Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Exam III Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam III Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of psychobiology

A

The relationship between biological processes and psychological phenomena. It studies how the brain and nervous system influence behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the SAID principle

A

(Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands)
- The body adapts specifically to the type of stress or exercise it experiences
- The body adjusts to handle repeated exposure to particular stress
- The demands must be challenging enough to stimulate adaptation, but not so excessive that they lead to injury/overtraining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary function of cortisol

A

(Stress Hormone) helps the body manage stress by mobilizing energy sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary function of dopamine

A

(Reward & Pleasure) reward, motivation, and motor control. Drives cognition and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main function of Epinephrine

A

(Adrenaline) hormone and neurotransmitter that is associated with the fight or flight response.

  • Produced by adrenal medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main function of norepinephrine

A

(Hormone/Neurotransmitter) also associated with fight or flight.

  • Released by the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla
  • Enhances energy availability
  • Maintains BP –> BP increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dopamine’s role in stress management

A

Contributes to motivation and reward-seeking behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False? Exercise has a direct impact on almost every physiological function

A

True; it’s one of the most effective ways to improve overall health and well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a microsleep? Why is it dangerous? Role of exercise in managing microsleep?

A
  1. Head nodding, eye closure. The individual may not be aware that they are experiencing a microsleep. Some brain regions enter a sleep-like state, even while the person may appear awake
  2. Increased risk of accidents (e.g., driving), impaired decision making, etc.
  3. Exercise plays a preventive role in reducing likelihood of microsleeps: improves sleep quality, boosts alertness, regulates circadian rhythm, reduces stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exercise’s impact on neuroplasticity

A

Exercise enhances the brain’s adaptability and cognitive function.

  • promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  • stimulates neurogenesis
  • improves synaptic plasticity
  • enhances cognitive reserve
  • increases blood flow and oxygenation
  • regulates stress hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what ways are athletes problem solvers?

A

Athletes must adapt and respond to dynamic unpredictable situations in their sports. Their ability to strategize, analyze, and execute in real-time involves several cognitive and physical skills

  • Tactical decision making
  • Adaptability
  • Motor skill precision
  • Split-second reactions
  • Collaboration and team dynamics
  • Mental resilience

Enhances reaction time and spatial awareness, improved ability to learn new skills and refine existing ones through motor cortex plasticity, greater emotional regulation and stress resilience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False? Pain tolerance, immune system, social interaction, and mental resilience are all byproducts of increased physical activity.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a palloff press? Why is it important? How can you use a palloff press to work with an injured athlete? With a healthy and strong athlete?

A

A palloff press is a core strengthening exercise that targets the rectus abdominis, obliques, and transverse abdominis. It uses a resistance band and involves holding the resistance at chest level while extending the arms away from the body, resisting rotational forces. The anti-rotational movement challenges the core muscles to maintain stability against external force, improving core strength, stability, and posture.

It’s important for anti-rotation training, core stability, postural control, and functional strength.

Injured athlete: Start with isometric holds, reduce resistance, slow progression, core engagement without rotation

Healthy athlete: Add dynamic movement such as incorporating rotational movements or lateral steps, increase resistance and complexity (split or single leg stance), add sport specific movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you immediately deal with an athlete who has failed the Thomas test? Why?

A

Thomas test assess hip flexor tightness

  1. Assess the degree of tightness - isolate muscles to determine which muscles have been affected
  2. Avoid aggressive stretching or load-bearing exercises
  3. Start with gentle stretching and mobility exercises (improves flexibility and reduces tightness)
  4. Foam rolling/soft tissue work
  5. Strengthen opposing muscles
  6. Postural awareness
    Progressive Rehabilition Plan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do shoulder subluxations happen more in wrestling? Discuss multidirectional instability.

A
  • High joint mobility requirements. Wrestling demands a wide range of shoulder movements, including extreme abduction, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation, placing the shoulder joint in vulnerable positions.
  • Repetitive stress and overuse
  • Physical contact and forceful maneuvers
  • Positions of vulnerability
  • Lack of protective gear

MDI - refers to excessive looseness or instability in the shoulder joint in multiple directions. (Overuse microtrauma, muscle imbalances, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Locate deltoids

A

Muscle originating at clavicle, going onto the shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Locate gastrocnemius

A

Superior calve muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Locate tibialis anterior

A

Starts at lateral side of the knee, goes diagonally down your shins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VMO (Vastus Medialisis)

A

Most medial muscle of quads

20
Q

Locate pectoralis major

A

Breast muscle, most superficial (minor is deep, against the ribs)

21
Q

Locate sternocleidomastoid

A

Side neck muscle

22
Q

Locate brachialis

A

Middle biceps muscle

23
Q

Locate the gracilis muscle

A

Thin muscle near the groin that runs from the pelvis to the knees

24
Q

What kind of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket

25
Q

True or False? The 2 innominate bones ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx comprise the pelvis

A

True

26
Q

List four motions of the hip

A

Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension

27
Q

True or false? The hip has movement in all 3 planes of motion

A

True

28
Q

True or false? The hip joint his not prone to dislocation because acetabulum forms a deep socket holding most of the femoral head, and the joint is surrounded by 3 strong ligaments

A

True

29
Q

Name all 4 quad muscles

A

Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femorus.

30
Q

Name all 3 hamstring muscles

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

31
Q

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

A

The sartorius

32
Q

What muscle is most efficient when performing flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and knee flexion?

A

The sartorius muscle

33
Q

Describe what an anterior pelvic tilt is

A

An anterior pelvic tilt occurs when the pelvis tilts forward, causing the front of the pelvis to drop and the back of the pelvis to rise, causing a change in posture

34
Q

Why is the hip bone not prone to dislocation?

A
  • Deep ball and socket anatomy; the head of the femur fits deeply into the acetabulum of the pelvis
  • 3 strong ligaments supporting it (Iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, Ishiofemoral ligament
  • Thick joint capsule
  • Muscular reinforcement (glutes, adductors, external rotators, etc.)
35
Q

A needs analysis is a two-stage process, which is comprised of what?

A
  1. Evaluation of the sport/activity
    - movement analysis
    - physiological analysis
    - injury analysis
  2. Assessment of the athlete
    - current fitness levels
    - movement screen
    - injury history
    - training status
    -goals
36
Q

Discuss the importance in sports-specific exercises

A
  • Enhance performance
  • Functional transfer (training movement patterns rather than isolating muscles)
  • Injury prevention (exercises tailored to the sport can address the common injury risks associated with the specific sport)
  • Energy system specificity
  • Psychological benefits
37
Q

If there are several exercises on a workout sheet, please discuss the rationale behind exercise order (i.e.
which should be done first power, cleans, squats, plyometric jumps, bicep curls, abdominals, etc.). Why?

A

Exercise order should prioritize explosive, high-skill movements first, followed by strength building compound lifts, then accessory and core work, and finally conditioning or endurance exercises if applicable. This progression ensures peak performance during critical lifts, optimizes energy usage, reduces injury risk, and aligns with the goals of the training program

38
Q

Please describe exercises that promote recovery within a session. Please include a discussion on intensities, timing, and what happens as a result

A

Effective recovery exercises include low intensity dynamic stretches, mobility work, breathing techniques, and light cardio. They enhance performance within the session, reduce soreness, and prepare the body for future training

39
Q

Please discuss the variation in frequency guidelines between beginner, intermediate, and advanced level athletes

A

Beginners: 2-3 full-body sessions per week to build foundational strength and recovery capacity

Intermediates: Increase to 3-5 sessions per week, introducing splits for targeted work while allowing adequate recovery

Advanced athletes: Train 4-7 sessions per week, often with specialized focus areas, and use periodization to optimize performance and recovery

40
Q

List 3 to 5 exercises that have high motor unit recruitment.

A
  1. Deadlift
  2. Squats
  3. Bench press
  4. Power clean
  5. Pull ups
  6. Overhead press
  7. Sumo DL
41
Q

What type of factors directly impact training load?

A

Intensity, volume, frequency, rest and recovery, exercise selection, movement speed and tempo, external loads and external stressors, training status and adaptation, fatigue and previous training, hydration and nutrition

42
Q

Please discuss the importance and ramifications on determining a 1-rep max (1RM)?

A

Determining a 1-rep max is a valuable tool for understanding an athlete’s max strength, informing program design, and tracking progress

43
Q

Locate iliacus

A

Along the big hip bones

44
Q

Locate the psoas major

A

Medium, longest hip muscle in between the iliacus and the psoas minor

45
Q

Locate the psoas minor

A

Smallest, most superior hip muscle, right above the psoas major

46
Q

Locate the sartorius

A

Starting at the top of the hip and does down through the groin and down to the anterior portion of the knee

47
Q
A

Kinesiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions