Final Exam Flashcards
Explain Anatomical Position
Standing upright, facing forwards, feet parallel and flat on the floor, arms at the sides w palms facing forward
The sagittal plane passed through where?
Divides the body into left and right portions.
What are the brains two mains sources of fuel?
Glucose and oxygen
This joint provides the most mobility
Ball and socket
T/F? Carrying angle is greater in males than in females
False; greater in females
Scapular winging is usually an indicator of an inactive what?
Serratus anterior muscle
What are two major pronators of the arm?
- Pronator teres
2 Pronator quadratus
Which bone structure is where growth of bone occurs?
Epiphyseal plate
List 3 exercises to strengthen VMO function
Step-ups, wall sits, knee extensions
Primary functions of the cerebellum
Coordination, balance, posture, fine motor control
What’s the most common type of ankle injury?
Lateral ankle sprain
What’s the most common type of joint in the body
Synovial
Ambidextrous people can do what?
Use both hands with equal skill
The sharp distal end of the elbow is called what?
Olecranon process
T/F? Medial epicondylitis is also called tennis elbow
False; golfers elbow
Which type of joint provides the most mobility?
Ball and socket
“Bones and soft tissue remodel along lines of stress” is indicative of what?
Wolff’s Law
What is the largest joint in the body?
The knee joint
Tommy John surgery is common for those who have an injury to this area
Shoulder (UCL)
When it comes to the radioulnar joint, there is the _______ radioular joint, and the _______ radioulnar joint.
Proximal, distal
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
The cervical plexus is made up of which spinal nerves?
C1-C4
The cervical plexus is made up of which spinal nerves?
C1-C4
What is tendinitis?
Inflammation/irritation of a tendon
Difference between a strain and a sprain?
Strain: injury to a muscle or tendon
Sprain: injury to a ligament
What are the arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches
What is the opposite of shoulder elevation?
Shoulder depression
During which type of contraction does a muscle lengthen?
Eccentric contraction
During a concentric contraction, what does the insertion typically do?
Moves closer to the origin
Explain key features of ligaments
Connects bone to bone, provides joint stability, less elastic than tendons
In this gait pattern, you see reduced shoulder flexion during the forward part of the movement
Hemiplegic gait
What’s another name for the medial collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Appendicular vs Axial skeleton
Appendicular: limbs, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle (clavicle) (outside)
Axial: skull, vertebral column, and rib cage (inside)
What’s the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
This membrane keeps the radius and ulna from separating
Interosseous membrane
What type of joint is the Atlantoaxial joint
Pivot joint
Describe circumduction
A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Who are 3 types of specialists which a kinesiologist should have in his or her referral network
PT, orthopedic doctors, nutritionists
What are radial deviation, ulnar deviation, flexion, and extension of the wrist?
Radial: movement toward thumb side
Ulnar: movement toward pinky side
Flexion: bending wrist forward (towards body)
Extension: straightening wrist (away from body)
List the main lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
What % of the population is left handed?
10%
The amount of force a muscle can produce is related to what factors?
Muscle size, fiber type, and neural activation
What is the purpose of a bursa?
Reduces friction between tissues, such as bones, muscles, and tendons
Characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
Slightly movable, connected by cartilage (e,g., intervertebral discs)
Explain shin splints
Pain along the tibia caused by overuse or stress on the shinbone and surrounding muscles
Efferent vs Afferent nerves
Efferent: Carry motor signals from the brain to the body
Afferent: Carry sensory signals from the body to the brain
Muscle or muscle group that performs the opposite motion of the agonist is called what?
Antagonist
Explain plantar fasciitis:
Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain, often due to overuse
The slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when the muscle is resting, is called what?
Muscle tone
The distance from the maximum lengthening to maximum shortening in a muscle is called what?
Excursion
When the antagonist contracts at the same time as the agonist, it is called what?
Co-contraction
What is a fibrous joint?
A joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue, allowing little or no movement (sutures in the skull)
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
A muscles origin is typically considered to be where relative to the body?
Closer to midline
What do you do to avoid visual parallax?
View the object straight on and align your perspective perpendicular to the measurement plane
The first digit is called what?
Pollex (thumb)
The 3 main nerves that run down the arm
Median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve
What can knee valgus cause?
Stress on knee joint, potential ACL injury, increased risk of patellar dislocation
Nearly 1/4 of your bones are found where?
Hands and feet
T/F? The lumbosacral plexus is superior to the cervical plexus
False, cervical plexus is superior
Please describe scaption
Movement of the arm in the scapular plane, appox 30-45 degrees anterior to the frontal plane
_____ fibers are called grey matter
Unmyelinated fibers
Knee valgus vs knee vagus
Valgus: inward angulation (knock-kneed)
Vagus: outward bowing of the knee (bow-legged)
Knee valgus vs knee vagus
Valgus: inward angulation (knock-kneed)
Vagus: outward bowing of the knee (bow-legged)
What does the temporal lobe known to have?
Functions for auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension
When it comes to the elbow, the ____ does not move, the radius does.
The ulna
The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with, or to which it is relevant is known as what?
Scope
The nervous system is continually doing what?
Sending, receiving, and processing signals throughout the body
What main extensors of the elbow are called what?
Triceps brachii
What’s the opposite of shoulder protraction
Shoulder retraction
The ____ lobe is responsible for executive function, innovation, and strategic thinking
Frontal lobe
The #1 diagnosis that hand therapists treat is what?
Carpal tunnel
A condition that suggests that a particular technique or drug should not be used is called what?
Contraindications
Muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
What is one feature that sets man apart from animals
Thumb opposition
The radiocarpal and carpometacarpal joints are the in wrist; what’s the 3rd one called?
Mid carpal joint
Usually, what color is myelin
White
Subluxation vs dislocation
Subluxation: partial or incomplete dislocation
Dislocation: complete separation of the joint
Is the brachialis a flexor, extensor, or stabilizer?
Flexor
Describe PMRF gait
Gait pattern influenced by postural distortions due to dysfunction in the postural-motor reflex system
In these types of exercises, the segment furthest away from the body (known as the distal aspect) usually the hand or foot — is free and not fixed on an object
Open-chain exercise
What is turf toe?
A sprain of the ligaments around the big toe joint, often due to hyper extension
