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Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

If a scientist studies new ways to make batteries for electric cars, it is considered…

A

Technology

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2
Q

According to the textbook, what question is answered by science?

A

How?

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3
Q

For scientific study, which of these must occur?
a. testing and logic
b. philosophy and psychology
c. understanding and wisdom
d. observation and testing

A

d. observation and testing

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4
Q

In science, facts ______ _________.

A

can change

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5
Q

What can be used to explain many phenomena within a particular area of science?

A

Theories

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6
Q

If pulled rapidly, a tablecloth can be pulled out from under a table full of dishes without the dishes moving. This is because the dishes have…

A

inertia.

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7
Q

A car and a truck are speeding down I-24 at 75mph. The ______ has more inertia because it has more ______.

A

Truck; mass

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8
Q

If you go to the moon, your mass would…

A

be the same as on earth.

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9
Q

What is defined as a push or a pull?

A

Force

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10
Q

A book is sitting on a table without moving. What is true of the force on the book?

A

The net force on the book is zero.

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11
Q

the only difference between speed and velocity is…

A

velocity includes direction and speed does not.

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12
Q

If a car is driving towards the south and the net force on the car is toward the north, the car will…

A

Slow down

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13
Q

A rock is dropped from a tall cliff under free fall conditions. How far will the rock fall in 4 seconds?

A

80m

d=1/2gt^2 = 1/2 (10)(4)^2 = 80m

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14
Q

A rock is dropped from a tall cliff under free fall conditions. How fast will the rock be falling 3 seconds after it is dropped?

A

30m/s

v = gt = 10(3) = 30m/s

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15
Q

Which of these is not true about free fall (on earth)?
a. acceleration is 10m/s
b. an object will reach terminal velocity if it falls far enough.
c. the only force is gravity.
d. all objects fall at the same rate.

A

b. An object will reach terminal velocity if it falls far enough.

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16
Q

Newton’s Laws of Motion indicate that if an object is in motion and the net force is zero, the object will…

A

continue in a straight line at the same speed.

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17
Q

what is the weight of a box whose mass is 20kg?

A

200 N

w = 20(10) = 200N

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18
Q

If a feather and a rock are dropped under free fall conditions,

A

the rock and the feather will hit the ground at the same time.

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19
Q

If a feather and a rock are dropped and they fall through the air,

A

the rock will hit the ground first.

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20
Q

Which of these is not true about terminal velocity?
a. acceleration is zero.
b. all objects fall with the same velocity
c. velocity is constant
d. weight = air resistance

A

b. all objects fall with the same velocity

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21
Q

True or false, if a ball is rolling down a ramp, the support force will be straight up.

A

False, the support force will be perpendicular to the surface of the ramp - at an angle.

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22
Q

True or false, if a ball is rolling down a ramp, the gravitational force will be straight down.

A

True

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23
Q

If a ball is rolling down a ramp, the frictional force will be ____________________.

A

up the ramp.

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24
Q

A box is sitting on a table with a force of 25N to the left and 5 N to the right. What is the net force on the box?

A

20N to the left.

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25
Q

A box is sitting on a table with a force of 25N to the left and 5 N to the right. Assume the box is sliding to the left when these forces are applied. The box will….

A

Speed up.

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26
Q

A box is sitting on a table with a force of 25N to the left and 5 N to the right. If the box is being pushed to the left, the frictional force is…

A

25N

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27
Q

A man kicks a soccer ball. According to Newton’s 3rd law, what is the reaction force?

A

The ball hits the man’s foot.

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28
Q

If a circus performer falls into a net they are not hurt, but if they fall directly onto the floor they are hurt. This is because falling into a net…

A

causes their momentum to change over a longer period of time.

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29
Q

For an object to have momentum, it must have both mass and __________.

A

Velocity.

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30
Q

If momentum changes over a short period of time,

A

a large force is required to cause the change in momentum.

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31
Q

Energy due to height is…

A

Potential energy.

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32
Q

Power is measured in _________.

A

Watts.

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33
Q

Energy is measured in ________.

A

Joules.

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34
Q

A circus performer is high on a platform. He dives off the platform towards the floor. As he falls, his potential energy is converted to…

A

Kinetic energy

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35
Q

When we “use all of our energy resources”, what is happening?

A

we are converting useful forms of energy into non-useful forms of energy.

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36
Q

True or false: there is a gravitational attraction between you and the pencil you are holding.

A

True.

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37
Q

True or false: if I go into deep space beyond our solar system, there is still a gravitational attraction between me and the earth.

A

True

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38
Q

We know that there is less gravity on the moon than on earth. This means,

A

the moon has less mass than the earth.

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39
Q

In the space station, astronauts are weightless because…

A

they do not have a supporting force.

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40
Q

The horizontal motion of a projectile is controlled by…

A

inertia

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41
Q

A man shoots an arrow. Without gravity, the arrow would follow a straight-line path. With gravity, after two seconds it will be ______ below that straight-line path.

A

20m

d = 10(2) = 20m

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42
Q

A spaceship is in a circular orbit around the earth. What will happen if it decreases its speed?

A

It will fall to the earth

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43
Q

The speed of a satellite in a circular orbit ________________________________.

A

Is always the same

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44
Q

A satellite in an elliptical orbit is fastest when it is _______________________.

A

closest to the earth.

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45
Q

The earth is in ____________________.

A

An elliptical orbit

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46
Q

In a fluid, pressure is greater at the _______ of the fluid.

A

bottom

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47
Q

According to Archimedes’ Principle, the buoyant force is equal to….

A

the weight of the water displaced by the object.

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48
Q

An object with a density of 0.9g/mL will ________ when placed in water.

A

Float

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49
Q

A piece of metal shaped into a bowl is able to float on water because…

A

it displaces more water

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50
Q

The pressure of a gas in a container is caused by…

A

the gas molecules hitting the walls of the container.

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51
Q

A typical atmospheric pressure is…

A

760 mm Hg
(also 14.7 psi, 1 atm, or 30 in Hg)

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52
Q

a person is able to suck a drink into a straw because…

A

air pressure pushes the drink into the straw after the air is sucked out of the straw.

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53
Q

A helium balloon rises into the air when released because…

A

Helium has a lower density than air.

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54
Q

An airplane wing is designed to make the airflow slower _______ the wing.

A

under

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55
Q

Where is air pressure greatest during a severe storm?

A

inside a house

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56
Q

On which temperature scale is absolute zero actually equal to zero?

A

Kelvin

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57
Q

When the temperature of a substance is increased….

A

the molecules in the substance move faster

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58
Q

True or False: scientists have never reached absolute zero, but they are very close and could reach it in the near future.

A

False, scientists will never reach absolute zero.

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59
Q

Heat is measured in _________.

A

Joules

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60
Q

True or False: on a cold winter day, the cold moves through the window to the inside of the house.

A

False, heat flows outside through the glass in the windows.

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61
Q

By natural processes, entropy _________.

A

increases

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62
Q

Water has a heat capacity that is ________ _______.

A

unusually high

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63
Q

When the humidity is high and there is lots of water in the air…

A

there is a small difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures.

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64
Q

Some lakes never freeze in the winter even though they are in very cold areas. Why is that?

A

The lake is too deep, and all the water never cools to 4 degrees celcius.

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65
Q

Ice has a _______ density than liquid water.

A

lower

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66
Q

convection occurs __________________________________.

A

primarily in liquids and gases

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67
Q

A hot drink is placed in a cup. What causes the outside of the cup to gradually get hot?

A

conduction

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68
Q

In convection, a cool gas _______.

A

sinks

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69
Q

Areas with a desert climate generally exist where the air tends to _______.

A

sink

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70
Q

Because the sun is hot, it emits light with _______ wavelengths.

A

short

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71
Q

X-rays are able to penetrate into our body because they have _________ wavelengths.

A

short

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72
Q

What greenhouse gas is formed when we burn fossil fuels?

A

Carbon dioxide

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73
Q

When steam condenses to a liquid, it _________ energy.

A

releases

74
Q

When a solid is converted directly to a gas, it is called _______________.

A

sublimation

75
Q

When we sweat, the sweat cools our body primarily by the process of ___________.

A

evaporation

76
Q

A proton has __________ charge

A

positive

77
Q

two electrons are _________ _____ one another.

A

repelled by

78
Q

Electric current is due to the flow of ___________ through a wire.

A

electrons

79
Q

amperes are related to…

A

the number of charges that flow through a circuit in one second.

80
Q

Silicon serves as a(n) ___________________.

A

semiconductor

81
Q

If a substance has no resistance, it is called a(n) ____________________.

A

superconductor

82
Q

The wires in a space heater need to have relatively ________ resistance.

A

high

83
Q

True or False: All working electrical devices have a magnetic field around them.

A

True

84
Q

An external source of energy is used to spin a turbine, which causes a coil of wire to spin between two magnets. This is the basis of ______________________.

A

a generator

85
Q

Batteries provide ____ current.

A

DC

86
Q

Light waves are ____________ waves.

A

transverse

87
Q

A bright light has high ___________.

A

amplitude

88
Q

Sometimes sound travels farther than at other times. What causes this?

A

refraction

89
Q

the siren of a fire truck has a __________ frequency when the truck is coming toward you.

A

higher

90
Q

a green leaf absorbs light that is _______.

A

red

91
Q

when mixing paint, which colors work best?

A

the subtractive primary colors (maroon, yellow, and cyan)

92
Q

What color is between orange and green in the visible spectrum?

A

yellow

93
Q

the appearance of a pencil in water is distorted due to _________.

A

refraction

94
Q

Which color of light is scattered most by nitrogen and oxygen molecules?

A

blue

95
Q

an example of dispersion is ____________.

A

a rainbow

96
Q

Which particle has a charge of -1?

A

Electrons

97
Q

Which particle is found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

protons and neutrons

98
Q

How many elements are found in nature?

A

90

99
Q

Which particles have a mass of 1amu?

A

protons and neutrons

100
Q

the mass of an atom is determined by the number of…

A

protons and neutrons

101
Q

the identity of an element is determined by its number of …

A

protons

102
Q

Which of these is a transition metal?
a) Mg
b) Si
c) Ti
d) U

A

c) Ti

103
Q

Which of these is a metalloid?
a) Mg
b) Si
c) Ti
d) U

A

b) Si

104
Q

What group is Sulfur (S) in?

A

16

105
Q

Uranium-235 and Uranium-238 differ in the number of…

A

neutrons

106
Q

Which of these elements would you expect to be a better conductor of electricity?
a) Zn
b) P

A

a) Zn

107
Q

Which of these atoms is the largest?
a) Li
b) F
c) Cs
d) At

A

c) Cs

108
Q

Which of these elements is most likely to be malleable?
a) Ni
b) N
c) Br

A

a) Ni

109
Q

If an element is a gas at room temperature, it is a…

A

nonmetal

110
Q

When electrons go into an atom, which shells are filled first?

A

Those closest to the nucleus

111
Q

The line spectrum of an element is the result of _____________ moving to different energy levels.

A

Electrons

112
Q

Which process can be used to treat cancer?

A

Radioactivity

113
Q

Which process uses hydrogen as a fuel source?

A

Fusion

114
Q

Which process is referred to as “splitting the atom”

A

Fission

115
Q

Which process occurs in the sun?

A

Fusion

116
Q

Which process is used in nuclear power plants?

A

Fission

117
Q

Which type of radiation is represented by the symbol 0/-1B?

A

Beta

118
Q

Which type of radiation is most able to penetrate into our bodies?

A

Gamma

119
Q

Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons?

A

Alpha

120
Q

An isotope has a half-life of two days. If you start with 1000g of this isotope, how much will be left after four days?

A

250g

121
Q

Transmutation refers to…

A

converting one element to a different element

122
Q

Ionizing radiation knocks __________ out of atoms.

A

electrons

123
Q

A free radical…

A

has an unpaired electron in it

124
Q

radiation is most likely to affect ___________-growing tissue.

A

fast

125
Q

The age of a ___________ could be determined by carbon-14 dating.

A

bone

126
Q

Where does energy come from in fission?

A

a small amount of mass is converted to energy

127
Q

In fission, the chain reaction is caused by ___________.

A

neutrons

128
Q

True or false: The most common type of nuclear reactor in the United States is a Breeder Reactor.

A

False

129
Q

What is the purpose of a control rod in a nuclear reactor?

A

it absorbs excess neutrons

130
Q

The fuel pellets used in a nuclear power plant must be…

A

below critical mass

131
Q

which process requires a very high temperature?

A

fusion

132
Q

True or false: Fusion reactors are common in the united states.

A

false

133
Q

True or false: Fusion produces more pollution than fission

A

false

134
Q

Cl2 is…

A

an element

135
Q

CO2 is…

A

a compound

136
Q

Density is an example of a ___________ property.

A

physical

137
Q

Give the symbol for each of these elements:
a) The alkali metal in period 4
b) The element in group 4a and period 3
c) The noble gas in period 5

A

a) K (potassium)
b) Si (silicon)
c) Xe (xenon)

138
Q

For each of the following substances, give its correct name using either guideline 1 or guideline 2.
a) K2O
b) SiCl4
c) BeF2

A

a) Potassium Oxide
b) Silicon Tetrachloride
c) Beryllium Flouride

139
Q

An ionic compound is described as atoms ___________ electrons.

A

Donating

140
Q

How many valence electrons does Si have?

A

4

141
Q

When Mg forms an ion, it becomes a __________ with a charge of ___________.

A

cation; +2

142
Q

An O-2 ion has ___________ ___ electrons when compared to an oxygen atom with no charge.

A

gained 2

143
Q

What is the correct formula for an ionic compound formed between Ca and Br?

A

CaBr2

144
Q

Which of the following is a covalent compound?
a. NaCl
b. SO2
c. AgCl
d. ZnHg

A

b. SO2

145
Q

In a double bond, two atoms are sharing ________ electrons

A

4

146
Q

How many bonds does an N atom typically form?

A

3

147
Q

Polar covalent bonds are a result of…

A

two atoms sharing electrons unequally.

148
Q

Water is considered a ________ compound.

A

Polar

149
Q

Water dissolves…

A

polar and ionic compounds

150
Q

When compared to other molecules of approximately the same size, water has an unusually ______ boiling point.

A

high

151
Q

Pure copper wire is a(n) ____________.

A

element

152
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, it forms a transparent, uniform mixture. This is an example of a…

A

solution

153
Q

Milk is an example of…

A

suspension

154
Q

Pure water is an example of a…

A

compound

155
Q

when salt is dissolved in water, water is the __________.

A

solvent

156
Q

a concentrated solution has a __________ solute.

A

a lot of solute

157
Q

a mole is…

A

6.02 X 10^23

158
Q

Molarity is…

A

a way to indicate the concentration of a solution

159
Q

The molar mass of CH2O is…

A

30g/m

160
Q

How many grams are in 0.75 moles of NO2?

A

34.5g

161
Q

How many moles are in 500g of NO2?

A

10.9 mole

162
Q

When the following equation is balanced, what is the number in front of the Ag?
_____ Ag + _____ Cl2 –> _____ AgCl

A

2

163
Q

In the following reaction, what are the reactants?
CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O

A

CH4 and O2

164
Q

When two substances react, the reaction gets very hot. this is an example of an ______________ reaction.

A

exothermic

165
Q

a catalyst speeds up a reaction by…

A

decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

166
Q

increasing the concentration of the reactants…

A

makes the reaction occur faster.

167
Q

a reaction occurs faster when the temperature is increased because…

A

there are more collisions of the reactant molecules.

168
Q

a base is a proton ____________.

A

acceptor

169
Q

when a substance is added to water, the amount of hydronium ion in the water increases. This substance is a(n) _______.

A

acid.

170
Q

In the following reaction, H2O is the ________.
H2O + NH2- –> OH- + NH3

A

acid

171
Q

according to chemistry, a salt is…

A

an ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base..

172
Q

A neutral solution has a pH of?

A

7

173
Q

A solution with more hydroxide ion than hydronium ion is…

A

basic

174
Q

a solution with a pH of 6 is…

A

acidic

175
Q

rainwater with a pH of 5.5 is…

A

not considered acid rain.

176
Q

The most devastating effects of acid rain are typically found downwind from ___________________.

A

Powerplants

177
Q

When an atom is reduced, it _________ electrons.

A

gains

178
Q

true or false: in batteries, it is required that one substance is oxidized while another substance is reduced.

A

true

179
Q

Nickel metal hydride batteries are…

A

rechargeable

180
Q

Alkaline batteries are…

A

not rechargeable

181
Q

an oxidation-reduction reaction involving oxygen and a non-metallic material is called _____________.

A

combustion

182
Q

metals are often protected from oxidation by attaching __________ to the surface of the metal.

A

Zinc

Physical Science (5 decks)

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