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HESI318T > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

On theory and canoe/kayak skills

1
Q

What does adventure leadership consist of? (3)

A
  1. Adventure Recreation
  2. Environmental Education
  3. Experiential Learning
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2
Q

What should leadership focus on?

A

the group

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3
Q

Fundamental Responsibilities of Outdoor Leaders

ranked from most important to least important

A
  1. Minimize Risk
  2. Minimize Impact
  3. Maximize Learning
  4. Maximize Fun
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4
Q

Foundations of Effective Leadership

leadership stool

A

technical, interpersonal, and judgment skills

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5
Q

technical skills

A

Combination of physical abilities + knowledge necessary for a given activity

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6
Q

Interpersonal Skills

with examples

A

The psychological and communication abilities that comprise interpersonal skills are vital to the efficacy of all social interactions.
● Communication
● Expedition Behavior
● Leadership Style
● Judgment
● Decision Making
● Crisis Management
● Facilitation
● Teaching
● Empathy
● Group Dynamics
● Self Awareness
● Sense of Humor

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7
Q

Judgment Skills

with examples

A

The capacity to evaluate and draw conclusions.
(The application of the other two skills.)
● Awareness of your environment
● Awareness of your group
● Awareness of yourself
● Capacity for working with incomplete information
● Understanding of different decision-making
process
● Calm attitude
● Ability to envision the desired outcome

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8
Q

Directing

Leadership Style

A

Leader makes decisions and informs participants

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9
Q

Selling

Leadership Style

A

Leader makes decision, but has discussion with participants

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10
Q

Participating

Leadership Style

A

Leader and participants make joint decision

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11
Q

Delegating

Leadership Style

A

Participants make decision within limits defined by the leader

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12
Q

What type of leadership should you use as a trip leader?

A

conditional leadership
where you adapt your leadership style to meet the needs of the group and situation

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13
Q

Core Technical Skills

A

Not Activity-Specific Skills
● Trip Planning
● First-Aid
● Crisis Response
● Risk Management
● Leave No Trace
● Navigation

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14
Q

Task behavior (directive behavior)

A

one way communication from leader to participants

highest in directing

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15
Q

Relationship behavior (supportive behavior)

A

two way conversation and development of personal bonds between leaders and participants

highest in delegating

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16
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Basecamp: Physiological Needs
Camp 1: Safety Needs
Camp 2: Belonging Needs
Camp 3: Esteem Needs
Summit: Self-Actualization

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17
Q

Physiological Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

food, water, shelter

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18
Q

Safety Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

freedom from danger

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19
Q

Belonging Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

strong relationships

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20
Q

Esteem Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Respect for self and others

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21
Q

Self Actualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Doing what one is meant to do

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22
Q

comfort circle

A
  1. comfort zone
  2. stretch zone
  3. panic zone
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23
Q

stages of group development

A
  1. forming
  2. storming
  3. norming
  4. performing
  5. adjorning
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24
Q

forming

stages of group development

A

● The group first comes together to meet, so things
are uncertain and anxious.
● Everyone is nice, friendly, and polite
● Forming basic relationships with one another while
looking for connections
● “Honeymoon phase” – avoid conflict

Directing

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25
Q

Storming

stages of group development

A

● As the group gets more comfortable opening up,
conflict and competition arise and lead to
frustration and tension
● Group members rebel against the leader and/or
challenge one another over opinions
● Necessary state for groups to reach maturity

Selling/Participating

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26
Q

Norming

stages of group development

A

● As the group works out their differences they start
to acknowledge each other’s talents and ideas
● Team approach – people acknowledge their
interdependence and establish norms for
communicating and coping with conflict
● Recommit to a common group goal

Participating

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27
Q

Performing

stages of group development

A

● As a mature community, the group works together to
accomplish goals and deal effectively with conflict
● They reach peak productivity and efficiency,
delegating tasks instead of all needing to weigh in
on everything
● Disagreements are tolerated and members feels
well-supported

Delegating

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28
Q

Adjourning

stages of group development

A

● Group momentum slows down as they hang onto the
experience and grieve its ending.
● Members start to feel sad and focus on goodbyes and
recognition.
● Group is emotionally fragile as they come to terms
with how to let go and move forward.

Directing

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29
Q

Expedition Behavior (EB)

A

“Backcountry teamwork”

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30
Q

10 principles of good EB

A
  1. Self-Awareness
  2. Self-Leadership
  3. Selflessness
  4. Commitment
  5. Tolerance
  6. Consideration
  7. Trust
  8. Communication
  9. Humility
  10. Sense of humor
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31
Q

signs of bad EB

A

Rationalization, Blaming, Regressing

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32
Q

Leave No Trace

A
  1. Plan ahead and prepare
  2. Travel and camp on durable surfaces
  3. Dispose of waste properly
  4. Leave what you find
  5. Minimize campfire impacts
  6. Respect wildlife
  7. Be considerate of other visitors
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33
Q

30/30 Lightning Rule

A

If thunder is heard within 30 seconds off, take precautions and get into lightning position; wait for 30 minutes after last thunder to resume activity

34
Q
A
35
Q

strike danger zone

A

storm is within 6 miles (30 seconds or less between seeing lightning and hearing thunder)

36
Q

Who yeilds for horses?

A

bikers, hikers

37
Q

Who do bikers yeild for?

A

horses, hikers

38
Q

distance from water to dispose of waste

A

200 ft

39
Q

Awareness: Leader’s Radar

A

environment, group, self

40
Q

DECIDE model

A

Define the problem
Educate yourself
Consider your options
Identify your choice
Design a plan to carry out your choice
Evaluate the decision

41
Q

3 Foundations of Effective Communication

A

empathy, acceptance, authenticity

42
Q

noise

A

Anything that interferes with sending, receiving, or understanding of a message
● External (environment)
● Internal (inside head)
● Semantic (jargon)

43
Q

How do you grow from unaware, unable to aware, unable?

A

feedback

44
Q

How do you grow from aware, unable to aware, able?

A

training

45
Q

How do you grow from unaware, able to aware, able?

A

mentoring

46
Q

Radical Candor

2 components

A

Care Personally + Challenge Directly

ex. whispeirng “your fly is down”

47
Q

Methods of Feedback

A

Affrimative, Growth, Personal

48
Q

Hazard Factors

A

environmental, location, season/climate, equipment, human

49
Q

Safety Factors

A

equipment, people, safety protocols

50
Q

Kolb’s Cycle of Learning

A

Concrete Experience > Reflective Obsevation (“What?”) > Abstract Conceptualization (“So what?”) > Active Experimentation (“Now what?”)

51
Q

Primary Learning Styles of Outdoor Instruction

A

Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Tactile

use a variety when teaching!

52
Q

back of canoe

A

stern

53
Q

front of canoe

A

bow

54
Q

sides of canoe

A

hull

55
Q

bottom point of canoe

A

kneel

56
Q

tip of paddle

A

tip

57
Q

flat spoon shaped thing on paddle

A

blade

58
Q

next to blade of paddle

A

throat

59
Q

between throat and T grip

on a paddle

A

shaft

60
Q

What you hold onto

on a paddle

A

grip

61
Q

4-3-2-1 Kit (river)

A

○ 4 carabiners
○ 3 pulleys
○ 2 prusiks
○ 1 flip line
○ 1 throw rope

62
Q

Eddy

A

calm area on river

63
Q

upstream V

A

one rock with water flowing around it
.
∧

64
Q

downstream V

A

two rocks with water flowing in between it
. .
V

65
Q

Hydraulics / Holes

in rivers

A

makes a whirlpool type thing

66
Q

Low-Head Dams

in rivers

A

a manufactured structure extending fully across the bank that causes backwash below it

67
Q

strainers

in rivers

A

River obstructions that allow water to flow through them, but which block or “strain” people and boats

68
Q

Can you walk in a river?

A

NO your foot can get stuck under a rock and then your head can get pulled under from the current and then you drown :(

69
Q

defensive swimming

A

on your back, feet up and back paddle
with the current

70
Q

aggressive swimming

A

against the current
crawl stroke on tummy with head up

71
Q

When do you use a pod?

A

when running rapids or crossing a channel

72
Q

rings on a kyak paddle that you can adjust and that prevent your hands from getting as wet

A

drip rings

73
Q

little bucket things in kyaks that can hold stuff

A

drop hatch

74
Q

low tide

A

currents away from ocean

75
Q

high tide

A

currents towards the ocean

76
Q

Slack Tide

A

the time right before and right after high/low tide where
no change is seen (20-30 minutes)

77
Q

Ebb tide

A

in between high and low tide where the strongest tidal force is felt

78
Q

When should you wear wetsuits?

A

Water temp < 60 degrees
Water + air temp < 120 degrees

79
Q

What angle do you cross a channel at?

A

A right angle

80
Q

What boats have the right of way?

A

larger boats

HESI318T (2 decks)

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