Final Exam Flashcards
Dogs (6), Cats (6), Ruminants (6), Horses (6), Wildlife (3), Marine mammals (3)
Describe the epidemiology of canine herpes
Present worldwide. Kennels have high rates of infection, and many dogs will be found to have life-long latent states of infection
Canines of what age are at highest risk for disease with canine herpes?
1-3 weeks old
(transmission of body fluids through droplets/aerosol)
What are the clinical signs of canine herpes
Vary widely- depression, hypothermia, painful crying, anorexia, respiratory distress, soft stool, nasal discharge
Pseudorabies (Mad Itch/Aujezsky’s Disease) in dogs is associated with what activity?
Hunting feral pigs or feeding infected meat to dogs
What are the clinical signs of Pseudorabies (Mad Itch/Aujezsky’s Disease) in dogs?
Pruritis (itchiness), jaw and pharynx paralysis followed by drooling, signs simulate rabies however they don’t become aggressive to other animals of humans
Pseudorabies is caused by which type of virus?
herpesvirus
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV 1) is caused by which type of virus?
Adenovirus
What is the common name for Infectious Canine Tracheobronchitis (CAV2)
Kennel cough
**Caused by adenovirus)
What are some defining characteristics of kennel cough?
- Dry hacking cough
- typically seen in crowded conditions such as shelters or daycares
- develops 5-10 days after exposure to infected dogs
Which canine virus causes the following:
- Warts seen in the mouth or paws
- bad breath
- can lead to difficulty eating and drinking if clusters become too large
- warts may induce cancer and require surgery
Canine Papilomavirus
Which canine virus causes the following:
- highly contagious disease that affects dogs of all ages
- puppies less than 6 months are most susceptible
- CS: fever, depression, lethargy, anorexia, bloody vomit/diarrhea
- can cause myocarditis in puppies (used to be more common, now more rare because of passive immunity from mom)
Canine parvovirus 2 infection
Which canine virus causes the following:
- causes mild enteritis and respiratory disease
- can be a co-infection with parvo and exacerbate the infection
- transmitted through contact with oral secretions or infected feces
Canine coronavirus (CCV)
Which canine virus causes the following:
- disease is highly contagious and often fatal
- virus is shed in all bodily secretions
- immunosuppression is the dominant effect of infection
- recovery from infection leads to life long immunity
- CS: fever, gunky eyes, nasal discharge, bronchitis, coughing, gastroenteritis, can cause CNS signs like gum smacking, incoordnation, muscle tremors (chorea)
Canine distemper (CDV)
What type of virus causes canine distemper?
Paramyxovirus
Which canine virus causes the following:
- unstable in environment and exhibits antigenic shift and drift with many serotypes
- respiratory signs
- greyhounds more susceptible? they die quickly or something
Canine influenza
Which canine virus causes the following:
- virus is unstable in environment
- CS: inappetence, CNS symptoms, restlessness, hydrophobic, hypersensitive, unable to swallow saliva
Rabies (rhabdovirus)
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- Part of the feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex
- CS: rhinitis and pharyngitis, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and dendridic corneal ulcers
- fading kitten syndrome
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus)
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- Part of the feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex
- respiratory type: dyspnea, tongue, gingivia, and hard palate ulcers, affects mucosal cells
- lymphoreticular type: affects younger kittens 4-10 weeks old, limping, stiffness, soreness, affects synovial tissue
- virulent systemic: spreads via fomites, resp disease progresses causing vascular injury, edema, fever, ulcerative dermaitits
Feline calicivirus infection (FCV)
caused by herpesvirus
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- lethargy, anorexia, fever, V/D, abortion, dehydration, ataxia with cerebellar hypoplasia
Feline Panlekopenia Virus
-if you get smacked with a pan you will not be right in the head (thanks kelsie)
Which type of virus causes feline panleukopenia virus?
Parvovirus
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- chronic disease is possible by immune compromise
- transmitted through direct contact, vertical or horizontal
- most common cause of lymphoma cancer in cats
- won’t show signs in the beginning, will deteriorate over time
Feline leukemia virus
What type of virus causes feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus?
retrovirus
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- seen mostly in male cats (cause they fight)
- CS: enlargement of lymph nodes, reduction in LN, anemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, uveitis, glomerulonephiritis
- can lead to secondary clinical syndromes associated with immunosuppression
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- more cats get diagnosed with this virus than dogs
- CS: inappetence, anxitey, CNS signs, restlessness, hypersensitive, wandering, biting/aggression
Rabies virus
Which feline virus is classified by the following:
- wet form: effusion into the thorax and abdomen, pyogranuloma and fibrinous plaques on serosal surfaces of abdominal organs, dyspnea, muffled heart sounds, uveitis, changes in iris coloration
- dry form: occular lesions and CNS signs more common, granulomas in abdominal cavity leading to granulomas, fatality is high
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
What type of virus causes FIP?
coronavirus
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- mild often recurrent disease in dairy cattle
- associated with poor hygiene on udders and inguinal area
- be careful of secondary bacteria infections
- zoonotic and reportable
- proliferative lesions
Pseudocowpox
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- common infection in beef cattle
- lesions in hard palate or around lips
Bovine papular stomatitis virus
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- Part of bovine respiratory disease complex
- seen in beef feedlots
- ocular and nasal discharge, ear droop or head tilt, cough, rapid breathing and fever
- excessive salivation in live cows leading to death
- corneal keratitis and ulceration
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV-1)
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- cornified/raised lesions
- teat warts
- can lead to chronic infections, self-healing most of the time
Bovine papillomatosis (papillomavirus)
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- major cause of viral gastroenteritis in young animals, common in crowded facilities
- diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, loss of fluids and electrolytes, severe dehydration, and death
Rotavirus A Diarrhea
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- Petechial (capillary) hemorrhage is characteristic
- infections are common but rarely clinical
- reportable
Bluetongue virus
(Reovirus)
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- part of bovine resp disease complex
- range from mild infection to severe bronchitis and intersititial pneumonia- wet lungs on necropsy
- quick onset death
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus
(paramyxovirus)
What is a defining characteristic of rinderpest?
Globally eradicated via mass Vx of cattle
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- oral ulcers and ulceration around the hooves
- zoonotic and reportable
vesicular stomatitis virus (Rhabadovirus)
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- part of BRD complex
- oral ulcerations
- head extended and back arched from respiratory disease
- repro- abortions, spastic/dummy calf disease
- lesions noticed upon necropsy on peyers patches
- neuro- cerebellar hypoplasia
Bovine viral diarrhea
What type of virus causes Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus?
pestivirus
(diarrhea is a pest)
Which bovine virus is classified by the following:
- cannot be cooked out of meat
- brain degeneration and vacuolation on necropsy
Mad cow disease
caused by a prion
Which small ruminant virus is classified by the following:
- lambs may spread to the udders of ewes
- spread rapidly in flocks via scabs in the environment
- recovered animals are immune for a few months
- 3-6 month old lambs develop lesions in the oral musculocutaneous/oral commissures, muzzle and nostrils
- zoonotic
Contagious Ecthyma Virus (Orf)
Which small ruminant virus is classified by the following:
- seen in sheep
- decreased milk production, masititis, decreased weight gain, increased mortality in lambs
- signs typically slow and progressive
- respiratory distress
- need to cull all affected animals
Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)
Which small ruminant virus is classified by the following:
- decreased milk production, mastitis, decreased weight gain, higher mortality in kids
- proliferative arthritis
- respiratory distress
- cull all affected animals
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
Which type of virus causes OPP in sheep and Caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats
retrovirus
Which small ruminant virus is classified by the following:
- occurs in late summer to early fall
- CS: loss of fleece, abortion, fever, nasal discharge, salivation, swelling, edema, ulceration of tongue, foot lesions, rapid loss of condition
reportable
Bluetongue virus (Catarrhal fever)
what type of virus causes bluetongue?
Reovirus
Which small ruminant virus is classified by the following:
- damage to nerve cells leads to behavioral changes, tremors, pruritis
- incoordination that leads to recumbency and death
Scrapie (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies)
Prion disease
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- lameness, colic, hyperesthesia, ataxia, paresis and paralysis, encephalopathy, behavior changes, vocalization
- zoonotic
Rabies
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- painful vesicles in the mouth and on the lips leading to anorexia, salivation, fever
- zoonotic and reportable
vesicular stomatitis virus
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- predilection for nervous tissue
- ataxia, limb weakness, tremors, ascending paresis to paralysis
- horses are dead end host
West Nile Virus
What type of virus causes West Nile?
Arbovirus
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- transmitted by insect
- replicates in macrophages
- fever, depression, ataxia, anorexia, muscle tremors, paralysis
- 100% mortality
- zoonotic
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE)
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- rare
- transmitted thru insect bite
- replicates in macrophages
- less severe neuro CS compared to EEE
- higher survival rate
Western equine encephlitis virus
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- younger horses, cough, fever, severe morbidity, can be fatal
- high fever (103-106)
- be aware of secondary bacterial infections
Equine influenza virus
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- respiratory: rhinopneumonitis, fever, lethargy, nasal discharge, watery eyes, cough, effects younger horses
- neurologic: equine herpes myeloencephalopathy, respiratory distress, fever, proprioceptive defecits, paresis, ataxia, urine dribbling, decreased anal tone
- abortion: typically late gestation abortion with no warning, aborted fetus membranes are highly infectious
Equine herpesvirus 1 and Equine herpesvirus 4
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- lifelong infection leading to euthanasia
- transmitted though biting flies
- pyrexia, anemia, weight loss and weakness
Equine infectious anemia (swamp fever)
What type of virus causes EIA
retrovirus
Which equine virus is classified by the following:
- primary diarrhea virus for foals
- colic, abdominal distension, anorexia, profuse watery diarrhea
- zoonotic
Rotavirus A diarrhea
Which wildlife virus is classified by the following:
- most important viral disease of deer in the US
- damage to small blood vessels, fluid loss and hemorrhage, tissue damage
- range from sudden death to chronic
- reddening of periocular skin and nostrils
- ataxia and blindness
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and Bluetongue
Which wildlife virus is classified by the following:
- Deer and elk
- brain degeneration and vacuolation
- progressive loss of condition and wasting away
Chronic wasting disease
What type of virus causes Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease and Bluetongue in wild deer populations?
Orbivirus
The most common source of human rabies in the US is from which species?
Bats
Which wildlife species can become infected with canine distemper?
Raccoons, ref foxes, wild dogs, big cats (lions and tigers), pandas, seals, ferrets
What wildlife species can become infected with EEE?
Emu, ostrich, pheasants
What wildlife species can become infected with west nile virus?
Crows, blue jays, alligators
Which aquatic mammal virus is classified by the following:
- sealpox
- seals and walrus
- lesions on skin or mucosal surface of the mouth or nasal passages
- zoonotic
Pinniped Parapoxvirus
Which aquatic mammal virus is classified by the following:
- dolphins and whales
- transmission associated with stressful conditions like poor water quality or underlying ill health
- hyperpigmented skin lesions described as ring, pinhole, and tattoo lesions
- tattoo skin disease
Cetacean poxvirus
Which aquatic mammal virus is classified by the following:
- dolphins and whales
- mucosal lesions in digestive, genital, ans respiratory tracts
- hx of abortion and perinatal mortality w genital lesions
Cetacean gammaherpesvirus
Which aquatic mammal or fish virus is classified by the following:
- economically important in freshwater farming
- young catfish
- distended abdomen
- lethargy, hemorrhage at the base of fins
Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) Ictalurid Herpesvirus 1
Which aquatic mammal or fish virus is classified by the following:
- young seals
- depression, anorexia, crusting conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, dyspnea, pneumonia with high mortality
Phocine distemper
Which aquatic mammal or fish virus is classified by the following:
- dolphins and whales
- skin lesions, pneumonia, brain infections and secondary infections
- virus targets brain and lungs
Cetacean morbillivirus (CMV)
Which aquatic mammal or fish virus is classified by the following:
- sea lion host
- lesions in skin vesicles most prevalent on the dorsal surface of the fore flippers, erode leaving shallow, fast-healing ulcers
San miguel sea lion virus (Calicivirus)
Which aquatic mammal or fish virus is classified by the following:
- economically important in freshwater farming
- swelling, inappetence, darkening of skin
Infectious pancreatic necrosis
