FINAL EXAM

Question 1

lipids:

Answer 1

oils, fats
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

osmosis:

Answer 2

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 3

selectively permeable membrane:

Answer 3

allows some things to pass through

Question 4

diffusion:

Answer 4

water moves from areas of high to low concentration

Question 5

active transport:

Answer 5

molecules need energy to move

Question 6

passive transport:

Answer 6

doesn’t require energy to move

Question 7

hypertonic solution:

Answer 7

water flows in

Question 8

hypotonic solution:

Answer 8

water flows out

Question 9

isotonic solution:

Answer 9

same concentration as the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 10

endocytosis:

Answer 10

takes in substance from outside the cell

Question 11

exocytosis:

Answer 11

moving large molecules to the cell’s exterior

Question 12

3 bacterial structures:

Answer 12

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

Question 13

binary fission:

Answer 13

method of asexual reproduction

Question 14

steps of binary fission:

Answer 14

1. DNA attach to membrane
2. duplicates
3. membrane enlarges
4. wall forms in middle
5. 2 daughters form

Question 15

endotoxin:

Answer 15

found in bacterial walls

Question 16

exotoxin

Answer 16

secreted into surrounding area

Question 17

benefits of bacteria:

Answer 17

provides nutrients
ferments foods
breaks down food

Question 18

lytic cycle:

Answer 18

immediately causes disease
1. adsorption
2. entry
3. replication
4. assembly
5. release

Question 19

lysogenic cycle:

Answer 19

doesn’t cause immediate disease
1. adsorption
2. entry
3. prophage stage
4. external stimuli

Question 20

viruses are made up of:

Answer 20

RNA/DNA and a protein casing

Question 21

external barriers:

Answer 21

skin, saliva, mucus

Question 22

internal defenses:

Answer 22

lymphatic system, antibodies, white blood cells

Question 23

antibodies:

Answer 23

bind to foreign invaders

Question 24

interferons:

Answer 24

stimulate antiviral proteins

Question 25

lymphatic system:

Answer 25

organs/cells filter blood and lymph

Question 26

Germ Theory:

Answer 26

disease is often cause by microorganisms

Question 27

bacteria is:

Answer 27

a living, single-celled organism

Question 28

fungi are:

Answer 28

multi/single celled, grow in warm, damp places

Question 29

protozoa are:

Answer 29

single-celled organisms

Question 30

parasites are:

Answer 30

multicellular, feed off host

Question 31

key component to an organic molecule:

Answer 31

carbon

Question 32

monomer:

Answer 32

small molecules

Question 33

polymer:

Answer 33

made by joining monomers

Question 34

hydrolysis:

Answer 34

breaking down complex molecules with water

Question 35

dehydration synthesis:

Answer 35

bonding sugars by removing water

Question 36

catabolic:

Answer 36

breaking down molecules

Question 37

anabolic:

Answer 37

bonding molecules

Question 38

nucleic acid:

Answer 38

DNA, genetic info

Question 39

sources of energy:

Answer 39

starch
glycogen

Question 40

glucose compound:

Answer 40

C6H12O6

Question 41

simple sugar:

Answer 41

1 sugar molecule

Question 42

complex sugar:

Answer 42

large macromolecules

Question 43

glycemic index:

Answer 43

measures how fast/far blood sugar rises

Question 44

diabetes types:

Answer 44

1. born with it
2. onset

Question 45

functions of proteins:

Answer 45

structure
hormones
antibodies
movement

Question 46

effects of excess protein:

Answer 46

ketosis
bone/teeth problems
dehydration

Question 47

ATP:

Answer 47

a form of energy used by cells to function

Question 48

key sugars:

Answer 48

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 49

saturated vs unsaturated fats

Answer 49

saturated- no double bonded carbon
unsaturated- 2 hydrogens per carbon

Question 50

what are good fats?

Answer 50

reduce blood cholesterol
high HDL

Question 51

what are bad fats?

Answer 51

raise cholesterol
high LDL

Question 52

LDL:

Answer 52

low density lipoproteins
“bad”

Question 53

HDL:

Answer 53

high density lipoproteins
“good”