final exam Flashcards
stuff that wasn't on the past exams & other stuff
what is a nonpolar bond? polar covalent? ionic?
nonpolar = usually same atoms or C-H bonds
polar covalent = different nonmetals
ionic = metal and nonmetal
what element should get the more negative charge in a resonance structure?
the more electronegative element
which dipole (δ+/δ-) goes to which element?
the δ+ goes to the less electronegative and the δ- goes to the more electronegative
the greater the # of bonds, the _____ the bond strength and the _____ the bond
higher / shorter
in what cases will electron pair geometry be the same as molecular geometry?
if there are NO lone pairs
which atoms are okay with less than 8 electrons in a lewis structure?
BeBAl (Beryllium, Boron, and Aluminum)
in most cases, if a molecule has all same terminal atoms and no lone pairs, is it polar or nonpolar?
nonpolar
in most cases, if an atom has different terminal atoms, is it polar or nonpolar?
polar
in most cases, if lone pairs are on the central atom, is it polar or nonpolar?
most likely polar
does asymmetry lead to polarity or nonpolarity?
polarity
what kind of overlap makes a sigma bond? can they freely rotate?
end-to-end overlap; yes!
what kind of overlap makes a pi bond? can they freely rotate?
side-to-side; no :(
what do all single bonds contain?
sigma bonds
what do double bonds contain? triple bonds?
double = 1 sigma, 1 pi
triple = 1 sigma, 2 pi
where is the highest electron density in a sigma bond? pi bond?
sigma = along the bond axis
pi = around the bond axis