Final Exam

Question 1

mTBI

Answer 1

mild traumatic brain injury
-not life threatening
-direct blow or fall
-headache, tinnitus, nausea
-refer to physician

Question 2

second impact syndrome

Answer 2

-when athlete’s brain swells, bleeds significantly, and herniates due to concussion
-same symptoms and signs as mTBI
-is life threatening
-call 911

Question 3

cerebral contusion (intracerebral bleeding)

Answer 3

-when brain is bruised
-blood leaks into the brain tissue
-blow to the head, crash, or fall
-refer to physician

Question 4

epidural hematoma

Answer 4

-TBI when artery or vein is damaged and blood accumulates between the skull and the duramater
-direct blow
-s&s are similar to mTBI

Question 5

subdural hematoma

Answer 5

-blood in the brain
-summon EMS immediately

Question 6

skull fractures

Answer 6

-simple, linear, depressed, compound
-significant blow to head
-TBI symptoms, deformity, clear fluid coming out of ears or nose

Question 7

battle’s sign

Answer 7

bruising behind the ears
-skull fracture symptom

Question 8

raccoon eyes

Answer 8

bruising under the eyes
-skull fracture symptom

Question 9

TMJ dysfunction

Answer 9

-tmj can be inflamed with overuse or dislocated

Question 10

hyphema

Answer 10

-blood that accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye
-light sensitivity, blurred vision

Question 11

conjunctivitis

Answer 11

-pink eye
-highly contagious
-viral infection
-practice good hygiene

Question 12

tympanic membrane rupture

Answer 12

eardrum rupture

Question 13

auricular hematoma

Answer 13

-cauliflower ear
-constant friction of the ear
-blunt trauma

Question 14

otis externa

Answer 14

-swimmers ear
-remaining water in the outer ear canal causing bacteria to grow

Question 15

otitis media

Answer 15

-middle ear infection
-bacteria trapped in middle ear

Question 16

epistaxis

Answer 16

nosebleed

Question 17

subluxation

Answer 17

tooth knocked loose but not out

Question 18

luxation

Answer 18

tooth knocked and visibly crooked

Question 19

volkmann’s contracture

Answer 19

insufficient blood flow and oxygen cause the hand to take on a claw-like appearance
-caused by fall or direct blow

Question 20

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 20

chronic condition involving the median nerve from repetitive wrist flexion
-tingling, numbness

Question 21

myositis ossificans

Answer 21

ectopic bony growth that occurs in muscle groups, particularly the quad and bicep

Question 22

quad strain

Answer 22

-can hear a pop
-immediate sever pain, defect or bump

Question 23

patellar dislocations & sublixations

Answer 23

-most likely to move laterally
-more common in females

Question 24

medial tibia stress syndrome

Answer 24

-shin splints
-overload of the medial musculature that lies over the tibia

Question 25

compartment syndrome

Answer 25

pressure in the lower leg compartments increases and begins to compromise the nerve and vascular structures

Question 26

herniated disc

Answer 26

-usually chronic
-when the jelly center of a spinal dic tears through the outer layer, potentially hitting nerves

Question 27

spondylolysis

Answer 27

-a stress fracture in the small ridges of bone that connect the vertabrae
-trauma or repetitive loading/hyperextension

Question 28

spondylolisthesis

Answer 28

when a vertebrae slips out of place and places pressure on the vertebrae below

Question 29

focal

Answer 29

concentrated hit (skull)

Question 30

diffused

Answer 30

low velocity, large area (intracranial bleeding)

Question 31

retrograde amnesia

Answer 31

cannot recall memories from before the event

Question 32

anterograde amnesia

Answer 32

cannot recall things after the traumatic event

Question 33

cushing response

Answer 33

a physiological nervous system response to an increased intracranial pressure

Question 34

jersey finger

Answer 34

tear or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon (top 1/3 of finger breaks)

Question 35

commotio cordis

Answer 35

-sudden death due to a disruption in the heart’s electrical conductivity
-when an athlete is struck by an object at the sternum

Question 36

kidney contusions

Answer 36

-caused by blunt force trauma
-back pain, nausea, difficulty breathing

Question 37

hernia

Answer 37

abnormal exit of tissue or an organ through the wall of a cavity where it normally resides