Final Exam Flashcards
What was the Triple Entente?
An alliance formed between France, Russia, and Great Britain before World War I.
The alliance aimed to counterbalance the threat posed by the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
True or False: The Triple Entente was a formal military alliance.
False
It consisted of diplomatic agreements and understandings rather than a formal treaty.
Fill in the blank: The Triple Entente was established to counterbalance the _______.
[Triple Alliance]
The Triple Alliance included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
What was a key outcome of the formation of the Triple Entente?
Increased cooperation and military coordination among the member nations.
This cooperation was crucial during World War I.
What year did the Triple Entente effectively form?
1907
The formal conclusion of the Triple Entente came with the Anglo-Russian Convention.
Who was Franz Ferdinand?
Archduke of Austria-Este and heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne
What event is Franz Ferdinand most commonly associated with?
His assassination in 1914, which contributed to the outbreak of World War I
What was the date of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination?
June 28, 1914
Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip
What was the broader political impact of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination?
It triggered a series of events leading to World War I
Fill in the blank: Franz Ferdinand was the heir presumptive to the _______.
Austro-Hungarian throne
True or False: Franz Ferdinand’s assassination occurred during a peace conference.
False
What was the nationality of Gavrilo Princip?
Bosnian Serb
What was one of the main reasons for the tension leading to Franz Ferdinand’s assassination?
Nationalist movements in the Balkans
Fill in the blank: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand is often cited as the spark that ignited _______.
World War I
What was the name of the organization that Gavrilo Princip was a part of?
Black Hand
True or False: Franz Ferdinand was in favor of greater autonomy for the Slavic people within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
True
What role did Franz Ferdinand’s assassination play in European alliances?
It activated a system of alliances that escalated the conflict into a world war
Fill in the blank: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand took place in _______.
Sarajevo
What was the relationship between Franz Ferdinand and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg?
He was her husband
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
A military strategy developed by Germany for a two-front war against France and Russia.
What was the primary objective of the Schlieffen Plan?
To quickly defeat France before turning to fight Russia.
True or False: The Schlieffen Plan called for invading France through Belgium.
True
Fill in the blank: The Schlieffen Plan was designed to avoid a prolonged _______.
[war on two fronts]
What was a significant flaw in the Schlieffen Plan?
Underestimating Russian mobilization speed.
Which two countries were primarily involved in the Schlieffen Plan?
- Germany
- France
What year was the Schlieffen Plan implemented?
1914
True or False: The Schlieffen Plan was successful in its execution.
False
List one consequence of the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.
- Stalemate on the Western Front
- Prolonged World War I
What was the February Revolution?
A major political event in Russia that led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
The February Revolution occurred in 1917 and was part of the larger Russian Revolution.
In which year did the February Revolution take place?
1917
This revolution was part of a series of events that resulted in the end of the Russian monarchy.
What was the primary outcome of the February Revolution?
The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
This marked the end of over three centuries of Romanov rule.
True or False: The February Revolution was a peaceful transition of power.
False
The revolution involved significant unrest and violence.
Fill in the blank: The February Revolution led to the establishment of a _______ government.
Provisional
The Provisional Government was formed to replace the Tsarist regime.
What significant social group played a key role in the February Revolution?
Workers and soldiers
Their dissatisfaction with food shortages and military failures fueled the revolution.
What event is often cited as a catalyst for the February Revolution?
International Women’s Day protests
On March 8, 1917, women protested for bread, which escalated into broader protests.
Which political party was prominent during the February Revolution?
The Bolsheviks
Although they were not the leading force initially, they gained influence after the revolution.
Fill in the blank: The February Revolution marked the beginning of the _______ in Russia.
Russian Revolution
This revolution was followed by the October Revolution later in 1917.
What was the immediate effect of the February Revolution on the Russian monarchy?
It ended the Romanov dynasty.
The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II led to a power vacuum in Russia.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
A Russian revolutionary leader and the founder of the Soviet state
Lenin played a key role in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
What is Lenin known for?
Leading the Bolshevik Revolution and establishing a communist government in Russia
Lenin’s policies laid the groundwork for the Soviet Union.
What ideology did Lenin promote?
Marxism-Leninism
This ideology combines Karl Marx’s theories with Lenin’s adaptations.
Fill in the blank: Lenin was the leader of the _______.
Bolshevik Party
What major event did Lenin lead in 1917?
The October Revolution
This event led to the overthrow of the Provisional Government.
True or False: Lenin was opposed to the ideas of Marx.
False
Lenin was a proponent of Marxist theory, adapting it to Russian conditions.
What was the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
A policy introduced by Lenin in 1921 to revive the Russian economy by allowing some private enterprise
The NEP was a response to the economic difficulties following the Civil War.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
It ended Russia’s involvement in World War I
The treaty was signed in March 1918 and ceded significant territory to Germany.
Fill in the blank: Lenin’s leadership style was characterized by _______.
Authoritarianism
What was the role of the Cheka in Lenin’s regime?
The secret police responsible for suppressing opposition
The Cheka played a crucial role in maintaining Bolshevik power.
What was Lenin’s view on imperialism?
He considered it the highest stage of capitalism
Lenin argued that imperialism was driven by the need for capitalist countries to find new markets.
What was the Zimmermann Telegram?
A secret diplomatic communication sent by Germany to Mexico during World War I.
What did the Zimmermann Telegram propose to Mexico?
To join the war on the side of Germany against the United States in exchange for the territories of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
In what year was the Zimmermann Telegram sent?
1917
Who was the German Foreign Minister that sent the Zimmermann Telegram?
Arthur Zimmermann
True or False: The Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence.
True
Fill in the blank: The Zimmermann Telegram was a significant factor in prompting the _______ to enter World War I.
United States
What impact did the publication of the Zimmermann Telegram have on American public opinion?
It swayed public opinion against Germany and increased support for entering the war.
What was the primary outcome of the Zimmermann Telegram?
It contributed to the U.S. decision to enter World War I.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
A peace treaty that ended World War I.
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 28, 1919.
Which country was primarily held responsible for the war in the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany.
What was one of the major territorial changes imposed by the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany lost territory to France, Poland, and Belgium.
Fill in the blank: The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay _______ as reparations.
[reparations].
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization established by the Treaty of Versailles to promote peace.
True or False: The Treaty of Versailles was universally accepted by all nations involved.
False.
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany’s military?
It restricted the size of the German military.
List three major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
- Territorial losses
- Military restrictions
- Reparations payments
Fill in the blank: The Treaty of Versailles was negotiated at the _______ Conference.
[Paris].
Who were the ‘Big Four’ leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?
- Woodrow Wilson (USA)
- David Lloyd George (UK)
- Georges Clemenceau (France)
- Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles commonly known as?
The War Guilt Clause.
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to World War II?
It fostered resentment in Germany that contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler.
Fill in the blank: The Treaty of Versailles imposed sanctions on _______ for its role in World War I.
[Germany].
Which territories were created as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
- Poland
- Czechoslovakia
- Yugoslavia
What is hyperinflation?
An extreme and rapid increase in prices, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of currency.
What can trigger hyperinflation?
Factors such as excessive money supply, loss of confidence in currency, and supply shocks.
True or False: Hyperinflation is characterized by a gradual increase in prices.
False
Fill in the blank: Hyperinflation often leads to a decrease in _______.
purchasing power
What are common consequences of hyperinflation?
- Devaluation of currency
- Increased cost of living
- Economic instability
What historical event is often cited as an example of hyperinflation?
The Weimar Republic in Germany during the 1920s.
Fill in the blank: Hyperinflation can result in the use of _______ as a medium of exchange.
foreign currency
How does hyperinflation affect savings?
It erodes the value of savings, making them nearly worthless.
What is a common public response to hyperinflation?
People may resort to bartering goods and services.
True or False: Hyperinflation can be controlled by raising interest rates.
True
What is Protectionism
Protectionism is an economic policy aimed at shielding a country’s domestic industries from foreign competition. It typically involves the use of various trade barriers such as tariffs (taxes on imports), quotas (limits on the quantity of imports), subsidies (financial assistance to domestic industries), and regulations designed to restrict or control imports. The goal of protectionism is to protect local businesses, jobs, and industries from being outcompeted by foreign firms, which may benefit from lower labor costs, government support, or more favorable regulations.
