Final Exam

Question 1

a ring of microfilaments forms a cleavage furrow & pinches the cell in half

Answer 1

cytokenesis

Question 2

spindle fibers separate sister chromatids

Answer 2

anaphase 2

Question 3

chromosomes replicate to form sister chromatids attached at their centromere

Answer 3

S phase

Question 4

the nuclear envelope & nuceoli reform & chromatin decondenses

Answer 4

Telophase 2

Question 5

spindle fibers separate homologues

Answer 5

Anaphase 1

Question 6

chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores & homologues undergo crossing over

Answer 6

prophase 1

Question 7

spindle fibers position homologues along the cell equator & independent assortment occurs

Answer 7

Metaphase 1

Question 8

events of sperm production in the correct order, starting with germ-line cells in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

1. Spermatogonia undergo mitosis
2. Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I
3. Secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II
4. Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis
5. Spermatozoa undergo spermiation
6. Spermatozoa are stored within epididymis

Question 9

a female steroid hormone which promotes secretion of a glycogen-rich mucus by the uterine endometrium & prevents menstruation

Answer 9

progesterone

Question 10

pituitary gonadotropin that stimulates testosterone production, ovulation & corpus luteum formation

Answer 10

LH

Question 11

hormone from the hypothalamus that regulates gonadotropin secretion

Answer 11

GnRH

Question 12

hormone from the hypothalamus that regulates gonadotropin secretion

Answer 12

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 13

pituitary gonadotropin that stimulates follicle growth, estradiol secretion & spermatogenesis

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

a female steroid hormone made by developing follicles that promotes endometrial growth & triggers a surge of LH secretion

Answer 14

estradiol

Question 15

a hormone from Sertoli cells & the ovary that inhibits FSH secretion

Answer 15

Inhibin

Question 16

posterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk release & contractions of the uterine myometrium

Answer 16

Oxytocin

Question 17

a protein from Sertoli cells that maintains testosterone levels in seminiferous tubules

Answer 17

ABP

Question 18

an androgen made by Leydig cells that is converted into DHT in some target cells

Answer 18

Testosterone

Question 19

the first two weeks of the ovarian cycle

Answer 19

Follicular phase

Question 20

period of the uterine cycle when estradiol stimulates growth & thickening of the endometrium

Answer 20

proliferative phase

Question 21

a scar-like structure that forms in the ovary if embryo implantation does not occur

Answer 21

corpus albicans

Question 22

the first few days of the uterine cycle when the functional layer of the endometrium is shed

Answer 22

Menstrual phase

Question 23

period of the uterine cycle after ovulation when progesterone stimulates production of a glycogen-rich mucus by uterine glands

Answer 23

secretory phase

Question 24

releases at day 14 of the ovarian cycle a secondary oocyte stuck in metaphase II

Answer 24

ovulation

Question 25

the last day or two of the uterine cycle when blood vessels constrict & tissues in the endometrium degenerate

Answer 25

premenstrual phase

Question 26

the last two weeks of the ovarian cycle during which sex hormones are secreted to prepare the uterus for an implanted embryo

Answer 26

luteal phase

Question 27

the events of fertilizaton in the correct order, starting with the process that confers sperm with the ability to penetrate an egg

Answer 27

1. capacitation
2. sperm cells penetrate the corona radiata
3. sperm cells release acrosomal enzymes to penetrate the zona pellucida
4. sperm & oocyte membranes fuse & a fertilization membrane forms
5. the oocyte completes meiosis II
6. sperm & ovum nuclei fuse to form a zygote