final exam

Question 1

what are some questions that would be expected to be included in a case history form

Answer 1

medical conditions, date of last hearing test, age, occupation, history of ear infections, prescriptions, hearing history, and medication use

Question 2

infants case histories should include _ factors

Answer 2

prenatal and perinatal, and hearing screening completed after birth

Question 3

what are some prenatal factors we would want to gather from an infant case history

Answer 3

maternal infections during pregnancy, maternal history of gestational diabetes, TORCH infections, maternal substance abuse during pregnancy

Question 4

what are the torch infections we look to know about in infant case histories

Answer 4

toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes

Question 5

what are some perinatal factors that should be included in an infant case history

Answer 5

prematurity, low birth weight, lack of oxygen, prolonged labor, jaundice, NICU stay

Question 6

when gathering infant case histories we want information about hearing screening completed after birth including

Answer 6

what type of testing was done, when was the testing done, did the child pass or fail, and what additional recommendations were made

Question 7

__ history is especially important in this population because __ to __ % of hearing loss is genetic in origin

Answer 7

family ; 50-60%

Question 8

in toddler case histories there should be an emphasis on

Answer 8

history of ear infections, allergies, medications, history of trauma, prior surgeries, seizer disorders

Question 9

list some behaviors you should ask about in a toddler case history

Answer 9

listening to the TV too loud, difficulty accurately following directions, difficulty responding to questions, inattentiveness, academic issues in preschool

Question 10

for school aged case histories it is important to acquire information in

Answer 10

different ways

Question 11

what are some different ways to gather Information about children in the school-aged range

Answer 11

teacher interview, hearing inventories, IEP team and the IEP itself, classwork samples

Question 12

what are some questions to ask in adult hearing status portions of case histories

Answer 12

can you describe the hearing problem, how long have you noticed this problem, was it a sudden or gradual onset

Question 13

what are some questions related to assistive devices you can gather in adult case histories

Answer 13

do you use a hearing aid or other assistive device, is the device functioning properly, do you benefit from using the device

Question 14

what are some questions related to hearing history that should be gathered in a adult case histories

Answer 14

is there an occupational or recreational history of noise exposure, is there a family history of late-onset hearing loss, do you experience headaches or dizziness

Question 15

what questions related to medical history should be asked in an adult case history

Answer 15

do you have diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, stroke, tbi, or take ototoxic meds

Question 16

hand help tool with a speculum and light source

Answer 16

otoscope

Question 17

what is an otoscopic evaluation

Answer 17

evaluation of the ear canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

Question 18

what are some things we are looking for in an otoscopic evaluation

Answer 18

clear/unobstructed ear canal, presence of absence of excessive cerumen, landmarks of the tympanic membrane, typical color and appearance of each structure

Question 19

this test can determine whether a hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural in nature

Answer 19

tuning fork test

Question 20

list the two types of tuning fork tests

Answer 20

rinne test and weber test

Question 21

used to directly compare air conduction to bone conduction

Answer 21

rinne test

Question 22

used to lateralize hearing loss

Answer 22

weber test

Question 23

where is the tuning fork placed during the weber test

Answer 23

a the midline of the head

Question 24

where is the tuning fork placed during the ring test

Answer 24

touching patient’s mastoid process, and 1 cm from the external auditory canal

Question 25

during a ring test _ will be louder than _ in both patients with normal hearing and a sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 25

AC will be louder than BC

Question 26

_ will be louder than _ in patients with conductive hearing loss

Answer 26

BC will be louder that AC

Question 27

For a weber test, if unilateral conductive HL, noise will be heard louder in _ ear

Answer 27

affected

Question 28

For a weber test if unilateral sensorineural HL, will be heard louder in _ ear

Answer 28

better

Question 29

For a weber test, if bilateral HL will sound the same in _ ears

Answer 29

both

Question 30

if no hearing loss, during a weber test sound will sound the same in _ ears

Answer 30

both

Question 31

What is the key hearing test to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual

Answer 31

pure tone audiometry

Question 32

pure tone audiometry tells us what about hearing loss

Answer 32

degree, type, and configuration

Question 33

pure tone audiometry is a _ behavioral measurement because it relies on patients' responses to stimuli

Answer 33

subjective

Question 34

what materials are needed for a pure tone audiometry

Answer 34

pure tone audiometer. headphones with bone conduction element, and a sound actuated booth

Question 35

for a pure tone audiometry test we start at _ Hz and _ dB `

Answer 35

1000 Hz and 40 dB

Question 36

every time the patient can hear the sound decrease by _ dB

Answer 36

10

Question 37

every time the client cannot hear the sound increase by _ dB

Answer 37

5

Question 38

how do we compute the pure tone average

Answer 38

average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz tones thresholds

Question 39

when a better ear might inadvertently assist the more affect ear we can use

Answer 39

making which is a noise in the better ear

Question 40

if two of the patient's back-to-back testing frequencies have a difference of 25 dB or more, _ _should be tested too

Answer 40

mid frequencies

Question 41

Normal hearing has a range of

Answer 41

-10 to +15 dB

Question 42

Minimal hearing loss has a range of

Answer 42

16 to 25 dB

Question 43

Mild hearing loss has a range of

Answer 43

26 to 40 dB

Question 44

Moderate hearing loss has a range of

Answer 44

41-55 dB

Question 45

moderate to severe hearing loss has a range of

Answer 45

56- 70 dB

Question 46

severe hearing loss has a range of

Answer 46

71-90 dB

Question 47

Profound hearing loss occurs at what dB level

Answer 47

> 90 dB

Question 48

In a high frequency hearing loss what speech sounds may not be heard as clearly by a listener

Answer 48

f, th, s

Question 49

in a low frequency hearing loss what are some speech sounds that may not be heard as clearly by a listener

Answer 49

nasals, vowels, v,z, d,b

Question 50

in a mid frequency hearing loss what are some speech sounds that may not be heard as clearly

Answer 50

sh, ch, p, h, g,k

Question 51

what are the two limitations of pure tone audiometry

Answer 51

less sensitive in early stages of hearing loss and it cannot diagnose retrocochlear pathologies or auditory path issues

Question 52

what are some of the strengths of a pure tone audiometry test

Answer 52

it can identify type, pattern, and severity of a loss, gain frequency specific info, and it extremely useful for differential diagnosis

Question 53

allows audiologies to assess how well a client can hear and understand speech

Answer 53

speech audiometry

Question 54

how does speech audiometry differ from pure tone audiometry

Answer 54

the stimuli used

Question 55

what are some things that speech audiometry allows audiologists to do

Answer 55

cross-check pure tone threshold, confirm the type of hearing loss, confirm the degree of hearing loss, make better suggestions when choosing hearing aids, identify functional hearing loss, identify site of lesion

Question 56

what is the objective of a speech audiometry test

Answer 56

client has to produce the words they heard in a recorded speech same or say whether or not they heard speech

Question 57

how is speech audiometry conducted in kids or nonspeaking individuals

Answer 57

can respond by point to word they heard from a field of images

Question 58

how are word lists complied for speech audiometry tests

Answer 58

spondee words and phonemically balanced words

Question 59

a two-syllable word with relatively equal stress on both syllables; compound words like baseball

Answer 59

spondee words

Question 60

word lists that have been statistically analyzed for the percentage of representation of phones in the list. this repression matches the representation of these phonemes in the English language

Answer 60

phonemically balanced

Question 61

lowest level at which the presence of speech signal can be detected 50% of the time

Answer 61

speech detection threshold

Question 62

lowest level at which the speech signal can be recognized 50% of the time

Answer 62

speech reception threshold

Question 63

decibel level at which client subjectively prefers to listen to speech; can be monaural and binaural

Answer 63

most comfortable listening level

Question 64

decibel level at which speech becomes uncomfortable loud for client

Answer 64

uncomfortable listening level

Question 65

tests tell audiologists with an estimate of how ell client can understand speech when it's at a comfortably loud level

Answer 65

word discrimination testing

Question 66

tells audiologist how well client's can hear sounds in noisier environments

Answer 66

speech-in-noise testing

Question 67

helps us to understand the flow of energy through the hearing system

Answer 67

immittance audiometry

Question 68

ease with which energy flows through a system

Answer 68

compliance

Question 69

resistance to energy flow through a system

Answer 69

impedance

Question 70

immittance audiometry looks at impedance properties of what parts of the ear

Answer 70

ossicular chain, intra-aural muscles, and atmospheric conditions of the middle ear

Question 71

if there is high impedance than energy passed is _ energy reflected is _ and compliance is _

Answer 71

low high low

Question 72

if there is low impedance than energy passed is _ energy reflected is _ and compliance is _

Answer 72

high low high

Question 73

what are the two types of immittance audiometry

Answer 73

tympanometry and retroflexometry

Question 74

measures how the tympanic membrane moves as pressure is pushed into and pulled out of the ear

Answer 74

tympanometry

Question 75

tells us the compliance of the eardrum

Answer 75

tympanometry

Question 76

what is a benefit of tympanometry

Answer 76

there is no behavioral response needed by the client they just need to sit still during the examination

Question 77

A type A tympanogram shows

Answer 77

typical movement of the tympanic membrane

Question 78

A type Ad tympanogram with a centralized high peak shows

Answer 78

a potential break in the ossicular chain resulting in higher compliance of the tympanic membrane

Question 79

A type As tympanogram shows a centralized small peak which shows

Answer 79

possified calcified stapes, otosclerosis, or a middle ear infection. All pathologies that would result in a less compliant tympanic membrane

Question 80

a type C tympanogram with a shifted from center peak shows us

Answer 80

a retracted tympanic membrane. It usually indicated that there is Eustachian tube dysfunction but the peak is at a negative spot because the pressure was negative to begin with

Question 81

a type B tympanogram with no peak suggests

Answer 81

high amounts of fluid in the middle ear

Question 82

identifies the threshold at which muscles of the middle ear contract by measuring change in immittance with intensity

Answer 82

retroflexometry

Question 83

the main goal of retroflexometry is to tell us when sounds are too

Answer 83

intense

Question 84

retroflexometry can be tested _ OR _

Answer 84

ipsilaterally or contra laterally

Question 85

this test can have results that help diagnose retrocochlear pathologies

Answer 85

retroflexometry

Question 86

what are the functions of immittance audiometry

Answer 86

detecting middle ear pathologies, differentiating cochlear from retrococohlear pathologies, estimate sensitive, and cross-check with pure tone results

Question 87

what are two advantages to immittance audiometry

Answer 87

it is non-invasive and non-behavioral

Question 88

sounds that are generated by the cochlea

Answer 88

otoacoustic emissions

Question 89

cannot tell us hearing sensitivity, but rather physical features of the ear

Answer 89

otoacoustic emissions

Question 90

what is the purpose of otoacoustic emissions

Answer 90

to determine cochlear status aka hair cell function

Question 91

measures neural response as a result of an auditory stimulus

Answer 91

auditory brainstem response

Question 92

this test is usually measured in latency and amplitude and can give a good estimation of a hearing loss level and type

Answer 92

auditory brainstem response

Question 93

what are the three primary types of hearing aids

Answer 93

behind the ear, in the ear, and completely in canal

Question 94

what are some common features of hearing aids

Answer 94

digital for increased clarity, directional microphone for improved speech understanding in noise, feedback cancellation to prevent whistling or buzzing, and streamng via bluetooth to connect to devices

Question 95

what are the parts of a hearing aid

Answer 95

battery, programming buttons, microphone, speaker, amplifier

Question 96

what are some things audiologists should consider when choosing and programming hearing aids for clients

Answer 96

severity and type of hearing loss, the clients most comfortable hearing less and their uncomfortable hearing level, the frequency of the hearing loss, and the desired features and look of the hearing aid

Question 97

if hearing aids are not working we first

Answer 97

check the battery

Question 98

if there is a lot of feed back from a hearing aid we should

Answer 98

improve the fit in the ear canal and check for any excess cerumen, may even turn down the overall volume of the hearing aid

Question 99

if hearing aids are uncomfortable we should

Answer 99

check the fit of the aid in the canal and check for excess cerumen

Question 100

if the hearing aid sounds distorted we should

Answer 100

check the battery contacts and programming settings

Question 101

bone anchored hearing aids are attached to the

Answer 101

mastoid

Question 102

surgically implanted device that can improve hearing for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss and limited benefit from hearing aids

Answer 102

cochlear implants

Question 103

what are the parts of a cochlear implant

Answer 103

external speech processor, transmitting coil and wire, and the internal receiver/stimulator

Question 104

have never had the skill of hearing

Answer 104

aural habilitation

Question 105

had the skill of hearing, lost it, and are trying to get it back

Answer 105

aural rehabilitation

Question 106

habilitation follows the frame work of auditory development which is

Answer 106

detection, discrimination, identification, and comprehension

Question 107

other than the four frameworks what are other things that sips can work on for aural habilitation

Answer 107

interpreting prosody, listening in background noise, using visual cues, improving verbal speech, understanding and using speech, managing devices

Question 108

focuses on improving functional hearing and quality of life

Answer 108

aural rehabilitation

Question 109

aural rehabilitation tends to stress things outside of speech such as

Answer 109

self-advocacy, hearing protection, communication with significant others, and modifying listening environment

Question 110

thin loops of wire that encircle whole spaces

Answer 110

induction loop systems

Question 111

use radio to transmit amplified sounds and is very common in classrooms

Answer 111

fm systems

Question 112

transmits sound via infrared light, and works like an induction loop but can't go through walls

Answer 112

infrared hearing system

Question 113

an infrared hearing system usually has parts including

Answer 113

audio source, infrared radiator, and listening receivers

Question 114

often used when other types of assistive technology are not available and increase overall sound level and reduce background noise

Answer 114

personal amplifiers

Question 115

converts speech to. text that the listener can read instead of hearing on the phone

Answer 115

teletypewriter machines

Question 116

devices that traditionally use sound to signal something to us have alternatives that instead use visual or tactile means

Answer 116

visual alert signalers ex. fire alarms, alarm clocks, door bells etc.