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PCM > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

During which phases of gait does the quadriceps most act? (menti question)
A) Midstance
B) Heel off/Terminal Stance
C) Foot flat/Loading Response
D) Toe off/Pre-swing

A

C) Foot flat/Loading Response

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2
Q

Describe this weight bearing precaution, NWB.

A

Non weight bearing, patient should not contact affected limb with ground.

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3
Q

Describe this weight bearing precaution, TTWB/TDWB.

A

Toe touch or touchdown weight bearing, “Dont crush the eggshell”

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4
Q

Describe this weight bearing precaution, PWB.

A

Partial weight bearing, Will be identified with a percentage (10%, 20%, 50%…)

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5
Q

Describe this weight bearing precaution, WBAT.

A

Weight bearing as tolerated, patient can increase pressure as it comfortable.

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6
Q

Describe this weight bearing precaution, FWB.

A

Full weight bearing, no restriction

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7
Q

Which of the following assistive devices would be best used for an individual who has moderately impaired balance and is PWB 25%?
(Menti)
A) Rolling walker
B) Quad Cane
C) Single point cane
D) 1-axillary crutch

A

A) Rolling walker

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8
Q

Which of the following is true when confirming the fit of the quad cane?

A) Cane in tripod stance, hand grip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.

B) Cane at aligned with femur, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.

C) Cane in tripod stance, handgrip at greater trochanter, elbow at 20-25°.

D) Cane 4 inches anterior to foot, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.

A

B) Cane aligned with femur, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.

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9
Q

Before you attempt to lift, pull, reach for, or carry an object, what are the required proper mechanics?

A

-Position yourself so that your COG and object’s COG are as close as possible.
-Increase your BOS.

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10
Q

What are common causes of back problems or discomfort?

A

-Faulty posture
-Stressful living and work habits
-Improper use of body mechanics
-Repetitive and sustained trauma
-Poor flexibility

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11
Q

What is a deep squat?

A

A deep squat is performed to positioned the hips BELOW the level of the knees.

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12
Q

What is a power squat?

A

In a power squat, only a HALF squat is performed so that the hips remain ABOVE the level of the knees.

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13
Q

What is One-leg Stance lift?
(Golfer’s Lift)

A

-Used for light object that can be lifted easily with one upper extremity.

-To pick up the object, the weight bearing lower extremity is partially flexed at the hip and knee, while the non-weight bearing lower extremity is extended to counter balance the forward movement of the trunk.
(Similar to the way a golfer picks up a ball from the tee)

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14
Q

What is Half-Kneeling lift?

A

The lifter aligns the body by kneeling on one knee positioned behind and on one side of the object and the opposite lower extremity to one side of the object with the flat foot and the hip and knee flexed approximately 90°. (When the object is grasped and lifted by the UE, place object on thigh and stand)

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15
Q

What is Traditional Lift?

A

This position requires a low COG and a wide BOS for the lifter. When the lifter grasps the object, it should be kept close to the body. The LE elevate the hips and pelvis to an upright position.

(A deep squat for lighter objects)

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16
Q

What is Stoop lift?
(Briefcase lift)

A

The object is below level of the waist, but can be reached without squatting and lifted with 1 UE

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17
Q

Describe the guideline for pushing and pulling activities.

A

-Face object squarely
-Use your arms and legs to push or pull; push with arms partially flexed
-Push/Pull in a straight line (Parallel to floor)
-Make sure there are no objects in path

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18
Q

Describe the guideline for reaching activities

A

-Stand on a footstool or ladder to reach or place an object above your head.
-Move the object close to you or move close to the object before grasping, lowering, or raising .
- Hold the object close to your body as you step down from or onto a footstool
-Do not simultaneously reach and twist your body

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19
Q

Describe the guidelines for carrying activities.

A

-When carrying an object, hold it close to your body; the best positions are in front of your body at the level of your waist or on back.
-If carrying an object in one hand, alternate carrying it in one hand and then the other; dont twist back
-Balance load
-Bulky or heavy objects can be carried on shoulder.
-Dont carry or balance children on one hip
-When a backpack is used, apply both straps

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20
Q

What are the principles for Proper posture?
(6 Points)

A

-Maintain normal anterior and posterior curves of the spine for balance and alignment.
-Stand and sit with your body erect so that shoulders and pelvis are level; avoid slouching or round back
-Stand with ankles, knees, hips, and shoulders aligned. Keep your head over the body
-Stand with your abdominal wall flat ], your head in neutral, shoulders level, chin parallel to floor and slightly tucked, body weight even placed on legs
-Avoid standing or sitting in one position for a prolonged time; occasionally alter your position
-When supine or partially lying on your side, flex your hips and knees. Use a pillow under or between the knees for support. Avoid lying prone

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of a Standard Adult wheelchair?

A

Designed for people under 200lbs and for limited use on rough surfaces; not designed for vigorous functional activities

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of a Heavy-duty adult wheelchair?

A

Constructed for people over 200lbs or for patients who perform vigorous functional activities

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of a Ultralight wheelchair?

A

Designed to be lightweight, may have a rigid or folding frame, can be made with titanium in a rigid or folding frame; weighs 12-30lbs.
-Good for propulsion and reduction in cumulative trauma in the UE.
-Weight capacity to 300lbs

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of intermediate or junior wheelchair?

A

Designed for people with a body build smaller than that of an adult but larger than that of a child

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25
Q

What are the characteristics of an indoor wheelchair?

A

Constructed for use indoors, with the larger drive wheels placed at the front of the chair and the caster wheels at the rear; it functions better in confined areas but is more difficult to propel and makes it more difficult for the user to perform many functional activities.

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26
Q

What are the characteristic of growing wheelchair?

A

Designed to permit adjustments in the frame to accommodate the growth of the user.

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of child or youth wheelchair?

A

Designed for children up to approximately 6 years old

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28
Q

What are the characteristics of a Hemiplegic wheelchair?

A

The seat is lowered approximately 2 inches to allow better use of the user’s LE to propel the chair; however, the lower seat may make it more difficult for the user to perform a standing transfer

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29
Q

What are the characteristics of a Amputee wheelchair?

A

The rear wheel axles are positioned approximately 2 inches posterior to their normal position to widen the BOS of the chair and compensate for the loss of the weight of the user’s LE.

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30
Q

What are the characteristics of a One-handed drive Wheelchair?

A

Two hand rims are fabricated on one drive wheel, and the two drive wheels are connected by a linkage bar; the smaller hand rim propels the near drive wheel, the large hand rim propels the far drive wheel, and both rims are moved simultaneously, both wheels are propelled.

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31
Q

What are the characteristics of a Externally powered wheelchair?

A

The chair is propelled by a deep-cycle battery system, and various types of controls are used to operate the chair. (Joystick, chin-piece, or mouthstick)

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32
Q

What are the characteristics of a Sport wheelchair?

A

A low-profiled, fix frame, lightweight chair with features such as a low back, canted rear wheels, fixed or adjustable axles, fixed or adjustable seat and backrest; can be bought or customized for various sports activities

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33
Q

What are the characteristics of a reclining wheelchair?

A

Used for persons who need to partially or fully recline at some time when they are in the chair; the chair may be semi-reclining or fully reclining.

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34
Q

When a medium sized object is below level of waist, but can be reached without squatting: a ____ lift can be performed?
A) Traditional
B) Stoop
C) One-Leg Step
D) Half-Kneeling

A

B) Stoop

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35
Q

What level of assistance is used if a patient requires only verbal cues to perform an activity safely and within an acceptable time frame?
A) Standby assistance
B) Contant Guarding
C) Minimum Assistance
D) Moderate Assistance

A

A) Standby assistance

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36
Q

As a clinician, you decide to complete a standing dependent pivot transfer with a patient. You would choose this transfer because:

A) The patient has >3/5 in the legs and one leg affected
B) The patient that >3/5 in the legs with both legs affected
C) The patient has <3/5 in the legs and arms >2/5
D) The patient has <3/5 in the legs and arms

A

B) The patient that >3/5 in the legs with both legs affected

37
Q

When a patient is able to do 25% to 49% of a transfer they are considered to require:

A) Dependent
B) Maximum Assistance
C) Moderate Assistance
D) Minimal Assistance

A

B) Maximum Assistance

38
Q

When rolling a pt. from supine to prone, towards the patient’s left side, the left UE should be positioned:
A) In the reverse T position
B) Across the body with the hand at the right shoulder
C) Overhead in full shoulder flexion, if the patient has the range

A

C) Overhead in full shoulder flexion, if the patient has the range

39
Q

During an upward movement transfer of a supine patient in bed, how should the patient’s LEs be positioned?
A) Fully extended on the bed
B) Crossed with one ankle on top of the other
C) With both hips fully adducted
D) With the hips and knees flexed and feet flat on the bed

A

D) With the hips and knees flexed and feet flat on the bed

40
Q

Which areas of the side-lying patient are at greatest risk for pressure sores?
A) Sternum, iliac crest, patellae, and lateral ears
B) lateral ears, lateral ribs, greater trochanters, humeral epicondyles
C) Occipital tuberosity, transverse processes of vertebrae, sacrum, heels
D) Forehead, spines of the scapulae, lesser trochanters, and fibular head

A

B) Lateral ears, lateral ribs, greater trochanters, humeral epicondyles

41
Q

If the seat is too long the wheelchair user may experience:
A) Increased sitting balance
B) Increased weight bearing on the ischial tuberosities
C) Increased pressure on the popliteal area
D) Compensatory lateral trunk lean

A

C) Increased pressure on the popliteal area

42
Q

The hemi wheelchair has the following feature/s:
A) Fixed frame, low back, canted rear wheels
B) Lowered seat by ~2 inches lower than the normal position
C) Large drive wheels placed at the front of the chair and casters at the back
D) Folding frame, weighs 12-30 lbs for efficient propulsion

A

B) Lowered seat by ~2 inches lower than the normal position

43
Q

Which of the following assistive devices would best be used for an individual who has minimally impaired balance and is partial weight bearing 25%?
A) Quad cane
B) 1-axillary crutch
C) Walker
D) Single point cane

A

C) Walker

44
Q

Single limb supported occurs in what areas of the stance phase?
(2 correct)
A) Initial contract
B) Loading Response
C) Mid Stance
D) Terminal Stance

A

C) Mid Stance

&

D) Terminal Stance

45
Q

Which of the following is true when confirming the fit of the hemi walker?
A) Front leg of HW in tripod stance, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow 20-25°
B) Front leg of HW at aligned with femur, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°
C) Back leg of HW at aligned with mid-point of the shoe handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°
D) Back leg of HW 4 inches anterior to foot, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°

A

C) Back leg of HW at aligned with mid-point of the shoe handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°

46
Q

A patient is s/p R CVA with L hemiplegia. The patient has been ambulating with a hemiwalker, which of the following is the BEST AD to progress pt?
A) Single axillary crutch
B) Platform walker
C) Large base quad cane
D) Bilateral lofstrand crutches

A

C) Large base quad cane

47
Q

The monitor that displaces the value for blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature, blood gases or cardiac patterns is the:
A) Vital signs monitor
B) Oximeter
C) Pulmonary Artery Catheter
D) Central venous pressure catheter

A

A) Vital signs monitor

48
Q

This type of bed is indicated for patients who have several infected lesions or require skin protection and whose position cannot be altered easily:
A) Posttrauma mobility bed
B) Low air loss therapy bed
C) Standard bed
D) Air-fluidized support bed

A

D) Air-fluidized support bed

49
Q

This type of feeding tube is inserted through the nostril and terminates in the stomach:
A) Nasogastric tube
B) Gastric tube
C) Intravenous (IV) feeding tube
D) Intravenous (IV) infusion line

A

A) Nasogastric tube

50
Q

Which of these is not an intracranial pressure monitor?
A) Subdural catheter
B) Subdual bold
C) Epidural transducer
D) Saline IV

A

D) Saline IV

51
Q

The ____ is inserted directly into the bladder through incision in the lower abdomen and bladder.
A) Suprapubic catheter
B) External catheter
C) Foley catheter
D) Tracheostomy

A

A) Suprapubic catheter

52
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how should you measure seat height/leg length? What is the average adult size?

A

Measures the users heel to popliteal fold and add 2 inches to allow clearance of the footrest.

19.5 - 20.5 inches

53
Q

Which wheelchair measurements will be impacted if the patient is utilizing a ROHO air cushion?

A

Everything will be impacted, except for seat depth or seat width

54
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how should you measure seat depth? What is the average adult size?

A

Measure from the user’s posterior buttock, along the lateral thigh, to the popliteal fold and subtract 2 inches to avoid pressure from the front edge of the seat against the popliteal space

16 inches

55
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how should you measure seat width? What is the average adult size?

A

Measure the widest aspect of the user’s butt, hips, or thighs and add approximately 1.5 inches to provide space for bulky clothing, orthosis, or clearance of the trochanters from the armrest side panel

18 inches

56
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how should you measure back height?
What is the average adult size?

A

Measure from the seat of the chair to the floor of the axilla with the user’s shoulder flexed to 90°, then subtract approximately 4 inches to allow the final back height to be below the inferior angles of the scapulae.

16 - 16.5 inches

57
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how should you measure Armrest height?
What is the average adult size?

A

Measure from the seat of the chair to the olecranon process with the user’s elbow flexed to 90°, and then add approximately 1 inch.

9 inches above the chair seat

58
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how do you confirm the seat height and leg length?

A

-Confirmation of fit occurs with the LE resting on the legrest; Proper fit will allow you to place 2 or 3 fingers under the patients thigh near the edge of the seat.
-The bottom of the footrest must be at least 2 inches from the floor with the chair on a level surface.
-A space of 2 inches provides adequate distance from the bottom of the footplate to the floor so the chair can be maneuvered easily and safely

59
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how do you confirm the seat depth?

A

-Proper fit will allow two or three fingers between the front edge of the seat and the user’s popliteal fold.

60
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how do you confirm the seat width?

A

-Proper fit will allow the placement of your hand, held vertically, between the user’s greater trochanter, hip, and the armrest panels with your hand positioned vertically to the seat.

61
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how do you confirm back height?

A

-A proper fit for a standard seat back will allow you to place four fingers, with your hand held vertically, between the top of the back upholstery and the floor of the user’s axilla.
-The inferior angles of the scapulae should be positioned approximately one fingerbreadth above the back upholstery when the user sits erect.

62
Q

When measuring a wheelchair, how do you confirm armrest height?

A

-Observe position of the shoulder
-Observe position of the truck
-The user should be able to sit with the truck erect, the back against the upholstery and the shoulders level when bearing weight on the forearms as they rest on the armrest.

63
Q

What are some potential side affects if the seat hight is not properly fitted? (Too high vs. Too low)

A

If the seat is too high:
- Insufficient trunk support
-difficulty positioning the knees beneath a table or desk
-Difficulty propelling the wheelchair due to difficulty reaching the hand rims on the drive wheels.
-Difficulty propelling the wheelchair using the LE and a heel strike technique
-Poor posture when the forearms rest on the armrest

If the seat is too low:
-The user may experience difficulty performing different transfers (squat pivot, lateral scoot, or sliding board).
-May cause improper weight distribution while the person is seated, can potentially displace the person’s weight posteriorly

64
Q

What are some potential side affects if the leg length is not properly fitted?
(Too low vs. Too high)

A

If the footplates are too low:
-There may be increased pressure on the distal posterior aspect of the thigh
-Decreased function of the UE when propelling the chair secondary to poor posture
-Unsafe wheelchair mobility secondary to lack of sufficient footplate clearance from the floor or ground surface

If the footplates are too high:
-May experience increased pressure to the ischial tuberosities
-Difficulties positioning chair beneath a table or desk
-Decreased trunk stability caused by lack of support by the posterior area of the thighs

65
Q

What are some potential side affects if seat depth is not properly fitted?
(Too short vs Too long)

A

If seat is too short from front to back:
-May experience decreased trunk stability secondary to less support under the thighs
-Increased weight bearing on the ischial tuberosities because the body weight will be shifted posteriorly as a result of lack of support to the thighs
-Poor sitting balance due to the BOS being reduced.

If seat is too long from front to back:
-May experience increased pressure in the popliteal area, leading to skin discomfort or compromised circulation.

66
Q

What are some potential side affects if seat width is not properly fitted?
(Too wide vs Too narrow)

A

If the seat is too wide:
-May experience difficulty propelling the chair when using the UE because the distance to the hands rims is increased
-Difficulty performing a lateral transfer because the wheelchair user will need to move the body over a greater distance
-Difficulty moving through narrow hallways or doorways or using public restrooms facilities
-Postural deviations because of the increased tendency to lean to one side of the chair for support

If the seat is too narrow:
-May experience difficulty changing positions secondary to insufficient space needed for adjusting positions
-Increased contact with armrest panel leading to excessive pressure at the greater trochanter
-Difficulty wearing bulky outer garments, orthosis, or braces because of insufficient space

67
Q

What are some potential side affects if back height is not properly fitted?
(Too high vs Too low)

A

If the back is too high:
-May experience difficulty propelling the chair because it will be more difficult to use the arms comfortably
-Excessive irritation to the skin over the inferior angles of the scapuae may occur as they rub against the upholstery
-Difficulties with balance, trunk may be too inclined forward by the high back.

If the back is too low:
-May experience decreased trunk stability or increased postural deviations secondary to the availability of less support from the chair back.

68
Q

What are some potential side affects if the armrest height is not properly fitted?
(Too high vs Too low)

A

If the armrest is too high:
-May experience problems propelling the chair because it will be difficult to reach over the high armrest to grasp the hand rims
-Difficulty performing a standing or squat pivot transfer because the height requires the arms to be positioned in a poor functional position to push to stand
-Postural deviations as a result of elevated shoulders when resting the forearms on the armrest
-Limited use of the armrest caused by discomfort when trying to use them, leading to decreased trunk stability and fatigue.

If the armrest is too low:
-Poor posture or back discomfort caused by excessive forward trunk inclination when leaning forward to place the forearms on the armrest
-Increased abdominal discomfort when leaning forward
-Inadequate balance
-Difficulty to a standing position from the chair because the armrest are too low to offer support when pushing to stand.

69
Q

What are some factors associated with selection of a wheelchair type and components?

A

-The impairment
-Safety
-Age, size of patient, stature and weight
-Reliability
-Patients needs
-Temporary vs Permanent use of chair
-Cost
-Cosmetic features

70
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Fixed Armrests?

A

-Permanently attached to chair frame
-Recommended for users performing standing transfers and who have no need to remove the armrest

71
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Removable Armrest?

A

-Removable armrest are recommended for users who perform lateral scoot, squat pivot, or sliding board transfer while in a seated position.
-Armrest is removed by pressing the locking mechanism and pulling the armrest upward. Usually secured to the frame by a pin and lock

72
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Desk or Cutout Armrest?

A

-Recommended for users who wish to position the wheelchair close to a permanent surface such as a desk, table, sink or countertop
-Can usually be reversed to improve anterior support when the wheelchair user performs a standing transfer.

73
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Caster Wheels?

A

-Usually located at the front of the chair to permit changes of direction and turns
-Usually 5 or 8 inches in diameter and may have solid rubber, pneumatic (air-filled), or semipneumatic ( Partially air-filled) tires.

74
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Drive or Rear Wheels?

A

-Used to propel the chair, has solid rubber, pneumatic, or semineumatic tires
-The hand rim may be molded to the wheel rim or separated from the rim
-Hand rim may have vertical, horizontal or angled projections, may be coated with plastic to make propelling easier when pt. has decreased hand function

75
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for One-Arm-Drive chair? (Type of wheel)

A

-Used for independent propulsion when the user only has one functional UE and no functional LEs. –Two hand rims are attached to the same wheel.
(The outer, larger rim propels the far-drive wheel)
(The inner, smaller rim propels the near-drive wheel)
-When the user grasps and moves both hands rims simultaneously, the chair is propelled in a straight line forward or backwards. [linkage bar connects the two drive wheels]

76
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Toggle Locks?

A

-Can operate the brake on a wheelchair by pushing it forward or backwards
-Before initiating a transfer or when wheelchair mobility is not needed, activating the toggle locks prevents the chair from moving, makes for safer transfers
-While chair is in motion, the toggle lock should not be used as a brake to stop the chair or to retard the motion of the chair

77
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Z or Scissors Locks?

A

-Located beneath the chair seat toward the front of the seat rail.
-The user must be able to reach under the seat to operate the lock

78
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Auxiliary Lock for a reclining back chair?

A

-Necessary to release the back and to increase the wheelbase when the back is reclined.
-An attendant is needed to engage and disengage the lock

79
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Caster Locks?

A

-Used to lock the caster wheels to prevent them from turning.
-Locks usually have a pin or small flat metal bar that engages a hole or notch
-Caster locks are an optional item for most wheelchair

80
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Fixed Footrests?

A

-Attached permanently to the wheelchair frame.
-Can be elevated or raised from a horizontal to a vertical position when the user rises, sits, or desires to place his or her feet on the floor
-Prevents the chair from being positioned close to and directly in front of most objects

81
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Elevating Legrests?

A

-The entire front rigging can be elevated and maintained at different heights.
-Useful for those who are unable to fully flex their knees or when knee flexion must be avoided
-Legrest remains elevated by a serrated cam or small gear, which engages a serrated piece of metal on the legrest.
-Front rigging usually can be pivoted outward or removed from the chair to aid transfer activites, and the length of the legrest can be adjusted to accommodate the pt. LE when its elevated

82
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Footrest?

A

-Also called footplate, available in various shapes and sizes depending on the patient’s needs.
-May have toe or heel loop to help maintain the footrest

83
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Lap (Waist) Belt?

A

-Is not a restraint, but used for safety and posture
-Attached to the frame of the chair, designed to prevent the patient from falling out of the chair or sliding forward in the chair
-Belt crosses user’s lower abdomen or pelvis

84
Q

What are the wheelchair components and features for Chest Belt?

A

-Attached to the frame of the chair at the mid-chest level.
-Increases truck stability and prevents user from falling out of the wheelchair and helps maintain the body in an upright
-For greater security, the chest belt may be used in combination with a lap belt.

85
Q

What is the use of the Anti-tippers in a wheelchair?

A

Its an additional safety feature that can prevent the chair from tipping completely backwards when trying to elevate caster wheels.

86
Q

What are the features of a Standard Adjustable Bed?

A

-Has electronic controls at head and foot of bed on the side rail or a special cord.
-Bed can be raised or lowered as a whole, and the upper and lower part of the bed can be adjusted separated.
-Has side rails for patient security
-Patient has access to “Call button” to contact nursing personnel

87
Q

What are the features of a Air-Fluidized Support Bed (Clinitron)?

A

-A rectangular or ovoid bed that has silicone-coated glass beads.
-Heated, pressurized air flows through the beads to support the patient
-Patient feels like they’re floating on a warm waterbed
-FOR PATIENTS WHO HAVE INFECTED LESIONS OR REQUIRE SKIN PROTECTION AND WHOSE POSITION CANNOT BE ALTERED EASILY; PROLONGED IMMOBILIZATION

88
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of the Air-Fluidized Bed?

A

Advantages:
-Reduces the need for application of medication
-Air temp. can be controlled
-Reduces pressure on the skin, and pressure injuries are less likely to develop

Disadvantages:
-A sharp object can puncture the polyester cover
-Air flowing across the patient’s skin may cause body fluids to evaporate more rapidly than normal.
-Very expensive

89
Q

What are the features of a Posttrauma Mobility Bed (Roto-Rest)?

A

-Designed to maintain a seriously injured patient in a stable position and maintain proper postural alignment
-The bed oscillates from side to side like a cradle-like motion to reduce pressure on skin
-Are indicated for patients with restrictive respiratory function or advanced or multiple pressure injuries or for patients who require stabilization and skeletal alignment after extensive trauma

PCM (2 decks)

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