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Oral Communication > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

a coherent series of reasons, statements or facts intended to
support or establish a point of view

A

argument

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2
Q
  • A statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to
    convince people that your opinion about something is correct
A

argument

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3
Q

An argument consists of two parts:

First part –

A

Claim or Statement:

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4
Q

An argument consists of two parts

Second part –

A

Reasons/Evidences:

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5
Q

An argument consists of two parts:

(part 1 or 2)
evidence and reasons that the claim or statement is believed
and should be believed to be true

A

2

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6
Q

An argument consists of two parts:

(part 1 or 2)
a claim or statement that presents the overview of the main idea

A

1

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7
Q

A false or mistaken idea

A

FALLACIES

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8
Q

An often plausible argument using false or invalid inference

A

FALLACIES

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9
Q

Are misleading ideas about a person or found in an argument, reason,
definition, explanation and the like.

A

FALLACIES

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10
Q

This fallacy occurs when a person attacks another person who cites
an argument instead of commenting about his or her argument

A

Ad Hominem

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11
Q

A claim or an argument is taken to be false on the basis of judgement
that leads to attack the person presenting the argument; thus
rejecting the person’s argument too

A

Ad Hominem

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12
Q

An argument is rejected by another person when the person who
gives the argument lacks consistency nor gives evident that he or she
is doing or following his or her own argument; thus, his or her
argument is taken to be false by another person

A

Ad Hominem Tu Quoque

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13
Q

An argument could not prove its basis when the person in question is
not an expert on the subject; thus, the person is considered not to be
qualified in making a reliable argument

A

Appeal to Authority

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14
Q

The argument presented by the person could be true even he or she
does not have an expertise on the subject of the argument, but the
argument may still be considered to be false if he or she lacks rational
thoughts about his or her argument

A

Appeal to Authority

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15
Q

An argument presented by the person is rejected by another person
upon knowing that many people or most of the people that he or she
knows do not act upon, follow or believe the presented argument

A

Appeal to Belief

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16
Q

An argument is accepted by another person because of the strong
emotions used by the person who makes the argument

A

Appeal to Emotion

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17
Q

The emotion is used to substitute rational ideas; thus, affecting
another person’s emotion and thought that could lead him or her to
accept the argument to be true

A

Appeal to Emotion

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18
Q

Presents information, clarification, explanation and the like to support
and prove a claim or an argument

A

FACTUAL EVIDENCE

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19
Q

Direct quotes, illustrations and statistics are some of the examples

A

FACTUAL EVIDENCE

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20
Q

Factual evidence can be presented in different ways..

  1. S_________ EVIDENCE
  2. T______ EVIDENCE
A

STATISTICAL
TESTIMONIAL

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21
Q

This is commonly taken from experts and authorities in certain field

A

Testimonial Evidence

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22
Q

trusted or competent people who give information, clarification or
observation are usually considered to prove certain subjects or
thoughts

A

Testimonial Evidence

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23
Q

This is presented in figures such as percentage or number taken from
survey results, data gathering and the like that would need to be
measured and counted.

A

Statistical Evidence

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24
Q

an account or statement describing in detail an event,
situation or the like usually as the result of observation, inquiry, etc.:

A

Report

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25
Q

it is the evaluation of a particular issue, set of circumstances, or
financial operations that relate to the performance of a business

A

Business report

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26
Q

its main purpose is to communicate relevant information succinctly
and efficiently

A

Business report

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27
Q
  • it is often written in response to an executive of the company, and
    often takes the form of a memo with the report attached.
A

Business report

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28
Q

Situational example
- a company manager who is concerned about undue wastage in the
packaging department might request the OIC of the Packaging
Department to look into the issue and to submit a report that
highlights the problems and recommend solutions

A

Business report

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29
Q

The format of a business report

It usually includes the following five elements:

  • T____ of contents
  • e________ summary
  • B_____
  • findings/R__________________
  • c__________
A
  • table of contents
  • executive summary
  • body
  • findings/recommendations
  • conclusion
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30
Q

The format of a business report

– it should be arranged according to the headings and subheadings of
your report (University of Newcastle, 2016)

A

Table of contents

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31
Q

The format of a business report

it states the purpose of the report

A

Executive Summary

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32
Q

The format of a business report

It describes the methodology used (conducted interviews, circulated a
questionnaire, or carried out independent research, etc.)

A

Executive Summary

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33
Q

The format of a business report

It lists the key points and findings found in the report

A

Executive Summary

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34
Q

The format of a business report

It provides details of the evaluation process

A

Body

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35
Q

The format of a business report

It described in detail the methodology used to investigate the issue

A

Body

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36
Q

The format of a business report

It identifies particular issues that impacted the evaluation

A

Body

37
Q

The format of a business report

It includes any relevant tables and/or diagrams

A

Body

38
Q

The format of a business report

It identifies and discusses/describes the key findings

A

Key findings/ recommendations

39
Q

The format of a business report

It makes your recommendations

A

Key findings/ recommendations

40
Q

The format of a business report

It summarizes your findings and relate back to original issue that has
given rise to the report

A

conclusion

41
Q
  • It provides a record of your developing expertise and are a legal
    record of your work and decision making
A

technical report

42
Q

It communicates a solution to a problem, recommends action and aids
decision making

A

technical report

43
Q

The format of a technical report

It usually includes the following elements

  • T_____ page
  • S_______
  • Table of contents
  • Introduction
  • Body
  • F______, tables, equation and f_________
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendations
  • R____________
  • A___________
A

The format of a technical report

It usually includes the following elements

  • Title page
  • Summary
  • Table of contents
  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Figures, tables, equation and formulae
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendations
  • References
  • Appendices
44
Q

The format of a technical report

It is the page at the beginning of a work that indicates the title,
author’s or editor’s name and the publication information, usually the
publisher and the place and date of publication.

A

Title Page

45
Q

The format of a technical report

  • It includes a brief overview of your investigation, outcomes and
    recommendations
A

Summary ( abstract )

46
Q

The format of a technical report

It includes key information about your full report

A

Summary ( abstract )

47
Q

The format of a technical report

  • it should be arranged according to the headings and subheadings of
    your report (University of Newcastle, 2016)
A

Table of contents

48
Q

The format of a technical report

It provides context for the problem being addressed

A

Introduction

49
Q

The format of a technical report

it discusses relevant previous research and states your aim or
hypothesis

A

Introduction

50
Q

Introduction

To help, consider these questions:

  • what have you i___________?
  • How does your study fit into the c_________ l____________?
  • What have previous studies found in the area?
  • Why is it w_______ investigating?
  • What was the e___________ about?
  • W___ did you do it?
  • What did you expect to learn from it?
A

To help, consider these questions:

  • what have you investigated?
  • How does your study fit into the current literature?
  • What have previous studies found in the area?
  • Why is it worth investigating?
  • What was the experiment about?
  • Why did you do it?
  • What did you expect to learn from it?
51
Q

The format of a technical report

  • It is structured according to the needs of your reader and the nature
    of the project
A

Body

52
Q

The format of a technical report

  • The writer decides how to structure it and what to include
A

Body

53
Q

Body

To help, consider these questions:

  • What does the reader need to k____ first?
  • What is the most l_________ way to develop the story of the project?
A
  • What does the reader need to know first?
  • What is the most logical way to develop the story of the project?
54
Q

The format of a technical report

  • Technical reports include a mixture of text, tables, figures and
    formulae
A

Figures, tables, equations and formulae

55
Q

The format of a technical report

  • Consider how you can present the information best for your reader
A

Figures, tables, equations and formulae

56
Q

The format of a technical report

  • Would a table or figure help to convey your ideas more effectively
    than a paragraph describing the same data?
A

Figures, tables, equations and formulae

57
Q

The format of a technical report

  • It mirrors your introduction
A

Conclusion

58
Q

The format of a technical report

  • It refers to your aims
A

Conclusion

59
Q

The format of a technical report

It summarizes your key findings

A

Conclusion

60
Q

The format of a technical report

It states your major outcomes and highlight their significance

A

Conclusion

61
Q

The format of a technical report

It identifies and discusses/describes the key findings

A

Recommendations

62
Q

The format of a technical report

It makes your recommendations

A

Recommendations

63
Q

The format of a technical report

Acknowledge all the information and ideas you’ve incorporated from
other sources into your paper using a consistent referencing style.
This includes data, tables and figures

A

References

64
Q

The format of a technical report

If you have data that is too detailed or lengthy to include in the report
itself, include it in the appendix

A

Appendices

65
Q

The format of a technical report

Your reader can then choose to refer to it if they are interested

A

Appendices

66
Q

The format of a technical report

Label your appendix with a number or a letter, a title and refer to it
the text, e.g. for a full list of construction phases, see appendix A

A

Appendices

67
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about testimonial evidence?

it often involved measures such as averages and percentages
it analyzes large sets of data
it is considered subjective because it relies on opinion
it provides quantifiable data or information

A

it is considered subjective because it relies on opinion

68
Q

RUSS: I believe that climate change is primarily caused by human activities based on the consensus of scientific research

GWEN: Well, my uncle is prominent scientist, and he says climate change is a hoax. I trust his expertise over those other scientists.

a. Appeal to Belief
b. Appeal to Emotion
c. Appeal to Authority

A

a. Appeal to Belief

69
Q

KARL: I believe we should implement stricter immigration policies to protect our economy and national security.

JIMI: These immigrants are fleeing from war and poverty. We need to show compassion and welcome them with open arms.

a. Appeal to Emotion
b. Appeal to Authority
c. Appeal to Belief

A

a. Appeal to Emotion

70
Q

GLEN: I think we should invest more in renewable energy sources to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

LURE: Why should we listen to you? You failed your science class last semester.

a. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque
b. Ad Hominem

A

b. Ad Hominem

71
Q

THERA: You shouldn’t be smoking. It’s harmful to your health, and it sets a bad example for your children.

HERA: Oh please, you’re one to talk. I’ve seen you smoke every day. Don’t lecture me about health.

a. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque
b. Ad Hominem

A

a. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque

72
Q

ADVERTISEMENT: But this luxury car and experience true happiness. Feel the thrill of power, the envy of others and the joy of success. You deserve it!

a. Appeal to Emotion
b. Appeal to Authority
c. Appeal to Belief

A

a. Appeal to Emotion

73
Q

DEYRA: I think we should adopt this new diet plan. It’s endosed by a famous celebrity and all the magazines are talking about it.

SHEVA: if the celebrity says it works, then it must be effective. I trust the judgement and expertise.

a. Appeal to Emotion
b. Appeal to Authority
c. Appeal to Belief

A

b. Appeal to Authority

74
Q

CLINTON: I think we should consider raising the minimum wage to help lower-income workers.

GREGOR: Of course, you would say that. You’re just a lazy socialist who wants to take money from hardworking people.

a. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque
b. Ad Hominem

A

b. Ad Hominem

75
Q

A. an argument consists of two parts: claim or statement, and evidence and reasons.

B. An argument presents a coherent series of reasons or facts intended to support a view.

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

b. if both statements are true

76
Q

A. A report does not include a detailed description of an event, a situation, or the like.

B. Business reports and technical reports are examples of documented statements.

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

c. If only the second statement is true

77
Q

A. Ad Hominem occurs when an argument is rejected by another because the person giving the arguments lacks consistency nor gives evident that he or she is doing or following his or her own argument

B. Ad Hominem Tu Quoque happens when a person attacks another person citing an argument instead of commenting about the expressed argument.

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

a. if both statements are false

78
Q

A. Technical Reports include a mixture of text, tables and figures.

B. Business reports involve the evaluation of a particular issue of a business

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

b. if both statements are true

79
Q

A. Introduction acknowledges all the information incorporated from various sources into the paper using a consistent referencing style.

B. The conclusion mirrors the introduction, refers to aims, summarizes key findings, and states major outcomes and their significance.

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

c. If only the second statement is true

80
Q

A. Table of contents, Executive summary and conclusion are the only elements of a business report.

B. Introduction, Body, Conclusion, Recommendations are the only elements of a technical report.

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

a. if both statements are false

81
Q

A. Executive summary provides details of the evaluation process and describes in detail the methodology used in the conduct of the paper.

B. Recommendations include relevant tables, figures, or diagrams in the presentation of data gathered or results collected

a. if both statements are false
b. if both statements are true
c. If only the second statement is true
d. If only the first statement is true

A

a. if both statements are false

82
Q

It communicates a solution to a problem, recommends actions and aids decision making

A

technical; report

83
Q

it involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of numerical data to draw meaningful conclusions or make informed decisions

A

statistical evidence

84
Q

It serves as a mean of conveying important information to stakeholders, managers, or colleagues in a clear and organized manner

A

business report

85
Q

it expresses an information or data from experts and authorities in certain fields. trusted or competent people give clarification or observation

A

testimonial evidence

86
Q

it is commonly used in academic, professional, and business settings to communicate findings, project, updates, market analysis, financial and other relevant information

A

report

87
Q

it refers to factual information, data or proof and is used to provide support and credibility to a statement.

A

evidence

88
Q

it is a flaw or error in reasoning that makes an argument invalid or unsound. It can be deceptive or misleading although it often appears plausible at first glance

A

fallacy

Oral Communication (2 decks)

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