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PSY 1102 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

impression formation

A

process on how someone formulates either pos/neg opinions and feelings about another person/group

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2
Q

who focused on behavioural measures of intelligence

A

binet and simon

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3
Q

zone of proximal development

A

distance between what a child can accomplish alone and what they can accomplish with some assistance

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4
Q

flooding

A

expose someone to an anxiety proviking stimulus and not let them leave until they can realx

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5
Q

yerkes-dodson law

A

u shaped curve for the relationship between stress and performance

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6
Q

paradoxical effect

A

long term use of a drug can cause the symptoms it is intended to treat

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7
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

engaging in prosocial behaviours with the expectation of getting something in return

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8
Q

Cluster B traits

A

Dramatic, emotional,erratic

antisocial
BPD
narcissistic

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9
Q

intelligence

A

capacity to be a general problem solver and to solve a wide variety of problems in a wide variety of domains

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10
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

acceptance and love no matter what

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11
Q

systematic desensitization

A

replacing the anxious response to a stimulus with a relaxation response

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12
Q

bipolar II disorder must have both:

A

hypomaniaf and major depressive episodes

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13
Q

case formulation

A

explanation of an individuals mental disorder that is informed by multiple factors

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14
Q

individual therapy

A

collaborativ treatment based on the relationship formed between an individual and their therapist

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15
Q

what is the issue with benzos

A

highly addictive

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16
Q

unconscious mind

A

houses any thoughts or impulses too threatening to be in one’s conscious mind

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17
Q

Cluster C traits

A

Anxious and Fearful
avoidant
dependat
obsessive compulsive

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18
Q

consensus (personlity)

A

extent to which an individuals behaviour resembles that of others

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19
Q

who talked about the self system

A

Albert Bandura

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20
Q

what is the average IQ and SD

A

100
15

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21
Q

who used physiological measures to assess intelligence

A

Francis Galton

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22
Q

most severe FASD

A

FAS

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23
Q

what is the primary driver of personality according to freud

A

id

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24
Q

animism

A

believeing inanimate objects have feelings

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25
Q

who coined the term psychoanalysis

A

Freud

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26
Q

consistency (personality)

A

behaviour is consistent over time and across situations

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27
Q

what scale is used for a fear hierarchy

A

subjective units of distress scale

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28
Q

who studied attachment styles

A

john bowlby
mary ainsworth
Harry Harlow

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29
Q

cross sectional research

A

children of various ages are tested in the same study

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30
Q

what psychologist proposed stages of development from birth to death

A

erik erikson

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31
Q

self esteem

A

how pos/neg someone evaluates themselves based on life experiences

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32
Q

who developed the mental age for intelligence

A

binet and simon

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33
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

ability to solve problems by applying knowledge you already possess

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34
Q

concordance rate

A

degree of similarity between any set of twins on any measure of personlity assessed using the correlation coefficient

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35
Q

internal locus of control

A

they control what happens in their life and future

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36
Q

distress

A

behaviours thoughts and feelings that are upsetting and cause pain or suffering

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37
Q

who talked about delay of gratification

A

walter mischel

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38
Q

compensation conservation task

A

imposed changes cancel each other out

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39
Q

ALTRUISM

A

behaviours to benefit another without the explicit expectation of anything in return

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40
Q

what part of the personality takes care of basic human needs (Freud)

A

Id

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41
Q

becks cognitive triad

A

individuals belief about the self, the world and the future

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42
Q

transference

A

patient redirects feelings for another person onto the therapist

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43
Q

Who developed the strange situation paradigm

A

Mary Ainsworth

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44
Q

3 kinds of resistance

A

repression
denial
regression

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45
Q

Disequilibration

A

cognitive structures do not agree with external realities

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46
Q

teratogen

A

agent or factor which causes harm to a baby in utero

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47
Q

higher amounts of what during adolescence can cause inc risk taking behaviour

A

dopamine

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48
Q

what piaget stage of development has difficulty with conservation

A

preoperation

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49
Q

weeks for the period of the embryo

A

2-8

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50
Q

eustress

A

reactions to good stress

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51
Q

wisdom paradox

A

we get wiser with age even though our intelligence probably goes doqn

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52
Q

what was the most important psychological tool according to vygotsky

A

language

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53
Q

between 1932 and 7978, the average IQ score increased by how many points

A

14

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54
Q

dizygotic twins

A

two eggs released during ovulation

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55
Q

who indicated that parents should use scaffolding

A

lev vygotsky

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56
Q

formal operational ages

A

12 and up

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57
Q

conditional positie regard

A

acceptance and love are contingent upon their actions and behaviours

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58
Q

What did carl rogers believe the motivational source of personality wsa based on

A

tendency of the individual to develop a personal sense of self-awareness and self acceptance within the self concept

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59
Q

when the pulses with TMS are delivered in quick succession, what is the procedure called

A

rTMS

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60
Q

psychoanalysis

A

seeks to help clients gain more insight into their unconscious thoughts./behaviours

free association

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61
Q

compulsions

A

behaviours that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession

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62
Q

resistance

A

patient stops cooperating in psychoanalysis

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63
Q

preconcious mind

A

information the individual isnt thinking about at any given moment but can easily access

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64
Q

how did binet and simon define intelligence

A

the ability to judge well, comprehend well and reason well

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65
Q

In the strange situation paradigm, describe the behaviour of a securely attached infant

A

happy when mom there
distressed when mom gone
happy when picked up

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66
Q

erogenous zone

A

area of the body associated with pleasure

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67
Q

what are humanistic perspectives of personality based on

A

assumption that the expression of personality is motivated by the internal desire for self improvement and self enhancement

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68
Q

who was the first psychologist to theorize about attachment relationships in infancy

A

John Bowlby

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69
Q

repression

A

missed appts or forgotten dreasm

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70
Q

what is scaffolding

A

as children grow more competent, slowly removing supports to allow them to groq

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71
Q

rapport

A

individuals comfort and willingness to engage with their therapist

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72
Q

FASD

A

range of conditions associated with being exposed to alcohol prenatally

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73
Q

clinical social worker

A

master degree in social work
mental care to a variety of populations in many dif settings

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74
Q

weeks for the period of the fetus

A

9-38

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75
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the more time and experience that we have with someone is associated with an increased liking of that person

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76
Q

the four Ds

A

deviance
distress
dysfunction
danger

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77
Q

how much time did infant monkeys spend on their cloth mothers

A

17-18 hours per day

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78
Q

when are personality disorders first noticed

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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79
Q

door int he face compliance

A

large request rejected
small request accepted

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80
Q

who conducted the study on attachment and chimps babies

A

harry harlow

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81
Q

agoraphobia

A

anxiety disorder in which an individual fears or avoids certain places or situations

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82
Q

concrete operational period ages

A

7-11

83
Q

stress responses

A

internal responses to stressors

84
Q

actual self

A

one’s current state of being

85
Q

Accommodation

A

creation of new cognitive structures to house new information

86
Q

identity conservation task

A

transformations do not alter the medium in any meaningful way

87
Q

reality principle

A

where the ego operates - id impulses are rejected in their natural form and expresses in socially acceptable ways

88
Q

Cluster A traits

A

odd and eccentric behaviours
paranoid
schizo

89
Q

Id

A

core component of personality in the unconcious mind

90
Q

confirmation bias

A

more likely to pay attention to info consistent with our existing beliefs

91
Q

self fulfilling profecty

A

desired outcomes are more likely to occur because we act unwittingly in ways to bring them about

92
Q

regression

A

desire to return to previously solved problesm

93
Q

deviance

A

departure from what is normal or usual

94
Q

egocentrism

A

difficulty to adopt another person’s perspective

95
Q

what kind of drugs are SSRIs

A

antidepressants

96
Q

dispositional cause

A

internal cause - as a result of their personality

97
Q

monozygotic twims

A

fertilized egg divides in two

98
Q

what are executive functions

A

higher order cognitive processes

99
Q

self-efficacy

A

belief about ones ability to successfully perform in a given situation

100
Q

lowballing

A

person agrees to purchase at low price, original deal changes and its not as desireable

101
Q

defining feature of the period of the fetus

A

brain develops sulci and gyri

102
Q

were those with androgynous personality characteristics perceived more or less positively than sex-typed persons

A

more

103
Q

internally based characteristics of personality are known as

A

traits

104
Q

hollow ball of cells during the period of the zygote

A

blastocyst

105
Q

symbolic thinking

A

ability to use symbols to stand for other things

106
Q

conscious mind

A

mental activities that a person is aware of

107
Q

good stress

A

motivates us to work to achieve our goals

108
Q

first-line treatments

A

initial attempt at treating a psychological disorder

109
Q

Assimilation

A

incorporation of new information into existing cognitive structures

110
Q

Ego

A

mediates between the id and superego - decides course of action

111
Q

ideal self

A

ideal level one would like to be at

112
Q

four components of emotional intelligence

A

precieve emotions accurately
use emotions to facilitate though
understand emotions
manage emotions

113
Q

what part of the brain is responsible for executive functions

A

prefrontal cortex

114
Q

hypomania

A

less intense experience of mania - same inc energy/activity with less impairment in funcitoning

115
Q

CBT

A

model of therapy asserting that thoughts and perceptions influence feelings and behaviours

116
Q

Superego

A

ones sense of right and wrong

117
Q

stereotype threat

A

risk of confirming negative excpectations about one;s own social group

118
Q

preoperational stage is marked by

A

a childs ability to use symbols and engage in logical thinking

119
Q

criticism

A

ability to step back and find errors in one’s thinking

120
Q

The traits in the five factor model can be remembered with what acronym

A

OCEAN
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeability
neuroticism

121
Q

name some neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Intellectual Disorders

Communication Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

Specific Learning Disorder

Motor Disorders - Tic Disorders

Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

122
Q

uniqueness (personality)

A

personality traits are specific to each person

123
Q

Creative intelligence

A

when the components are applied to unfamiliar situations where novelty is important.

124
Q

Psychiatrist

A

medical doctors who specialzied in the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders

125
Q

preoperational period ages

A

2-7

126
Q

what is the first step in systematic desensitization

A

teach relaxation skills in the absence of the anxiety provocing stimulus

127
Q

direction

A

ability to know what to do and how to do it

128
Q

what is the principle purpose of the ego

A

meet the needs of the id within the constraints of the real world

129
Q

what is the self system

A

a set of congitions that people use to observe evaluate and regulate their behaviour in different situations

130
Q

who believed that mammals develop attachment bonds as a means of promoting their survival

A

John Bowlby

131
Q

learned helplessness

A

ability to prevent unpleasant events in life are outside of your control

132
Q

external locus of control

A

you lack control over the events in your life

133
Q

who identified 3 components of intelligence
analytical
creative
practical

A

sternberg

134
Q

stereotypes

A

attitudes and opinions about people bases on the group they are affiliated with

135
Q

who believes the core element of personality is based on locus of control

A

julian rotter

136
Q

standard deviation

A

the degree to which scores cluster around the mean

137
Q

fluid intelligence

A

ability to think flexibly and to handle complex and novel situations

138
Q

what are eriksons 8 stages

A

trust v mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative v guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity v role confusion
intimacy v isolation
generativity v stagnation
ego integrity v despair

139
Q

Adaptation

A

ability to create strategies for implementing knowledge and monotoring its progress

140
Q

stress and coping theory

A

appraise the demands and resources to deal with a stressor

141
Q

negative symptoms

A

behaviours observed in healthy individuals that one experiencing psychosis does not do

142
Q

3 specialties for psychologists

A

clinical
counseling
school

143
Q

what does TMS do

A

uses electormagnetic currents to stimulate portions of the brian

144
Q

what is the key characteristic of bipolar and related disorders

A

mania

145
Q

who developed the thought record

A

aaron beck

146
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

egg implants into the fallopian tube

147
Q

cognitive distortions

A

negative automatic thoughts that can become pervasive

148
Q

In the strange situation paradigm, describe the behaviour of a insecure resistant infant

A

clingy - resisted separation
fearful of stranger when alone
contact maintaining behaviour when mom is back

149
Q

primary effect

A

initial info learned about someone else has the strongest effect on impression formatioin

150
Q

what was used to treat anxiety in the past

A

barbituates

151
Q

name 3 reasons for the flynn effect

A

1) health care and nutrition improvements
2) improvements in eductaion
3) increase in environmental complexity

152
Q

source of conflict: oral stage

A

mouth conflict associated with weaning

153
Q

thanatos

A

death impulse manifested as unrestrained aggression

154
Q

longitudinal research

A

studying development in the same people over time

155
Q

pleasure principle

A

driving force of the id - fulfillment of sex urges and aggressive impulses

156
Q

attachment

A

manner in which we interact with our primary caregivers as infants and with our romantic partners as adults

157
Q

what does behavioural genetics perspective of personality examine

A

degree to which contributions form biological factors interact w environmental factors to determine expression of certain personality characteristics in different groups

158
Q

Equilibration

A

cognitive structures agree with external realities

159
Q

defining feature of the period of the embryo

A

major developmental advances

160
Q

sensorimotor period ages

A

0-2

161
Q

mental health counselors

A

master degree
diagnostic assessment and couseling across the lifespan

162
Q

positive ssymptoms

A

behaviours that were not present before the onset of the disorder

163
Q

foot in the door compliance

A

small request accepted, larger request accepted

164
Q

Piagets 4 stages of development

A

sensorimotor
peroperational
concrete operational
formal operational

165
Q

primary characteristic of the period of the zygote

A

rapid cell division

166
Q

In the strange situation paradigm, describe the behaviour of a insecure avoidant chil

A

minimal stranger anxiety
no distress when mom gone
not approach mom for comfort when she came back

167
Q

self-enhancement bias

A

tendency to judge one’s performance as better than the average without any special expertise or training

168
Q

maximal adapatability model

A

emphasizes humans are highly adapative to stressors and can maintain high levels of performace regardless

169
Q
A
170
Q

situational cause

A

external cause - as a result of things that are outside of them

171
Q

Personality

A

enduring set of internally based characteristics that produce uniqueness and consistency in the expression of a person’s thoughts and behaviors, along with an explanation to account for these characteristics

172
Q

cognitive flexibility

A

ability to change how one is formulating a problem and to redirect one;s attention accordingly

173
Q

who is credited as the founder of the eugenics movement

A

Sir Francis Galton

174
Q

who proposed the sociocultural theory of development

A

lev vygotsky

175
Q

social darwinsim

A

attempt to apply darwins theory of evolution to the relations between socioeconomic classes, nationalities and races

176
Q

when are neurodevelopmental disorders first seen

A

infancy
early childhood

177
Q

Manifest content

A

what the dreamer remembers

178
Q

end of the period of the zygote

A

implantation of hte blastocyst in the uterine wall

179
Q

bad stress

A

reduce motivation and impair functioning

180
Q

denial

A

insistence they no longer need therapy

181
Q

Free association

A

say whatever comes to mind without thinking about it

182
Q

what do benzodiazepines do

A

enhance the effect of GABA

183
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent unwanted + intrusive thoughts, fears, urges or images

184
Q

what is an example of a culturally and language neutral test

A

raven’s progressive matrices

185
Q

why were benzos so well received

A

due to their fast acting effect

186
Q

Psychologists

A

have a doctorate and can diagnose and treat disorders of behaviour, emotion and thought

187
Q

what is the main inhibitor of the CNS

A

GABA

188
Q

who helped to standardize the measure of intelligence

A

binet and simon

189
Q

what are the 3 distinct elements of personality

A

uniqueness
consistency
explanation

190
Q

eros

A

unconscious sexual impulses

191
Q

source of conflict: anal stage

A

associated with toilet training

192
Q

Practical intelligence

A

when the components are applied to real-world settings.

193
Q

dysfuction

A

behaviours thoughts and feelings disruptive to ones regular routine

194
Q

inversion conservation tasks

A

changes are easily reversible

195
Q

latent content

A

expression of the unconcious mind through dream

196
Q

Flynn effect

A

IQ scores were increasing over time

197
Q

stressor

A

external circumstances that are percieved as being able to disturb an individuals balanced state

198
Q

analytical intelligence

A

when the components are applied to the kinds of problems found in standard IQ tests.

199
Q

what 3 basic abilities did simon and binet coin

A

direction
adaptation
criticism

200
Q

attitudes

A

variations in thoughts, ideas and opinions

201
Q

Successful intelligence

A

being able to use analytical
creative and practical intelligence properly

202
Q

groupthink

A

fault decision making that occurs when high degree of conformity are highly valued

203
Q

what are the 5 psychosexual stages

A

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

204
Q

eugenics

A

encouraging reproduction between desirable people and discouraging reproduction between undesirable people

PSY 1102 (3 decks)

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