FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Why utilize a “tent” when photographing evidence close up?

Answer 1

It will give you “even” illumination without any shadowing

Question 2

What should your “white balance” setting be while using the tent’s built-in lighting?

Answer 2

Daylight or flourescent

Question 3

What can you do to insure your “white balance” is correct when photographing through a microscope?

Answer 3

Place a blue filter in the light path or change your white balance setting to tungsten

Question 4

What advantages is there to utilizing a “macro” lens when taking close-up photographs?

Answer 4

you can get closer to your subject (producing a larger image) and still be in focus

Question 5

List 3 types of macrophotography accessories.

Answer 5

diopters, extension tubes, bellows, reversing rings, and macro lenses

Question 6

Types of photogrammetry

Answer 6

• Perspective grid photogrammetry
• perspective disc photogrammetry
• natural grid photogrammetry
• reverse projection photogrammetry
• computer aided design (CAD) software (rhinoceros)

Question 7

Why you may use photogrammetry

Answer 7

• lots of measurements needed to be made at a scene
• reconstruction analysis needs to be preformed later
• equipment or manpower not available
• short release time requirement for a crime scene
• minor scene that could become a major scene
• insurance shots (just in case!)

Question 8

UV Light

Answer 8

• used to enhance to create contrast through florescence
• uses light/energy below 400 nm

Question 9

How is florescence created?

Answer 9

excitation of a subjects electrons when UV energy is added

Question 10

How is contrast created as a result of fluorescence

Answer 10

Because of the excitation of a subjects electrons, they are in a higher state of energy or orbit, and this causes potential evidence to enter the visible light range of the EMS. Thus creating constrast

Question 11

UV Light applications

Answer 11

• forgery and document alterations
• fibers and other trace evidence
• semen, blood, or any other bodily fluids
• bruises or bite marks
• gun power residue
• fingerprint enhancements

Question 12

Stages of brusing

Answer 12

0-2 days: oxyhemoglobin (red)
2-5 days: deoxyhemoglobin (blue)
5-7: biliverdin (green)
7-10: bilirubin (yellow)
10-14: hemosiderin (brown)

Question 13

SICAR

Answer 13

Shoe imprint capture and retrival

Question 14

IR photography

Answer 14

Like UV, but applies light of 700 nm or higher to evidence; directly apply to the evidence or reflect the IR light, but filters will be needed to block all visible light from entering the camera and only view the IR light.

Question 15

IR light application

Answer 15

• enhancement of tattoos
• document examination and forgery investigations
• gunshot residue
• bloodstain evidence

Question 16

UV/IR Documentation

Answer 16

alternate lighting may make objects fluoresce or be more visible against their backgrounds

Question 17

Copyright

Answer 17

Rights over an artistic work that gives whoever is copywriting exclusive rights to make, sell, and distribute, and adapt the original work.

Question 18

Doctored Image

Answer 18

transformation or alteration of a photograph, can be seen as skillful art or unethical practice.

Question 19

How to tell if an image has been altered

Answer 19

1. Look at the metadata (EIFX data) which can determine what camera the photo was taken on, at what time and location information
2. check JPEG compression quality
3. look for warping or digital distortion
4. shadow discrepancies/inconsistent lighting
5. unnatural colors
6. poor removal of objects
7. repeated or copied patterns
8. no depth of field within image

Question 20

Analysis tools for digital images

Answer 20

1. forensically there are free websites and tools (error level analysis, metadata extraction, clone detection, JPEG quality, etc.)
2. FotoForensics (free tool that gives access to tools used in digital forensic analysis)
3. Amped software
   4.

Question 21

Public Images

Answer 21

Images that are free for public use that individuals can use without worrying about copyright issues.

Question 22

When a bloodstain is found on a pair of blue jeans and the photographer wishes to increase the contrast of the image by making the red bloodstains darker in the photograph, which colored filter would be the best choice?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Yellow

Answer 22

B. Blue

Question 23

When a bloodstain is found on a section of green carpet and the photographer wishes to increase the contrast of the image by making the green carpet lighter in the photograph, which colored filter would be the best choice?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Orange

Answer 23

c. Green

Question 24

Blood _______ UV light.
A. Reflects
B. Absorbs
C. Fluoresces with
D. Refracts

Answer 24

B. Absorbs

Question 25

Because light is additive, Luminol reactions are generally improved through longer exposures.
True or False?

Answer 25

True