FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Crime-related information retrieved from an electronic device.
Digital evidence:
A cell phone that has voice and
text messaging capabilities but is not able to connect to the Internet. They are called burner phones because they
are inexpensive and thus easily disposable.
Burner phone:
A device that when connected to a locked smartphone makes repeated guesses at passcodes until it is successful and the phone is unlocked.
GrayKey:
A brand of software/hardware used to extract data from the memory of cell phones and other electronic devices.
Cellebrite:
An identifying number that is associated with a computer or other device that can access the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP) address:
Access to the content of phones requires a search warrant, consent, or exigent circumstances.
Cellebrite technology Is most often used to extract data from phones.
Cell/smartphones
Digital/video cameras
Desktop and laptop computers
Game consoles (e.g., PlayStation)
File storage (hard drive, thumb drive, optical media)
Internet of things (IoT) devices (e.g., smart home devices, Amazon Alexa)
Wearables (e.g., smartwatches)
digital evidence
A way by which citizens can provide information about crimes to the police via phone or Internet.
tip lines
An alert designed to notify citizens of
a child abduction; an acronym
for America’s Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response.
AMBER Alert:
An alert designed to notify patrons and shoppers of a missing child in a store or other business.
code Adam
Security surveillance camera video displayed on a television monitor and often recorded via a digital recorder.
Closed circuit television (CCTV):
Persons who assist law enforcement in an active and ongoing capacity, often in drug investigations, and often for some personal benefit.
Confidential informants:
Criminal organizations that most often operate in neighborhoods but may be represented nationwide; street gangs are heavily involved in drug trafficking and violent criminal behavior.
Street gangs:
Organizations oriented around the use of motorcycles and criminal conduct.
Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs):
The largest crime information network system in the United States; maintained by
the FBI.
National Crime Information Center (NCIC):
A national crime information network that contains information on vehicle registrations, criminal records, and sex offender registrations as well as other information.
National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (NLETS):
A national crime
The science of mental phenomena relating to ESP, telepathy, etc.; this field is outside the traditional study of psychology.
Parapsychology:
Injuries sustained by a victim when attempting to protect or defend himself or herself.
defense wounds
- Who is the decedent?
- What was the cause of the death?
- If the death is the result of a homicide, who is the offender?
Three basic questions are relevant in death investigations:
The actions and injuries that led to a person’s death, such as gunshot wounds, stab wounds, and so forth.
cause of death
particles that are discharged from a gun when it is fired
gunshot residue
Cause of death that occurs when a person is prevented from breathing, such as when strangled.
Asphyxia
An indicator of strangulation death where small red dots appear in the inner surface of the eyelids, the whites of the eyes, or other skin surfaces
Petechial hemorrhages:
