Final Exam Flashcards
what is informatics
Defined as the use of information and
technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision
making
definition of nursing informatics
Integration of technology and physical devices with nursing knowledge and nursing clinical- decision making skills.
What does the HIMSS do? (The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society)
Works to improve healthcare quality, safety, and
outcomes through improving the use of information
technology (IT) and systems.
Benefits of Technology and Informatics
Real time information that is up-to-date and readily
available
Allows providers to see trends in data
Minimizing errors (Barcoding, Computerized Provider, Order Entry (CPOE), Smart pumps)
Contributes to health information literacy (Can guide clients to credible information)
Database technology is necessary for EBP
What do electronic health records help with?
- Providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information about patients in real time
Enabling quick access to patient records for more coordinated, efficient care
Securely sharing electronic information with patients and other clinicians
Helping providers more effectively diagnose patients, reduce medical errors, and provide safer care
the 5 benefits of patient portals
- Better health outcomes
- Chronic condition management
- Timely access to care
- Patient retention
- Patient-centered medical home recognition
Healthcare Information Systems: Clinical information system “benefits”
- Allows multiple disciplines to simultaneously
access patient’s chart, record data that multiple
healthcare providers can view and analyze in
real time
Provides most accurate, current information
about patient
When used at point of care, nurse can
immediately record patient information
Nurse should have access to diagnostic data,
other providers’ evaluations of patient,
pharmacy information
Chart should include safety information
Should allow nurse to print discharge
instructions to review with patient and help with
patient teaching
Benefits of Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
Increases accuracy of ordering
Improves patient safety
Decreases the amount of time from order to treatment
Benefits of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
A CDSS uses a knowledge base and programmed rules, protocols, and evidence- based guidelines to match against patient data in the EHR and deliver alerts or recommendations to the provider.
Benefits
Can reduce medication errors
Can increase adherence to best practice
protocols
Can decrease costs
Can be challenging
If not set up correctly
If too difficult to navigate
If creates too many alerts, leading to alert
fatigue
EHRs and CDSSs are designed to provide nurses with…
- Alerts
- Reminders
- Recommendations
The 5 pillars of meaningful use compliance (EHR)
- Improving population and public health
- Engage patients and family
- Improve quality, safety, efficiency, and reduce health disparities
- Improve care coordination
- Maintain privacy and security of personal health information
Telehealth vs Telecare
telehealth: the use of electronic
information and telecommunications
technologies to support and promote long-
distance clinical health care, patient and
professional health-related education,
public health, and health administration
Telecare: refers to technology that allows
consumers to stay safe and independent in
their own homes.
Statutory law
- laws made by legislative branches at federal, state, local levels
- Ex: informed consent laws; reporting laws
Administrative law
- Laws made by administrative agencies (BON)
- Administrative agencies are given power to interpret and
enforce the laws
Criminal law
- Conduct harmful to a person
- Can be punished by fines/prison
Civil law
- Deal with rights of private individuals (ie: lawsuits)
- Tort- a civil wrongdoing committed against someone
Tort Law
- If an individual carries out an act or fails
to carry out an act and that results in
injury or harm to a client—a tort has
been committed.
● Essentially, a tort is a civil wrong that has
been committed against an individual.
● Torts can be further categorized into
intentional or unintentional.
o Unintentional and intentional actions or omissions that result in harm to another person or property
o Unintentional
o Negligence
o Malpractice
o Intentional
o Assault
o Battery
o False Imprisonment
o Invasion of privacy
Negligence
■ damages person or property without intent to injure
■ Conduct that deviates from what a reasonable person
would do in a particular circumstance
Malpractice
Acts and omissions committed by a professional while performing his/her professional duties
professional negligence = ?
malpractice
You have to mandatorily report what?
Abuse
Danger to self
Danger to others
Death of client
Death of neonate
Infectious disease that are deemed DPH concerns (ie: TB)
Nurses who violate the Nurse Practice Act
Mandatory Reporting of Impaired Licensees
What is Good Faith Immunity
■ Healthcare workers are
protected from civil/criminal
liabilities when suspected
abuse is reported in good faith
■ Applies to suspected child
abuse, elder mistreatment,
certain illnesses or injuries,
crimes involving minors
What are the 3 principles of Belmont Report
- Respect for persons
- Beneficence
- Justice
vulnerable patients in research
- Fetuses
- Neonates
- Children
- Prisoners
- Those who are
cognitively impaired - Those who are
educationally
disadvantaged
what are the 4 elements of Informed Consent
- Disclosure of the essential study information to
the subject - Comprehension of this information by the subject
- Competence of the subject to give consent
- Voluntary consent of the subject to participate
what to remember about pediatric patients in research
- If the subject is a minor or is not
able to give informed consent
because of mental or physical
disability, that subject may
provide what is called assent to
participate in the study. - Usually completed in a child > 7 year
What is the institutional review board
a committee that is responsible for reviewing research protocols for potential ethical problems
What is the IRB’s role?
- Assessing for “fair” recruitment
- Evaluate inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Determine investigator subject relationship
- Review consent for Autonomy,
- Protection, Risk and Benefit
- Review consent forms for clarity and process
- Assessing Risk and Benefit
What is patient advocacy?
Disease results in decreased independence, loss of freedom, and interference with the ability to make choices autonomously
Therefore……….Advocacy becomes the foundation and essence of
nursing, and nurses have a responsibility to promote human advocacy.
what are the 5 aspects of empowerment?
- Self-efficacy
- Self-awareness
- Confidence
- Coping skills
- Health literacy
does an ethics committee make clinical decisions?
No, it does not
What can ethics committees do?
guide the discussion and act as mediator when there is conflict among the parties.
What is HMO insurance plans?
- Coverage limited to providers contracted with HMOs
- patients have to have a primary care provider (PCP)
What is PPO insurance plan?
- doesn’t require the patient to select a PCP
- more options for providers
- members pay less if use in-network providers, but freedom to choose out-of-network
Medicare
- available to people age 65 or older who have worked in Medicare-covered employment, younger people with disabilities, people with end-stage renal disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Medicaid
- available to low-income individuals and families, older adults, and people with disabilities who meet the eligibility requirements
- funded by states and federal govt
What are the branches of government
Legislative: –> Congress –> House of rep./Senate
Executive: President –> Vice president
Judicial: Supreme Court
Resource Allocation
people the distribution of resources among competing groups of people or programs
Ways insurance companies ration resources
They deny coverage for:
1. Services that are1. Services that are experimental
2. Services not supported by scientific research that prove their efficacy
3. If the patient has not used the basic/less expensive treatment first
