final exam Flashcards

stuff that wasn't on the past exams & other stuff

1
Q

what is a nonpolar bond? polar covalent? ionic?

A

nonpolar = usually same atoms or C-H bonds
polar covalent = different nonmetals
ionic = metal and nonmetal

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2
Q

what element should get the more negative charge in a resonance structure?

A

the more electronegative element

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3
Q

which dipole (δ+/δ-) goes to which element?

A

the δ+ goes to the less electronegative and the δ- goes to the more electronegative

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4
Q

the greater the # of bonds, the _____ the bond strength and the _____ the bond

A

higher / shorter

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5
Q

in what cases will electron pair geometry be the same as molecular geometry?

A

if there are NO lone pairs

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6
Q

which atoms are okay with less than 8 electrons in a lewis structure?

A

BeBAl (Beryllium, Boron, and Aluminum)

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7
Q

in most cases, if a molecule has all same terminal atoms and no lone pairs, is it polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar

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8
Q

in most cases, if an atom has different terminal atoms, is it polar or nonpolar?

A

polar

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9
Q

in most cases, if lone pairs are on the central atom, is it polar or nonpolar?

A

most likely polar

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10
Q

does asymmetry lead to polarity or nonpolarity?

A

polarity

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11
Q

what kind of overlap makes a sigma bond? can they freely rotate?

A

end-to-end overlap; yes!

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12
Q

what kind of overlap makes a pi bond? can they freely rotate?

A

side-to-side; no :(

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13
Q

what do all single bonds contain?

A

sigma bonds

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14
Q

what do double bonds contain? triple bonds?

A

double = 1 sigma, 1 pi
triple = 1 sigma, 2 pi

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15
Q

where is the highest electron density in a sigma bond? pi bond?

A

sigma = along the bond axis
pi = around the bond axis

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16
Q

what are the letters to remember for hybridization?

A

spppdd

17
Q

which is the empirical formula and which is the molecular formula?

A

empirical = reduced subscripts
molecular = not reduced subscripts

18
Q
A