Final Exam Flashcards
Hobbs/ Leviathan
The foundation of the modern state
Hobbs states that WHERE THERE IS NO AUTHORITY THERE IS NO PEACE. There is nothing stoping people from harming each other
Peace if Westphalia
In the 17th Century, after several war in Europe, the peace of Westphalia established physical boundaries within these boundaries, the state has the sole and complete justification over what happens.
War makes the state and states make the war
Hegemony
A single great power that serves as a global force. Ex U.S. post Cold War
Realism
A primary theory of IR that state states will act in the best interest for themselves and to assert the most power. Power politics/
Anarchy
The absence of an ruling authority
Security dilemma
When one state militarizes for security, another state will see that and in contract feel more insecure and then militarize in response
Liberalism
A leading theory in IR that promotes the liberal idealist way of think that in the current day alines with the western system; securing rights and liberties for all people. Can be seen as Utopian
Mutual benefit from international cooperation
Discredits power politics
Utopian think
A type of thinking in IR that isn’t realistic and can tend to be too optimistic to the reality of the situation
National Self Determination
Post world war 1, many countries particularly in the Middle East that were broken up from the ottoman empire, started to group together based on different demographics. They then began striving for statehood based on these ideals
Appeasement
The act of delaying or compromising with an aggressor in attempts to deescalate a situation.
Neville chamberlain against the Nazis
Balfour Declaration
A declaration from the UK to the zionest after world war 2 which deemed Palestine as the ‘jewish homeland’
Huntingtons Clash of Civilization
In a post Cold War world Huntington speculated that conflict would be created from cultural and religions differences as opposed conflict from ideological differences. Some examples of these groups; Hindu, western, islamic, Caribbean etc.
Fukyamas end of history
After the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the prevail of the western liberal democracy. Fukuyama speculates that This form of government is the furtherest form of government evolution. Liberal democracy promotes human right and liberties.
Constructivism
The newest mainstream International relations theory that emphases the importance of states actors identities on global politics. Born out of the Cold War. States that state will act in a manner that reflects both their individual identity as well as the states identity
Jus ad bellum
Should war be waged? The moral doctrine that sets up if a country should go to war
Jus in bello
How war should be waged to protect the lives and humanity of those who live in war torn countries. This doctrine, lead to the creation of the ICRC and the Geneva convention
Substantive criteria for a just war
right intention, just cause, proportionality of ends, last resort
Pre-emptive self deference
A country will attack another if they believe that they are a threat, before they can attack
UNCLOS
United Nations convention of the laws of the sea.
Territorial waters 12NM, EZZ 200NM, High seas past that
EEZ
Exclusive economic zones, the 200 NM out from a countries border in which that country has sole economic jurisdiction for fishing or mining
Solferino
In the battle of Solferino in the 1850, Swiss business Henry Durant saw the horrible bloodbath and humanity that was ignored especially of civilians. this lead him to advocate for the creation of the ICRC and the Geneva convention
ICRC
The international Committee of the Red Cross. established as a impartial independent organization that provides humanitarian aid to those in the war torn countries
R2P
The responsibility to protect. This was brought forth to the UN to address humanitarian like the genocides in the 1990 like Bosnia and Rwanda. In which countries that aren’t protecting their own citizens, the responsibility shift to the global stage, to intervene. They have 3 responsibility; to prevent, respond, and rebuild
4 uses for R2P
Genocide
War crimes
Ethnic cleansing
Crimes against humanity
Liberal Universalism
Alining with liberalism; It states that there should be universal moral standards that all countries would have to create laws around. There should be a group of share values that should be applied to all people
Dependency theory
A theory that through colonialism, 3rd world countries have been places at a disadvantage in the same capitalist economy that western countries.
Underdeveloped countries sell raw materials found in their countries for Cheap and then by back finished materials for higher.
Suggest that underdevelopment isn’t from inter factors but rather from external exploitation of cheap labor while they control the markets.
John Rawls veil of ignorance
To create a completely just system of government, all personal identity should be removed
Kyoto Protocol
A protocol that aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main target at its creation was to reduce greenhouse gasses by 5.2% over ten years. The U.S. did end up leaving due to the fact that other nations with similar GDP weren’t being help to the same standard
Paris Climate agreement
Created in 2015, the agreement calls for those participating to maintain global warming under 1.5 degrees, and pelge to go net zero by the second Half of the century.
