Final Exam

Question 1

Hobbs/ Leviathan

Answer 1

The foundation of the modern state
Hobbs states that WHERE THERE IS NO AUTHORITY THERE IS NO PEACE. There is nothing stoping people from harming each other

Question 2

Peace if Westphalia

Answer 2

In the 17th Century, after several war in Europe, the peace of Westphalia established physical boundaries within these boundaries, the state has the sole and complete justification over what happens.
War makes the state and states make the war

Question 3

Hegemony

Answer 3

A single great power that serves as a global force. Ex U.S. post Cold War

Question 4

Realism

Answer 4

A primary theory of IR that state states will act in the best interest for themselves and to assert the most power. Power politics/

Question 5

Anarchy

Answer 5

The absence of an ruling authority

Question 6

Security dilemma

Answer 6

When one state militarizes for security, another state will see that and in contract feel more insecure and then militarize in response

Question 7

Liberalism

Answer 7

A leading theory in IR that promotes the liberal idealist way of think that in the current day alines with the western system; securing rights and liberties for all people. Can be seen as Utopian

Mutual benefit from international cooperation

Discredits power politics

Question 8

Utopian think

Answer 8

A type of thinking in IR that isn’t realistic and can tend to be too optimistic to the reality of the situation

Question 9

National Self Determination

Answer 9

Post world war 1, many countries particularly in the Middle East that were broken up from the ottoman empire, started to group together based on different demographics. They then began striving for statehood based on these ideals

Question 10

Appeasement

Answer 10

The act of delaying or compromising with an aggressor in attempts to deescalate a situation.
Neville chamberlain against the Nazis

Question 11

Balfour Declaration

Answer 11

A declaration from the UK to the zionest after world war 2 which deemed Palestine as the ‘jewish homeland’

Question 12

Huntingtons Clash of Civilization

Answer 12

In a post Cold War world Huntington speculated that conflict would be created from cultural and religions differences as opposed conflict from ideological differences. Some examples of these groups; Hindu, western, islamic, Caribbean etc.

Question 13

Fukyamas end of history

Answer 13

After the fall of communism and the Soviet Union and the prevail of the western liberal democracy. Fukuyama speculates that This form of government is the furtherest form of government evolution. Liberal democracy promotes human right and liberties.

Question 14

Constructivism

Answer 14

The newest mainstream International relations theory that emphases the importance of states actors identities on global politics. Born out of the Cold War. States that state will act in a manner that reflects both their individual identity as well as the states identity

Question 15

Jus ad bellum

Answer 15

Should war be waged? The moral doctrine that sets up if a country should go to war

Question 16

Jus in bello

Answer 16

How war should be waged to protect the lives and humanity of those who live in war torn countries. This doctrine, lead to the creation of the ICRC and the Geneva convention

Question 17

Substantive criteria for a just war

Answer 17

right intention, just cause, proportionality of ends, last resort

Question 18

Pre-emptive self deference

Answer 18

A country will attack another if they believe that they are a threat, before they can attack

Question 19

UNCLOS

Answer 19

United Nations convention of the laws of the sea.
Territorial waters 12NM, EZZ 200NM, High seas past that

Question 20

EEZ

Answer 20

Exclusive economic zones, the 200 NM out from a countries border in which that country has sole economic jurisdiction for fishing or mining

Question 21

Solferino

Answer 21

In the battle of Solferino in the 1850, Swiss business Henry Durant saw the horrible bloodbath and humanity that was ignored especially of civilians. this lead him to advocate for the creation of the ICRC and the Geneva convention

Question 22

ICRC

Answer 22

The international Committee of the Red Cross. established as a impartial independent organization that provides humanitarian aid to those in the war torn countries

Question 23

R2P

Answer 23

The responsibility to protect. This was brought forth to the UN to address humanitarian like the genocides in the 1990 like Bosnia and Rwanda. In which countries that aren’t protecting their own citizens, the responsibility shift to the global stage, to intervene. They have 3 responsibility; to prevent, respond, and rebuild

4 uses for R2P
Genocide
War crimes
Ethnic cleansing
Crimes against humanity

Question 24

Liberal Universalism

Answer 24

Alining with liberalism; It states that there should be universal moral standards that all countries would have to create laws around. There should be a group of share values that should be applied to all people

Question 25

Dependency theory

Answer 25

A theory that through colonialism, 3rd world countries have been places at a disadvantage in the same capitalist economy that western countries.
Underdeveloped countries sell raw materials found in their countries for Cheap and then by back finished materials for higher.
Suggest that underdevelopment isn’t from inter factors but rather from external exploitation of cheap labor while they control the markets.

Question 26

John Rawls veil of ignorance

Answer 26

To create a completely just system of government, all personal identity should be removed

Question 27

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 27

A protocol that aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main target at its creation was to reduce greenhouse gasses by 5.2% over ten years. The U.S. did end up leaving due to the fact that other nations with similar GDP weren’t being help to the same standard

Question 28

Paris Climate agreement

Answer 28

Created in 2015, the agreement calls for those participating to maintain global warming under 1.5 degrees, and pelge to go net zero by the second Half of the century.