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PLANT 105: Food, Society and the Environment > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Is polyculture farming based on growing only one type of crop?

A

FALSE

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2
Q

Must pesticide use be reported monthly to the county of agricultural commissioners?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What does the term ‘pasteurized’ refer to in dairy production?

A

The heating process used to kill harmful bacteria in milk.

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4
Q

Is monoculture farming based on growing only one type of crop at one time on a specific field?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Do feeder pig finishers buy feeder pigs and grow them to slaughter weight?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Is Rhizobium an example of free-living nitrogen fixation?

A

FALSE

IT IS A SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION (FREE-LIVING NITROGEN FIXATION: AZOTOBACTER & CLOSTRIDIUM)

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7
Q

Is acaricide a type of pesticide that kills rodents?

A

FALSE

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8
Q

What are the types of pesticides?

A

ACARICIDE–MITES, ALGAECIDE–ALGAE, AVIDICE–BIRDS, BACTERICIDE–BACTERIA, Insecticide–insects.

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9
Q

Must pesticides be registered by the FDA to be legally sold or used in the USA?

A

FALSE

REGISTERED BY EPA

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10
Q

Is Bacillus thuringiensis a predator that produces a toxin that destroys the midgut of an insect?

A

FALSE

IT IS A BACTERIA NOT PREDATOR

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11
Q

Can Azotobacter fix nitrogen without a symbiotic relationship with plants?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Does the need for manual labor decrease when planting multiple species?

A

FALSE

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13
Q

Does IPM focus on long-term prevention of pests or their damage by managing the ecosystem?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Is longitude the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth’s equator?

A

FALSE

EAST TO WEST

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15
Q

What is the primary focus of a farrow-to-finish operation?

A

To raise hogs from birth to slaughter weight (240-270 pounds).

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16
Q

How many pounds of feed does an average pig eat per day?

A

6 pounds.

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17
Q

Approximately what percentage of milk in the US is produced by California?

A

20%

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18
Q

What are top 5 states with the most cattle?

A

Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and California

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19
Q

Is crop rotation a valuable cultural method for reducing insect and disease issues?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Are traps for rodents examples of biological control?

A

FALSE

MECHANICAL CONTROL

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21
Q

Can pruning and other tools carry plant diseases from one plant to another?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Is integrated pest management one of the examples of agroecology?

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Are pesticides organisms that damage or interfere with desirable plants in our fields and orchards?

A

FALSE

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24
Q

Is the US Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program the governing entity for certified organic farming in the US?

A

TRUE

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25
Q

Who regulates pesticides in the US?

A

the EPA

26
Q

What is an organism that lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) during some portion of its life cycle?

A

parasites

27
Q

What is the type of pesticide that kills insects?

A

insecticide

28
Q

When was the Federal Insecticide Act established?

A

1910

29
Q

What is an example of biological control to control aphid infestations?

A

ladybird beetles

30
Q

What type of pesticide kills birds?

A

Avicide

31
Q

What are examples of parasites?

A

Fleas and Ticks

32
Q

Who regulates pesticides in California?

A

CDPR

33
Q

When did the first concepts of Precision Farming start?

A

1980

34
Q

What is the software that links the data collected to create a useful map?

A

GIS

35
Q

List 3 disadvantages of monoculture farming.

A

soil degradation and erosion, increase in pest and diseases pressures, the loss of biodiversity.

36
Q

List 3 advantages of precision farming.

A

improves yields and profits, more details for decisions, reduce pesticide/fertilizer costs, reduce pollution, reduce crop loss.

37
Q

What is the main difference between monoculture and polyculture?

A

Monoculture farming is focused on growing only one type of crop at one time on a specific land; Polyculture farming grows multiple crops on multiple land.

38
Q

List 3 synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop productions.

A

Alcohols–ethanol, isopropanol; Chlorine Material–calcium hypochlorite, Chlorine dioxide, Hypochlorous acid; Copper Sulfate; Hydrogen Peroxide.

39
Q

List 3 purposes of pesticide use in agriculture.

A

to control pests and diseases, increase crop yields, increase farming efficiency.

40
Q

Explain 2 advantages of polyculture farming.

A

Improve soil nutrition; Encourage nutrient cycling by planting crops that have nitrogen fixing abilities (legumes); Improve soil structure.

41
Q

What is sustainable agriculture?

A

Production of food and fiber, animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human consumption, and animal welfare.

42
Q

What is biological control and list 3 biological agents?

A

Biological control is the intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population and manage invasive species (pathogen, predators, parasites, herbivores).

43
Q

List 3 different types of agriculture.

A

Conventional farming, sustainable, precision.

44
Q

What are the differences between monoculture farming and organic farming?

A

Genetics: Monoculture - GMOs; Organic - NO GMO’s. Fertility: Monoculture - Chemically based, high energy input, hazardous, polluting; Organic –manure, compost, green manures, approved products (no synthetic). Pest Management: Monoculture - chemically based; Organic – IPM, Crop rotations. Moisture: Monoculture: rain, irrigation, down-stream impacts; Organic – rain, irrigation, reduced down-stream impacts. Labor: Monoculture–Minimized by inputs; Organic – heavy requirements. Equipment: Monoculture–big, expensive; Organic – specialized, to scale.

45
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of the interaction between organisms and their environments.

46
Q

How much of the worlds ag land devoted to raising livestock?

A

75%, about half of US agriculture is livestock

47
Q

Top 5 beef producers in the world

A

US, Brazil, European Union, China, and India

48
Q

What is the most dominant beef-producing breed in the US?

A

Black Angus

49
Q

What are other beef-producing breeds?

A

Hereford, Piedmontese, Wagyu “Japanese Cattle”

50
Q

Grass-Fed Beef

A

Cattle were allowed to forage and graze on their own; animal is provided with natural diet as possible

51
Q

Organic Beef

A

Cattle cannot be raised confined in a feed lot for an extended amount of time, overcrowded or unsanitary conditions, exposed to artificial pesticides, fertilizers etc.

52
Q

What are the issues of beef production?

A

Methane gases, diseases, food safety, animal health, overgrazing of cattle

53
Q

Average feed consumption of cattle

A

2500 pounds of grain, 600 pounds of hay, and 20000 gallons of water

54
Q

How much of grain production goes to animal feed?

A

1/3 or 70-80%

55
Q

How many dairies in the US are family owned?

A

99%

56
Q

Average dairy cow

A

eats 100 pounds of feed/day, drinks 50+ gallons of water per day, produces 6-7 gallons of milk per day

57
Q

Problems in dairy production

A

air pollution, groundwater contamination, high rates of water usage

58
Q

Top 3 pork producing countries

A

China, European Union, US

59
Q

Top 5 states with the most hogs

A

Iowa, Minnesota, North Carolina, Illinois, and Indiana

60
Q

Feeder Pig Producers

A

From birth to 10-60 pounds

PLANT 105: Food, Society and the Environment (3 decks)

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