Final Exam Flashcards
Express 0.0000000789 in scientific notation using the correct number of sig figs.
A) 7.89 E -7
B) 7.89 E 8
C) 7.89 E 7
D) 7.89 E -8
7.89 E -8
Write 6.83 E 5 using correct scientific notation
A) 0.0000683
B) 683000
C) 6.83000
D) 6.00083
683000
A significant figure is
A) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus two uncertain digits.
B) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty.
C) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus one uncertain.
D) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus every uncertain digit.
Every digit in a measurement that is known plus every uncertain digit
Which of the following is not a physical property of copper?
A) tarnishing of copper
B) density
C) characteristic color
D) electrical conductivity
Tarnishing of copper
A(n) ________ is a tentative, testable explanation based on observations.
A) conclusion
B) hypothesis
C) experiment
D) law
Hypothesis
Which of the following is a chemical change?
A) decaying banana
B) boiling of water
C) sanding wood
D) carving a piece of marble
Decaying banana
Which of the following has been thoroughly tested and explains the results of many experiments?
A) theory
B) conclusion
C) hypothesis
D) law
Theory
Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
A) flammability
B) state of matter
C) texture
D) density
Flammability
Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical and chemical property?
A) Physical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas chemical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
B) Physical properties can always be observed with the eye whereas chemical properties must be measured microscopically.
C) Physical properties are based on matter whereas chemical properties are based on energy.
D) Chemical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas physical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
Physical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas chemical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
Which lists in the correct order, the steps of the scientific method?
A) make observations, experiment, form hypothesis, results, identify problem
B) experiment, make observations, identify problem, results, form hypothesis
C) form hypothesis, make observations, identify problem, experiment, results
D) Identify problem, make observations, form hypothesis, experiment, results
Identify problem, make observations, form hypothesis, experiment, results
_______________ is the science that studies matter, its composition and structure, and the changes it undergoes.
A) A physical property
B) The scientific method
C) Chemistry
D) Density
Chemistry
In one second, light travels 2.998 × 108 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) none of these
B) 299,800,000 m/s
C) 0.00000002998 m/s
D) 2,998,000 m/s
299,800,000 m/s
Which of the following is the correct order of lengths?
A) mm > cm > m > km
B) cm > km > nm > mm
C) mm > m > cm > km
D) km > cm > mm > μm
km > cm > mm > μm
Nanoparticles have an approximate length of 0.1 × 10–10 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) 0.00000000001 m
B) 10,000,000 m
C) 0.000000001 m
D) 1,000,000,000 m
A) 0.00000000001 m
Daytime temperatures in a desert can reach 50.0°C. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit temperature scale?
(C x 9/5) + 32 = F
122.0 F
Which of the following is the largest number?
A) 5 × 10 4
B) 3.5 × 10–6
C) 3 × 10 3
D) 3 × 10–2
5 x 10 4
A patient is admitted to the hospital. She weighs 186 lb. She is to receive an IV medication based on her body weight. The physician’s order reads: give 2.0 mg per kg. The label on the medication reads 10. mg per mL. Calculate how many mL of this medication you would administer to this patient.
Convert the patient’s weight from pounds to kilograms:
186 lb * (1 kg / 2.20462 lb) ≈ 84.37 kg
Determine the total dosage required:
84.37 kg * 2.0 mg/kg = 168.74 mg
Calculate the volume of medication needed based on the concentration provided on the label:
Concentration: 10 mg/mL
Volume (mL) = Total dosage (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
= 168.74 mg / 10 mg/mL
≈ 16.874 mL
16.9 mL
The metric prefix that means 1000 times larger is ________________.
Kilo
The boiling point of liquid oxygen is 90.2 K. What is this temperature on the Celsius scale?
K - 273.15 = C
-182.8 C
Convert 40.2 space degree C to Kelvin. (Round your answer to the tenths place- that is, one place past the decimal.)
C+ 273.15 = K
313.4 K
When solving problems using dimensional analysis, always start with the ________.
Given
_____________________ uses units to solve problems.
Dimensional Analysis
Choose which of the following conversion factors is incorrect.
A) 1000 km = 1 meter
B) 1000 mL = 1 L
C) 1000000 mcg = 1 g
D) 1000000 games = 1 Mgame
1000 km = 1 Meter
Children’s chewable acetamenophen contains 75 mg of acetamenophen per tablet. If the recommended dosage for this medication is 10. mg/ kg, how many tablets should you give to a child who weighs 52 pounds? Because this is a tablet, round the answer to the nearest whole number
Convert the child’s weight from pounds to kilograms:
52 lb * (1 kg / 2.20462 lb) ≈ 23.59 kg
Determine the total dosage required based on the weight:
Total dosage = Weight (kg) * Dosage per kg
= 23.59 kg * 10 mg/kg
= 235.9 mg
Divide the total dosage required by the dosage per tablet:
Number of tablets = Total dosage / Dosage per tablet
= 235.9 mg / 75 mg/tablet
≈ 3.15
3 Tabs
The boiling point of methanol is 65°C. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?
(C x 9/5) + 32
149 F
Do this problem using dimensional analysis. Make sure to round your answers appropriately.
Calculate the number of km there are in 1.1 miles.
1.1 miles×
1 mile
1.60934 kilometers
=1.1×1.60934 kilometers
Now, we multiply the given value (1.1 miles) by the conversion factor:
1.1
×
1.60934
≈
1.77
kilometers
1.1×1.60934≈1.77 kilometers
Therefore, there are approximately 1.77 kilometers in 1.1 miles.
1.8 km
1.8 km
How many minutes are there in a 24-hour day? (Assume exactly 24 hours in a day.)
1.44 x 10 3
If gasoline costs $3.79 per gallon, what is the cost of 1.00 liter? [1 quart = 0.946 liter]
$1
In one second, light travels 2.998 × 108 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) none of these
B) 299,800,000 m/s
C) 0.00000002998 m/s
D) 2,998,000 m/s
299,800,000 m/s
_________ measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In other words, how fast the particles are moving.
Temperature
The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is -195.8 °C. What is this temperature in Kelvins?
C+ 273.15 = K
77.35 K
________________ determines the state of matter.
Temperature
In which state of matter are the particles so tightly packed that they cannot change their position?
Solid
Which state of matter has the same volume but takes its shape of its container?
Liquid
Which of the following is true of ice, water, and steam?
A) They are three different chemical substances.
B) They are the same substance in different chemical states.
C) They are the same substance in different physical states.
D) They are the same substance in different chemical and physical states.
They are the same substance but in different physical states
In which state of matter are the particles farthest apart?
Gas
________________________ is defined as the weighted average of all the isotopes of an element.
Atomic Mass
Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ________.
Nucleus
Almost all of the volume of an atom is found in the ________.
Energy levels
What is the correct isotopic symbol for an element that has a mass number of 48 and an atomic number of 22?
The atomic number (number of protons) is represented as a subscript on the left side of the element symbol.
The mass number (number of protons and neutrons combined) is represented as a superscript on the left side of the element symbol.
48
Ti
22
Which of the following is NOT a property of mixtures?
A) they can be separated by physical means
B) they are pure
C) they have definite composistion
D) the components lose their properties when mixed together
They are pure
A solution is another name for a(n) ___________________.
Homogeneous Mixture
Zinc can be mixed in differing amounts with copper to form an alloy called brass. What is brass an example of?
a homogeneous mixture
Who is credited with first discovering what he called an atom in the early 1800s?
John Dalton
____________________ are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
isotopes
_____________________ is credited with putting together the first “modern” periodic table.
Dmitri Mendeleev
The __________________ tells the number of protons in an atom.
Atomic Number
The __________________ tells the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.
mass number
The subatomic particle most responsible for giving an atom its behavior is the ________.
electron
The subatomic particle most responsible for holding the nucleus tightly bound together is the ___________.
Neutron
The subatomic particle most responsible for holding the nucleus tightly bound together is the ___________.
Neutrons
The unit used to measure the mass of a single atom (or particle in an atom) is the _______________.
atomic mass unit
With the exception of helium (He), all of the noble gases have electron configurations ending in
p^6
What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?
periods
____________________ have the properties of both metals and nonmetals.
metalloids
Of the elements listed below, which is/are a metal(s)?
Strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), iodine (I), cesium (Cs)
Sr and Cs
___________________ are those found in the outer-most (highest) energy level.
Valence electrons
Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains only gaseous elements?
A) 8A
B) 6A
C) 7A
D) 5A
8A
Which of the following contains only nonmetals?
A) P, B, Si, and Na
B) C, Si, B, and Be
C) F, Cl, He, and C
D) none of these
F, Cl, He, and C
Which of the following places the elements in the correct order from smallest to largest?
A) Be < Ca < Ba < Ra
B) Ca < Ba < Be < Ra
C) Ra < Ba < Ca < Be
D) Ba < Ra < Ca < Be
Be < Ca < Ba < Ra
In every energy level beginning with the ______ there are _______ p-orbital(s).
2nd - 3
Which of the following places the elements in the correct order from smallest to largest?
A) Mg < K< Ca < Cl
B) K < Cl < P < Mg
C) P < Mg < K < Cl
D) Cl < P < Mg < K
Cl < P < Mg < K
A(n) ____________________ is a cloud shape formed when an electron is moving around the nucleus.
Orbital
What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?
families
Match the letter to the family
A) Inner transition metals
B) Noble gas
C) Alkali metals
D) transition metals
E) halogens
F) Alkaline earth metals
Which is most likely true of an atom with six valence electrons?
A) It will gain one electron.
B) It will gain two electrons.
C) It will lose one electron.
D) It will lose two electrons.
it will gain 2 electrons
How many main types of chemical bonds exist?
2
Which of the following is true in general of all cations?
A) A cation has an equal number of protons and electrons.
B) A cation has fewer protons than electrons.
C) A cation has more protons than electrons.
D) A cation has more protons than neutrons.
a cation has more protons than electrons
Which of the following is generally true of all anions?
A) An anion has an equal number of protons and electrons.
B) An anion has fewer protons than electrons.
C) An anion has more protons than electrons.
D) An anion has more electrons than neutrons.
an anion has fewer protons than electrons
What is likely true of an atom with one valence electron?
it will lose an electron
Which of the following elements is the most likely to lose electrons to become a cation?
A) Ar
B) S
C) I
D) Mg
Mg
Which of the following ions has the same electronic configuration as argon?
A) K+
B) Ca2+
C) both K+ and Ca2+
D) neither K+ or Ca2+
both K+ or Ca2+
In what form is lithium administered when it is used as a drug in the treatment of manic depression?
Li+
What is the name of the species formed when a chlorine atom gains an electron?
Chloride Ion
What is the valence shell electron configuration of all the noble gases except helium?
ns2np6
Which of the following occurs when a calcium atom is converted to Ca2+?
A) The calcium atom gains two electrons and loses two protons.
B) The calcium atom gains two electrons.
C) The calcium atom loses two electrons and two protons.
D) The calcium atom loses two electrons.
The calcium atom loses two electrons
What is the difference between a monatomic element and a diatomic element?
A monatomic element can be found uncombined in nature but a diatomic element will always be found in pairs.
Which of the following atoms is the least likely to form an ion?
A) chlorine
B) potassium
C) xenon
D) iron
xenon
Which of the following is NOT one of the diatomic elements?
A) He
B) H
C) O
D) Br
He
What is the common name of Cu2+?
copper (II) ion
the name for iron (III) ion?
Fe3+
What is true of polyatomic ions?
The vast majority of polyatomic ions are anions.
The “ide” ending is usually, but not always, associated with monatomic anions. Which of the following polyatomic ions has a name that ends in “ide”?
A) C2H3O2-
B) HPO42-
C) OH-
D) SO42-
OH-
An ionic bond is associated with which of the following?
A) interactions between nuclei
B) equal sharing of electrons
C) unequal sharing of electrons
D) the transfer of electrons
the transfer of electrons
Which of the following is true of ionic compounds?
A) They are liquids at room temperature.
B) They are gases in which individual molecules are present.
C) They are solids in which both cations and anions are present.
D) They share their electrons equally.
They are solids in which both cations and anions are present
One common element used for embalming is sodium nitrate. What is the correct formula for sodium nitrate?
NaNo3
AgCl is a chemical commonly used in photography. What is the correct name of AgCl?
Silver Chloride
A compound used in the treatment of gout and manic depression has the formula Li2CO3. What is the name of this compound?
lithium carbonate
A tin compound used for electroplating steel has the formula SnCl2. What is the systematic name of this compound?
tin (II) chloride
The formula of a compound was found to be Fe2O3. What is the systematic name of this compound?
iron (III) oxide
What is the correct formula of sodium fluoride?
NaF
The term “limelight” is derived from the old name of calcium oxide. What is the formula of calcium oxide?
CaO
What is the correct formula of aluminum oxide?
AI2O3
What is the correct name of Al2(SO4)3?
aluminum sulfate
What is the correct name of BaI2?
barium iodide
What is the correct name of NH4NO3, a compound found in fertilizers?
ammonium nitrate
What is the correct way to write the formula of the compound formed by a calcium ion and a sulfate ion?
CaSO4
What the correct name and formula for the acid formed from hydrogen and chlorine?
Hydrochloric acid, HCI2
A covalent bond is associated with
the sharing of electrons
Laughing gas, sometimes called nitrous oxide, has the formula N2O. What is the proper chemical name of nitrous oxide?
dinitrogen monoxide
What is the correct chemical name of a compound with the formula N2O3?
dinitrogen trioxide
Though it is very rare, some noble gases will form a covalent compound. What is the correct name of XeF4?
xenon tetrafluoride
What is the systematic name of CS2?
carbon disulfide
Which types of elements generally have high electronegativities?
halogens
What is the correct formula of dinitrogen pentoxide?
N2O5
Which of the following is a triprotic acid?
A) HCl
B) HNO3
C) H2SO4
D) H3PO4
H3PO4
The key to recognizing a decomposition reaction is
it only has one reactant
The key to recognizing a synthesis reaction is
it only has one product
The reaction 2KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + 3O2(g) is an example of a reaction.
decomposition
The reaction 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 is an example of a ____________ reaction.
synthesis
In a chemical equation, the _____________ are to the left of the arrow and the ______________ are to the right of the arrow.
reactants, products
A(n) ________________________________ uses symbols and formulas to represent a chemical change.
chemical equation
This is used to show the reactants or products are dissolved in water.
(aq)
A _______________ separates two reactants or two products in a chemical equation.
+
In order for a single replacement reaction to occur,
the single element must be higher on the Activity Series than the element in the compound that it would replace
The key to recognizing a single replacement reaction is
it has one element and one compound on both sides.
The reaction Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
is an example of a _____________reaction.
single replacement
The reaction BaCl2 + K2CO3 → BaCO3 + 2KCl is an example of a ______________ reaction.
double replacement
One of the reactants in a combustion reaction must always be ______.
oxygen
The key to recognizing a combustion reaction is
it has a hydrocarbon and oxygen as reactants.
The products of a combustion reaction are
carbon dioxide and water
The reaction CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
is an example of a _____________reaction.
combustion
What is the correct set of integer coefficients for the balanced equation?
___C5H12(g) + ___O2(g) → ___CO2(g) + ___H2O(g)
1, 8, 5, 6
What are the coefficients for the balanced equation?
___N + ____H2O —> NaOH___H2
2, 2, 2, 1
___KNO3 + ___H2CO3___—> K2CO3___+ HNO3
2, 1, 1, 2
___Al+___H2SO4 —> ___Al2 (SO4) 3 + H2
2, 3, 1, 3
The reaction of nitric acid, HNO3(aq), with calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s), produces calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide, and water. Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for this reaction?
2HNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
___C3H8(g) + ___O2(g) → ___CO2(g) + ___H2O(g)
1, 5, 3, 4
Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?
A) CaCO3
B) CaCl2
C) Ca(NO3)2
D) Ca(C2H3O2)2
CaCO3
The products of the reaction of phosphoric acid, H3PO4(aq), and solid magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2(s), are aqueous magnesium phosphate and water. What is the balanced equation for this reaction?
2H3PO4(aq) + 3Mg(OH)2(s) → Mg3(PO4)2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
it is a photograph of a beaker containing a clear liquid. Another liquid is being poured from a test tube into the beaker. An insoluble white substance is being formed in the beaker.
Which of the following is most likely occurring in the beaker?
a precipitate forming
What ion does an acid produce according to the original Arrhenius definition of an acid?
H+
What ion does a base produce according to the original Arrhenius definition of a base?
OH-
the correct name for the ion H3O+?
hydronium ion
Which of the following can be characterized as a strong acid?
A) H3BO3
B) HCl
C) both H3BO3 and HCI
D) neither H3BO3 or HCI
HCI
Which of the following occurs when NaOH is dissolved in water to form a basic solution?
A) A complex between NaOH and Cl is formed.
B) NaOH breaks up to form Na+(aq), H+(aq), and O2−(aq).
C) NaOH breaks up to form Na+(aq) and OH−(aq).
D) The water molecule loses an H+.
NaOH breaks up to form Na+(aq) and OH−(aq).
Which of the following can be characterized as a strong base?
A) Ba(OH)2
B) NH3
C) both Ba(OH)2 and NH3
D) neither Ba(OH)2 or NH3
Ba(OH)2
Which of the following acids is found in gastric fluid?
A) acetic
B) hydrochloric
C) nitric
D) sulfuric
hydrochloric
What is the name of the acid that dissociates to give the nitrate ion, NO3−?
nitric acid
What is the reaction between an acid and a base known as?
neutralization
Which of the following pH values corresponds to a highly acidic solution?
A) 2.8
B) 6.8
C) 7.2
D) 11.2
2.8
Which of the following pH values corresponds to a highly basic solution?
A) 2.8
B) 6.8
C) 7.2
D) 11.2
11.2
It is a photograph of a pH meter measuring the pH of a clear liquid in a beaker. The meter reads 4.33.
How would the solution in the beaker be classified?
acidic
The subatomic particle which establishes the identity of an element is the ____
Proton
The number of neutrons in an atom can be found by
Subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
What Greek philosopher is most closely associated with the concept of an atom
Aristotle
What is not a property of mixtures
They can be separated by physical means
The two main classes of matter are
Substances and mixtures
____are located along the zig zag or stair step line on the periodic table
Metalloids
Which state of matter is highly compressible
Gas
What are the elements in the B column called
Main Group Elements
What is true of ionic compounds
They are solids in which both cations and anions are present
A cation is
an atom that has lost electrons
What would the charge be on an ion formed from the atom sodium (atomic number 12)
+
What is the name of the ion with the formula Cr3+
Chromium ion
A ____ is an atom that has gained one of more electrons and now has a charge
Anion
A ____ is an atom that has lost one or more electrons and now has a charge
Cation
What is the charge on the ion formed by the element bromine (atomic number 35)
+
Ternary acids contains a
Halogen
H2SO4 is an example of a ____ acid
Diprotic
What are the ionic compound formulas for
- Barium Chloride
- Potassium Oxide
- Aluminum Phosphide
- Magnesium Nitride
- BaCl2
- K2O
- AlP
- Mg3N2
Which of the pairs would most likely form an ionic compound
A) Fe and Ag
B) Ba and O
C) Ca and Ba
D) N and O
B) Ba and O
Which of the following would most likely form a covalent compound
A) cesium and sodium
B) zinc and sulfur
C) phosphorus and chlorine
D) magnesium and phosphate
Phosphorus and chlorine
What is the formula for copper (I) oxide
Cu2O
What are the ionic compounds with their formulas
1. Lithium nitrate
2. Silver sulfate
3. Ammonium sulfide
4. Calcium hydroxide
- LiNO3
- Ag2SO4
- (NH4) 2 S
- Ca (OH) 2
What are the acid names to these formulas
- HBr
- HNO3
- H2SO4
- H2CO3
- Hydrobromic acid
- Nitric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Carbonic acid
Which of these is most likely to form a covalent compound
A) Magnesium and phosphate
B) cesium and sodium
C) sodium and phosphorus
D) sulfur and oxygen
Sulfur and oxygen
What is the name of the covalent compound with the correct formula
- Dinitrogen pentoxide
- Phosphorus trichloride
- Dichlorine monoxide
- Carbon dioxide
- N2O5
- PCl3
- Cl2O
- CO2
Name the covalent compound with its correct formula
- Dinitrogen pentoxide
- Phosphorus trichloride
- Dichlorine monoxide
- Carbon dioxide
- N2O5
- PCl3
- Cl2O
- CO2
Name the compound with its correct formula
- Iron (III) carbonate
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sodium sulfate
- Sulfur trioxide
- Calcium fluoride
- Fe2(CO3)3
- HCl
- Na2SO4
- SO3
- CaF2
Name the reaction types
1. 4K + O —> 2 K2O
2. 2KClO3 —> 2KCl + 3 O2
3. 2Al + Fe2O3 —> Al2O3 + 2 Fe
4. 2KNO3 + H2CO3 —> K2CO3 + 2 HNO3
5. 2C8H18 + 25O2 —> 16CO2 + 18H20
- Synthesis
- Decomposition
- Single replacement
- Double replacement
- Combustion
What is the normal Ph range of human blood
7.35 - 7.45
Which of the following is true of Ph
A) It is a measure of the acid and base concentration of a neutral solution
B) It is a measure of the acid concentration of a solution
C) It is a measure of the base concentration of a solution
D) It is a measure of the overall acidity of basicity of a solution
It is a measure of the acid concentration of a solution
Which of the following is a diprotic acid
A) HCI
B) HNO3
C) H2SO4
D) H3PO4
H2SO4
