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Intro to Audiology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are some questions that would be expected to be included in a case history form

A

medical conditions, date of last hearing test, age, occupation, history of ear infections, prescriptions, hearing history, and medication use

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2
Q

infants case histories should include _ factors

A

prenatal and perinatal, and hearing screening completed after birth

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3
Q

what are some prenatal factors we would want to gather from an infant case history

A

maternal infections during pregnancy, maternal history of gestational diabetes, TORCH infections, maternal substance abuse during pregnancy

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4
Q

what are the torch infections we look to know about in infant case histories

A

toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes

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5
Q

what are some perinatal factors that should be included in an infant case history

A

prematurity, low birth weight, lack of oxygen, prolonged labor, jaundice, NICU stay

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6
Q

when gathering infant case histories we want information about hearing screening completed after birth including

A

what type of testing was done, when was the testing done, did the child pass or fail, and what additional recommendations were made

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7
Q

__ history is especially important in this population because __ to __ % of hearing loss is genetic in origin

A

family ; 50-60%

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8
Q

in toddler case histories there should be an emphasis on

A

history of ear infections, allergies, medications, history of trauma, prior surgeries, seizer disorders

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9
Q

list some behaviors you should ask about in a toddler case history

A

listening to the TV too loud, difficulty accurately following directions, difficulty responding to questions, inattentiveness, academic issues in preschool

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10
Q

for school aged case histories it is important to acquire information in

A

different ways

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11
Q

what are some different ways to gather Information about children in the school-aged range

A

teacher interview, hearing inventories, IEP team and the IEP itself, classwork samples

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12
Q

what are some questions to ask in adult hearing status portions of case histories

A

can you describe the hearing problem, how long have you noticed this problem, was it a sudden or gradual onset

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13
Q

what are some questions related to assistive devices you can gather in adult case histories

A

do you use a hearing aid or other assistive device, is the device functioning properly, do you benefit from using the device

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14
Q

what are some questions related to hearing history that should be gathered in a adult case histories

A

is there an occupational or recreational history of noise exposure, is there a family history of late-onset hearing loss, do you experience headaches or dizziness

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15
Q

what questions related to medical history should be asked in an adult case history

A

do you have diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, stroke, tbi, or take ototoxic meds

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16
Q

hand help tool with a speculum and light source

A

otoscope

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17
Q

what is an otoscopic evaluation

A

evaluation of the ear canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

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18
Q

what are some things we are looking for in an otoscopic evaluation

A

clear/unobstructed ear canal, presence of absence of excessive cerumen, landmarks of the tympanic membrane, typical color and appearance of each structure

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19
Q

this test can determine whether a hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural in nature

A

tuning fork test

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20
Q

list the two types of tuning fork tests

A

rinne test and weber test

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21
Q

used to directly compare air conduction to bone conduction

A

rinne test

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22
Q

used to lateralize hearing loss

A

weber test

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23
Q

where is the tuning fork placed during the weber test

A

a the midline of the head

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24
Q

where is the tuning fork placed during the ring test

A

touching patient’s mastoid process, and 1 cm from the external auditory canal

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25
Q

during a ring test _ will be louder than _ in both patients with normal hearing and a sensorineural hearing loss

A

AC will be louder than BC

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26
Q

_ will be louder than _ in patients with conductive hearing loss

A

BC will be louder that AC

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27
Q

For a weber test, if unilateral conductive HL, noise will be heard louder in _ ear

A

affected

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28
Q

For a weber test if unilateral sensorineural HL, will be heard louder in _ ear

A

better

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29
Q

For a weber test, if bilateral HL will sound the same in _ ears

A

both

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30
Q

if no hearing loss, during a weber test sound will sound the same in _ ears

A

both

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31
Q

What is the key hearing test to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual

A

pure tone audiometry

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32
Q

pure tone audiometry tells us what about hearing loss

A

degree, type, and configuration

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33
Q

pure tone audiometry is a _ behavioral measurement because it relies on patients’ responses to stimuli

A

subjective

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34
Q

what materials are needed for a pure tone audiometry

A

pure tone audiometer. headphones with bone conduction element, and a sound actuated booth

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35
Q

for a pure tone audiometry test we start at _ Hz and _ dB `

A

1000 Hz and 40 dB

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36
Q

every time the patient can hear the sound decrease by _ dB

A

10

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37
Q

every time the client cannot hear the sound increase by _ dB

A

5

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38
Q

how do we compute the pure tone average

A

average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz tones thresholds

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39
Q

when a better ear might inadvertently assist the more affect ear we can use

A

making which is a noise in the better ear

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40
Q

if two of the patient’s back-to-back testing frequencies have a difference of 25 dB or more, _ _should be tested too

A

mid frequencies

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41
Q

Normal hearing has a range of

A

-10 to +15 dB

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42
Q

Minimal hearing loss has a range of

A

16 to 25 dB

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43
Q

Mild hearing loss has a range of

A

26 to 40 dB

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44
Q

Moderate hearing loss has a range of

A

41-55 dB

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45
Q

moderate to severe hearing loss has a range of

A

56- 70 dB

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46
Q

severe hearing loss has a range of

A

71-90 dB

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47
Q

Profound hearing loss occurs at what dB level

A

> 90 dB

48
Q

In a high frequency hearing loss what speech sounds may not be heard as clearly by a listener

A

f, th, s

49
Q

in a low frequency hearing loss what are some speech sounds that may not be heard as clearly by a listener

A

nasals, vowels, v,z, d,b

50
Q

in a mid frequency hearing loss what are some speech sounds that may not be heard as clearly

A

sh, ch, p, h, g,k

51
Q

what are the two limitations of pure tone audiometry

A

less sensitive in early stages of hearing loss and it cannot diagnose retrocochlear pathologies or auditory path issues

52
Q

what are some of the strengths of a pure tone audiometry test

A

it can identify type, pattern, and severity of a loss, gain frequency specific info, and it extremely useful for differential diagnosis

53
Q

allows audiologies to assess how well a client can hear and understand speech

A

speech audiometry

54
Q

how does speech audiometry differ from pure tone audiometry

A

the stimuli used

55
Q

what are some things that speech audiometry allows audiologists to do

A

cross-check pure tone threshold, confirm the type of hearing loss, confirm the degree of hearing loss, make better suggestions when choosing hearing aids, identify functional hearing loss, identify site of lesion

56
Q

what is the objective of a speech audiometry test

A

client has to produce the words they heard in a recorded speech same or say whether or not they heard speech

57
Q

how is speech audiometry conducted in kids or nonspeaking individuals

A

can respond by point to word they heard from a field of images

58
Q

how are word lists complied for speech audiometry tests

A

spondee words and phonemically balanced words

59
Q

a two-syllable word with relatively equal stress on both syllables; compound words like baseball

A

spondee words

60
Q

word lists that have been statistically analyzed for the percentage of representation of phones in the list. this repression matches the representation of these phonemes in the English language

A

phonemically balanced

61
Q

lowest level at which the presence of speech signal can be detected 50% of the time

A

speech detection threshold

62
Q

lowest level at which the speech signal can be recognized 50% of the time

A

speech reception threshold

63
Q

decibel level at which client subjectively prefers to listen to speech; can be monaural and binaural

A

most comfortable listening level

64
Q

decibel level at which speech becomes uncomfortable loud for client

A

uncomfortable listening level

65
Q

tests tell audiologists with an estimate of how ell client can understand speech when it’s at a comfortably loud level

A

word discrimination testing

66
Q

tells audiologist how well client’s can hear sounds in noisier environments

A

speech-in-noise testing

67
Q

helps us to understand the flow of energy through the hearing system

A

immittance audiometry

68
Q

ease with which energy flows through a system

A

compliance

69
Q

resistance to energy flow through a system

A

impedance

70
Q

immittance audiometry looks at impedance properties of what parts of the ear

A

ossicular chain, intra-aural muscles, and atmospheric conditions of the middle ear

71
Q

if there is high impedance than energy passed is _ energy reflected is _ and compliance is _

A

low high low

72
Q

if there is low impedance than energy passed is _ energy reflected is _ and compliance is _

A

high low high

73
Q

what are the two types of immittance audiometry

A

tympanometry and retroflexometry

74
Q

measures how the tympanic membrane moves as pressure is pushed into and pulled out of the ear

A

tympanometry

75
Q

tells us the compliance of the eardrum

A

tympanometry

76
Q

what is a benefit of tympanometry

A

there is no behavioral response needed by the client they just need to sit still during the examination

77
Q

A type A tympanogram shows

A

typical movement of the tympanic membrane

78
Q

A type Ad tympanogram with a centralized high peak shows

A

a potential break in the ossicular chain resulting in higher compliance of the tympanic membrane

79
Q

A type As tympanogram shows a centralized small peak which shows

A

possified calcified stapes, otosclerosis, or a middle ear infection. All pathologies that would result in a less compliant tympanic membrane

80
Q

a type C tympanogram with a shifted from center peak shows us

A

a retracted tympanic membrane. It usually indicated that there is Eustachian tube dysfunction but the peak is at a negative spot because the pressure was negative to begin with

81
Q

a type B tympanogram with no peak suggests

A

high amounts of fluid in the middle ear

82
Q

identifies the threshold at which muscles of the middle ear contract by measuring change in immittance with intensity

A

retroflexometry

83
Q

the main goal of retroflexometry is to tell us when sounds are too

A

intense

84
Q

retroflexometry can be tested _ OR _

A

ipsilaterally or contra laterally

85
Q

this test can have results that help diagnose retrocochlear pathologies

A

retroflexometry

86
Q

what are the functions of immittance audiometry

A

detecting middle ear pathologies, differentiating cochlear from retrococohlear pathologies, estimate sensitive, and cross-check with pure tone results

87
Q

what are two advantages to immittance audiometry

A

it is non-invasive and non-behavioral

88
Q

sounds that are generated by the cochlea

A

otoacoustic emissions

89
Q

cannot tell us hearing sensitivity, but rather physical features of the ear

A

otoacoustic emissions

90
Q

what is the purpose of otoacoustic emissions

A

to determine cochlear status aka hair cell function

91
Q

measures neural response as a result of an auditory stimulus

A

auditory brainstem response

92
Q

this test is usually measured in latency and amplitude and can give a good estimation of a hearing loss level and type

A

auditory brainstem response

93
Q

what are the three primary types of hearing aids

A

behind the ear, in the ear, and completely in canal

94
Q

what are some common features of hearing aids

A

digital for increased clarity, directional microphone for improved speech understanding in noise, feedback cancellation to prevent whistling or buzzing, and streamng via bluetooth to connect to devices

95
Q

what are the parts of a hearing aid

A

battery, programming buttons, microphone, speaker, amplifier

96
Q

what are some things audiologists should consider when choosing and programming hearing aids for clients

A

severity and type of hearing loss, the clients most comfortable hearing less and their uncomfortable hearing level, the frequency of the hearing loss, and the desired features and look of the hearing aid

97
Q

if hearing aids are not working we first

A

check the battery

98
Q

if there is a lot of feed back from a hearing aid we should

A

improve the fit in the ear canal and check for any excess cerumen, may even turn down the overall volume of the hearing aid

99
Q

if hearing aids are uncomfortable we should

A

check the fit of the aid in the canal and check for excess cerumen

100
Q

if the hearing aid sounds distorted we should

A

check the battery contacts and programming settings

101
Q

bone anchored hearing aids are attached to the

A

mastoid

102
Q

surgically implanted device that can improve hearing for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss and limited benefit from hearing aids

A

cochlear implants

103
Q

what are the parts of a cochlear implant

A

external speech processor, transmitting coil and wire, and the internal receiver/stimulator

104
Q

have never had the skill of hearing

A

aural habilitation

105
Q

had the skill of hearing, lost it, and are trying to get it back

A

aural rehabilitation

106
Q

habilitation follows the frame work of auditory development which is

A

detection, discrimination, identification, and comprehension

107
Q

other than the four frameworks what are other things that sips can work on for aural habilitation

A

interpreting prosody, listening in background noise, using visual cues, improving verbal speech, understanding and using speech, managing devices

108
Q

focuses on improving functional hearing and quality of life

A

aural rehabilitation

109
Q

aural rehabilitation tends to stress things outside of speech such as

A

self-advocacy, hearing protection, communication with significant others, and modifying listening environment

110
Q

thin loops of wire that encircle whole spaces

A

induction loop systems

111
Q

use radio to transmit amplified sounds and is very common in classrooms

A

fm systems

112
Q

transmits sound via infrared light, and works like an induction loop but can’t go through walls

A

infrared hearing system

113
Q

an infrared hearing system usually has parts including

A

audio source, infrared radiator, and listening receivers

114
Q

often used when other types of assistive technology are not available and increase overall sound level and reduce background noise

A

personal amplifiers

115
Q

converts speech to. text that the listener can read instead of hearing on the phone

A

teletypewriter machines

116
Q

devices that traditionally use sound to signal something to us have alternatives that instead use visual or tactile means

A

visual alert signalers ex. fire alarms, alarm clocks, door bells etc.

Intro to Audiology (3 decks)

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