Final Exam Flashcards
mTBI
mild traumatic brain injury
-not life threatening
-direct blow or fall
-headache, tinnitus, nausea
-refer to physician
second impact syndrome
-when athlete’s brain swells, bleeds significantly, and herniates due to concussion
-same symptoms and signs as mTBI
-is life threatening
-call 911
cerebral contusion (intracerebral bleeding)
-when brain is bruised
-blood leaks into the brain tissue
-blow to the head, crash, or fall
-refer to physician
epidural hematoma
-TBI when artery or vein is damaged and blood accumulates between the skull and the duramater
-direct blow
-s&s are similar to mTBI
subdural hematoma
-blood in the brain
-summon EMS immediately
skull fractures
-simple, linear, depressed, compound
-significant blow to head
-TBI symptoms, deformity, clear fluid coming out of ears or nose
battle’s sign
bruising behind the ears
-skull fracture symptom
raccoon eyes
bruising under the eyes
-skull fracture symptom
TMJ dysfunction
-tmj can be inflamed with overuse or dislocated
hyphema
-blood that accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye
-light sensitivity, blurred vision
conjunctivitis
-pink eye
-highly contagious
-viral infection
-practice good hygiene
tympanic membrane rupture
eardrum rupture
auricular hematoma
-cauliflower ear
-constant friction of the ear
-blunt trauma
otis externa
-swimmers ear
-remaining water in the outer ear canal causing bacteria to grow
otitis media
-middle ear infection
-bacteria trapped in middle ear
epistaxis
nosebleed
subluxation
tooth knocked loose but not out
luxation
tooth knocked and visibly crooked
volkmann’s contracture
insufficient blood flow and oxygen cause the hand to take on a claw-like appearance
-caused by fall or direct blow
carpal tunnel syndrome
chronic condition involving the median nerve from repetitive wrist flexion
-tingling, numbness
myositis ossificans
ectopic bony growth that occurs in muscle groups, particularly the quad and bicep
quad strain
-can hear a pop
-immediate sever pain, defect or bump
patellar dislocations & sublixations
-most likely to move laterally
-more common in females
medial tibia stress syndrome
-shin splints
-overload of the medial musculature that lies over the tibia
compartment syndrome
pressure in the lower leg compartments increases and begins to compromise the nerve and vascular structures
herniated disc
-usually chronic
-when the jelly center of a spinal dic tears through the outer layer, potentially hitting nerves
spondylolysis
-a stress fracture in the small ridges of bone that connect the vertabrae
-trauma or repetitive loading/hyperextension
spondylolisthesis
when a vertebrae slips out of place and places pressure on the vertebrae below
focal
concentrated hit (skull)
diffused
low velocity, large area (intracranial bleeding)
retrograde amnesia
cannot recall memories from before the event
anterograde amnesia
cannot recall things after the traumatic event
cushing response
a physiological nervous system response to an increased intracranial pressure
jersey finger
tear or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon (top 1/3 of finger breaks)
commotio cordis
-sudden death due to a disruption in the heart’s electrical conductivity
-when an athlete is struck by an object at the sternum
kidney contusions
-caused by blunt force trauma
-back pain, nausea, difficulty breathing
hernia
abnormal exit of tissue or an organ through the wall of a cavity where it normally resides
