Exam #1 Material

Question 1

what is a physical property? examples?

Answer 1

• can be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance
• color, odor, taste, melting/boiling points, physical state (solid, liquid, gas), viscosity, solubility

Question 2

what is a chemical property? examples?

Answer 2

• can be observed by changing the chemical composition of a substance
• flammability, corrosion/oxidation, ability to rust, ability to tarnish, ability to reach violently, ability to decompose

Question 3

what is an intensive property? examples?

Answer 3

• does not depend on the amount of matter (INtensive = INdependent of how much you have)
• color, temperature, density

Question 3

what is an extensive property? examples?

Answer 3

• does depend on the amount of matter
• mass, length, volume

Question 4

what is the mnemonic for converting between prefixes?

Answer 4

King Henry Died by Drinking Chocolate Milk

Question 5

mega = ?

Answer 5

10^6 (M)

Question 6

kilo = ?

Answer 6

10^3 (K)

Question 7

hecto = ?

Answer 7

10^2 (H)

Question 8

deca = ?

Answer 8

10^1 (D)

Question 9

deci = ?

Answer 9

10^-1 (d)

Question 10

centi = ?

Answer 10

10^-2 (c)

Question 11

milli = ?

Answer 11

10^-3 (m)

Question 12

micro = ?

Answer 12

10^-6 (μ)

Question 13

nano = ?

Answer 13

10^-9 (n)

Question 14

pico = ?

Answer 14

10^-12 (p)

Question 15

what is an isotope?

Answer 15

atoms of an element containing the same # of protons but different # of neutrons

Question 16

carbonate

Answer 16

CO3 (2-)

Question 17

cyanide

Answer 17

CN (1-)

Question 18

ammonium

Answer 18

NH4 (1+)

Question 19

hydroxide

Answer 19

OH (1-)

Question 20

nitrate

Answer 20

NO3 (1-)

Question 21

phosphate

Answer 21

PO4 (3-)

Question 22

sulfate

Answer 22

SO4 (2-)

Question 23

what two transition metals have set charges?

Answer 23

zinc (2+) and silver (1+)

Question 24

what are the sig fig rules for addition and subtraction?

Answer 24

round to the least number of decimal places of any number in the problem

Question 25

what are the sig fig rules for multiplication and division?

Answer 25

round to the least amount of sig figs of any number in the problem

Question 26

what is accuracy?

Answer 26

measurements close to the known value

Question 27

what is precision?

Answer 27

measurements close to one another

Question 28

which of Dalton’s theories were incorrect? why?

Answer 28

• First: atoms CAN be divisible, like subatomic particles
• Third: the protons, electrons, and neutrons within atoms of the same element can differ.

Question 29

What were JJ Thomson’s observations and conclusions from the cathode ray tube experiment?

Answer 29

• Ray bends in a magnetic field –> Ray consists of charged particles
• Ray bends toward positive plate in electric field –> Ray consists of negative particles (opps attract)
• Ray is identical for any cathode material –> These particles are found in ALL matter

Question 30

what did Ernest Rutherford learn about the atom from his experiment?

Answer 30

The atom’s positive charges are concentrated in the extremely dense central core known as the nucleus.

Question 31

what makes up an ionic compound?

Answer 31

a metal and nonmetal

Question 32

what makes up a covalent compound?

Answer 32

two nonmetals

Question 33

what is a cation?

Answer 33

an atom that has a positive charge when it loses an electron

Question 34

what is an anion?

Answer 34

an atom that has a negative charge when it gains an electron