Final Exam Flashcards
Express 0.0000000789 in scientific notation using the correct number of sig figs.
A) 7.89 E -7
B) 7.89 E 8
C) 7.89 E 7
D) 7.89 E -8
7.89 E -8
Write 6.83 E 5 using correct scientific notation
A) 0.0000683
B) 683000
C) 6.83000
D) 6.00083
683000
A significant figure is
A) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus two uncertain digits.
B) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty.
C) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus one uncertain.
D) every digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus every uncertain digit.
Every digit in a measurement that is known plus every uncertain digit
Which of the following is not a physical property of copper?
A) tarnishing of copper
B) density
C) characteristic color
D) electrical conductivity
Tarnishing of copper
A(n) ________ is a tentative, testable explanation based on observations.
A) conclusion
B) hypothesis
C) experiment
D) law
Hypothesis
Which of the following is a chemical change?
A) decaying banana
B) boiling of water
C) sanding wood
D) carving a piece of marble
Decaying banana
Which of the following has been thoroughly tested and explains the results of many experiments?
A) theory
B) conclusion
C) hypothesis
D) law
Theory
Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
A) flammability
B) state of matter
C) texture
D) density
Flammability
Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical and chemical property?
A) Physical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas chemical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
B) Physical properties can always be observed with the eye whereas chemical properties must be measured microscopically.
C) Physical properties are based on matter whereas chemical properties are based on energy.
D) Chemical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas physical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
Physical properties describe the appearance of a substance whereas chemical properties describe how the chemical structure of a substance may be changed.
Which lists in the correct order, the steps of the scientific method?
A) make observations, experiment, form hypothesis, results, identify problem
B) experiment, make observations, identify problem, results, form hypothesis
C) form hypothesis, make observations, identify problem, experiment, results
D) Identify problem, make observations, form hypothesis, experiment, results
Identify problem, make observations, form hypothesis, experiment, results
_______________ is the science that studies matter, its composition and structure, and the changes it undergoes.
A) A physical property
B) The scientific method
C) Chemistry
D) Density
Chemistry
In one second, light travels 2.998 × 108 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) none of these
B) 299,800,000 m/s
C) 0.00000002998 m/s
D) 2,998,000 m/s
299,800,000 m/s
Which of the following is the correct order of lengths?
A) mm > cm > m > km
B) cm > km > nm > mm
C) mm > m > cm > km
D) km > cm > mm > μm
km > cm > mm > μm
Nanoparticles have an approximate length of 0.1 × 10–10 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) 0.00000000001 m
B) 10,000,000 m
C) 0.000000001 m
D) 1,000,000,000 m
A) 0.00000000001 m
Daytime temperatures in a desert can reach 50.0°C. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit temperature scale?
(C x 9/5) + 32 = F
122.0 F
Which of the following is the largest number?
A) 5 × 10 4
B) 3.5 × 10–6
C) 3 × 10 3
D) 3 × 10–2
5 x 10 4
A patient is admitted to the hospital. She weighs 186 lb. She is to receive an IV medication based on her body weight. The physician’s order reads: give 2.0 mg per kg. The label on the medication reads 10. mg per mL. Calculate how many mL of this medication you would administer to this patient.
Convert the patient’s weight from pounds to kilograms:
186 lb * (1 kg / 2.20462 lb) ≈ 84.37 kg
Determine the total dosage required:
84.37 kg * 2.0 mg/kg = 168.74 mg
Calculate the volume of medication needed based on the concentration provided on the label:
Concentration: 10 mg/mL
Volume (mL) = Total dosage (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
= 168.74 mg / 10 mg/mL
≈ 16.874 mL
16.9 mL
The metric prefix that means 1000 times larger is ________________.
Kilo
The boiling point of liquid oxygen is 90.2 K. What is this temperature on the Celsius scale?
K - 273.15 = C
-182.8 C
Convert 40.2 space degree C to Kelvin. (Round your answer to the tenths place- that is, one place past the decimal.)
C+ 273.15 = K
313.4 K
When solving problems using dimensional analysis, always start with the ________.
Given
_____________________ uses units to solve problems.
Dimensional Analysis
Choose which of the following conversion factors is incorrect.
A) 1000 km = 1 meter
B) 1000 mL = 1 L
C) 1000000 mcg = 1 g
D) 1000000 games = 1 Mgame
1000 km = 1 Meter
Children’s chewable acetamenophen contains 75 mg of acetamenophen per tablet. If the recommended dosage for this medication is 10. mg/ kg, how many tablets should you give to a child who weighs 52 pounds? Because this is a tablet, round the answer to the nearest whole number
Convert the child’s weight from pounds to kilograms:
52 lb * (1 kg / 2.20462 lb) ≈ 23.59 kg
Determine the total dosage required based on the weight:
Total dosage = Weight (kg) * Dosage per kg
= 23.59 kg * 10 mg/kg
= 235.9 mg
Divide the total dosage required by the dosage per tablet:
Number of tablets = Total dosage / Dosage per tablet
= 235.9 mg / 75 mg/tablet
≈ 3.15
3 Tabs
The boiling point of methanol is 65°C. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?
(C x 9/5) + 32
149 F
Do this problem using dimensional analysis. Make sure to round your answers appropriately.
Calculate the number of km there are in 1.1 miles.
1.1 miles×
1 mile
1.60934 kilometers
=1.1×1.60934 kilometers
Now, we multiply the given value (1.1 miles) by the conversion factor:
1.1
×
1.60934
≈
1.77
kilometers
1.1×1.60934≈1.77 kilometers
Therefore, there are approximately 1.77 kilometers in 1.1 miles.
1.8 km
1.8 km
How many minutes are there in a 24-hour day? (Assume exactly 24 hours in a day.)
1.44 x 10 3
If gasoline costs $3.79 per gallon, what is the cost of 1.00 liter? [1 quart = 0.946 liter]
$1
In one second, light travels 2.998 × 108 meters. Which of the following is the correct way to write this in conventional notation?
A) none of these
B) 299,800,000 m/s
C) 0.00000002998 m/s
D) 2,998,000 m/s
299,800,000 m/s
_________ measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In other words, how fast the particles are moving.
Temperature
The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is -195.8 °C. What is this temperature in Kelvins?
C+ 273.15 = K
77.35 K
________________ determines the state of matter.
Temperature
In which state of matter are the particles so tightly packed that they cannot change their position?
Solid
Which state of matter has the same volume but takes its shape of its container?
Liquid
Which of the following is true of ice, water, and steam?
A) They are three different chemical substances.
B) They are the same substance in different chemical states.
C) They are the same substance in different physical states.
D) They are the same substance in different chemical and physical states.
They are the same substance but in different physical states
In which state of matter are the particles farthest apart?
Gas
________________________ is defined as the weighted average of all the isotopes of an element.
Atomic Mass
Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ________.
Nucleus
Almost all of the volume of an atom is found in the ________.
Energy levels
What is the correct isotopic symbol for an element that has a mass number of 48 and an atomic number of 22?
The atomic number (number of protons) is represented as a subscript on the left side of the element symbol.
The mass number (number of protons and neutrons combined) is represented as a superscript on the left side of the element symbol.
48
Ti
22
Which of the following is NOT a property of mixtures?
A) they can be separated by physical means
B) they are pure
C) they have definite composistion
D) the components lose their properties when mixed together
They are pure
A solution is another name for a(n) ___________________.
Homogeneous Mixture
Zinc can be mixed in differing amounts with copper to form an alloy called brass. What is brass an example of?
a homogeneous mixture
Who is credited with first discovering what he called an atom in the early 1800s?
John Dalton
____________________ are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
isotopes
_____________________ is credited with putting together the first “modern” periodic table.
Dmitri Mendeleev
The __________________ tells the number of protons in an atom.
Atomic Number
The __________________ tells the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.
mass number
The subatomic particle most responsible for giving an atom its behavior is the ________.
electron
The subatomic particle most responsible for holding the nucleus tightly bound together is the ___________.
Neutron
The subatomic particle most responsible for holding the nucleus tightly bound together is the ___________.
Neutrons
The unit used to measure the mass of a single atom (or particle in an atom) is the _______________.
atomic mass unit
With the exception of helium (He), all of the noble gases have electron configurations ending in
p^6
What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?
periods
____________________ have the properties of both metals and nonmetals.
metalloids
Of the elements listed below, which is/are a metal(s)?
Strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), iodine (I), cesium (Cs)
Sr and Cs
___________________ are those found in the outer-most (highest) energy level.
Valence electrons
Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains only gaseous elements?
A) 8A
B) 6A
C) 7A
D) 5A
8A
Which of the following contains only nonmetals?
A) P, B, Si, and Na
B) C, Si, B, and Be
C) F, Cl, He, and C
D) none of these
F, Cl, He, and C
Which of the following places the elements in the correct order from smallest to largest?
A) Be < Ca < Ba < Ra
B) Ca < Ba < Be < Ra
C) Ra < Ba < Ca < Be
D) Ba < Ra < Ca < Be
Be < Ca < Ba < Ra
In every energy level beginning with the ______ there are _______ p-orbital(s).
2nd - 3
Which of the following places the elements in the correct order from smallest to largest?
A) Mg < K< Ca < Cl
B) K < Cl < P < Mg
C) P < Mg < K < Cl
D) Cl < P < Mg < K
Cl < P < Mg < K
A(n) ____________________ is a cloud shape formed when an electron is moving around the nucleus.
Orbital
What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?
families
Match the letter to the family
A) Inner transition metals
B) Noble gas
C) Alkali metals
D) transition metals
E) halogens
F) Alkaline earth metals
Which is most likely true of an atom with six valence electrons?
A) It will gain one electron.
B) It will gain two electrons.
C) It will lose one electron.
D) It will lose two electrons.
it will gain 2 electrons
How many main types of chemical bonds exist?
2
Which of the following is true in general of all cations?
A) A cation has an equal number of protons and electrons.
B) A cation has fewer protons than electrons.
C) A cation has more protons than electrons.
D) A cation has more protons than neutrons.
a cation has more protons than electrons
Which of the following is generally true of all anions?
A) An anion has an equal number of protons and electrons.
B) An anion has fewer protons than electrons.
C) An anion has more protons than electrons.
D) An anion has more electrons than neutrons.
an anion has fewer protons than electrons