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Physical Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-4

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1
Q

What does the term “Physical Science” cover?

A

Physics, Chemistry, Earth and Space Science

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2
Q

What is the difference between science and technology?

A

Science is just trying to figure out how things work. Technology is when you use science for your benefit.

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3
Q

Development of a new drug to treat cancer is…

A

technology

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4
Q

What is the difference between science and religion?

A

Science tells us how, and religion tells us why.

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5
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

an educated guess

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6
Q

What is a scientific law?

A

A hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not been contradicted.

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7
Q

What is a scientific fact?

A

An agreement by competent observers who make a series of observations about the same phenomenon.

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8
Q

What is a scientific theory?

A

A very broad idea used to explain multiple things in an area of science.

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9
Q

True or False: Facts CAN change.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the property of inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to resist change in its state of motion or rest (not moving).

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11
Q

A tablecloth can be pulled out from under the dishes on a table without the dishes moving due to the property of…

A

inertia

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12
Q

What is the relation between mass and inertia?

A

the more mass there is, the more inertia there is.

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13
Q

How can you use the concept of inertia to explain the following:
if a car and a truck are speeding down the highway, the car can stop in a shorter distance than the truck.

A

the truck has more mass, so it will take more force to slow down than the car will.

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14
Q

How can you use the concept of inertia to explain the following:
if a space ship is flying towards mars, it only needs to burn its engines while it is getting up to speed. once it reaches its desired speed, the engines can be shut down.

A

because it is in space, it weighs less, meaning there is less gravity being exerted on it. once the engines are shut off, there’s no external force and it will keep moving because the net force is almost 0.

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15
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass (g/kg) is how much matter (space) an object takes up. Weight (lbs/N) is how much gravity is pushing down on an object.

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16
Q

On the moon, your mass is ____________ on earth.

A

the same as

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17
Q

If mass is 25kg, what is the weight?

A

weight = mg = 25kg X 10m/s^2 = 250 N

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18
Q

What is Force?

A

a push or a pull.

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19
Q

What are the three different types of force?

A

Weight = a gravitational push or pull
Friction = opposing force that impedes motion
Support Force = the surface under an object pushing up on it against gravity

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20
Q

What is net force?

A

the combination of all forces that act on an object.

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21
Q

A cart is pushed to the right with a force of 15 N while being pulled to the left with a force of 20 N. The net force on the cart is…

A

5 N to the left

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22
Q

A cart is pushed to the right with a force of 15 N while being pushed to the right with a force of 20 N. The net force on the cart is…

A

35 N to the right

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23
Q

A cart is pushed to the right with a force of 40 N while being pulled to the left with a force of 15 N. The net force on the cart is…

A

25 N to the right

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24
Q

A cart is pushed to the right with a force of 25 N while being pulled to the left with a force of 20 N. The net force on the cart is…

A

5 N to the right

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25
Q

What are the three types of acceleration?

A

Speed up
slow down
change directions

26
Q

A car is driving in a circle at 15 mph. Is the car accelerating?

A

Yes, because it is constantly changing direction.

27
Q

What is the difference between Free Fall and Falling Through the Air?

A

Free Fall (Falling in a vacuum) only concerns gravity (weight) and everything falls with the same acceleration.
Falling through the Air concerns gravity and air resistance, heavier objects fall faster.

28
Q

A rock is dropped from the top of a tall cliff under free fal conditions. It takes the rock 4 seconds to hit the ground below. How tall is the cliff?

A

80 m

29
Q

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. what is its velocity 3 seconds later? (Assume free fall conditions)

A

-10 m/s

30
Q

A rock is dropped from the top of a tall cliff under free fall conditions. what is the velocity of the rock three seconds later?

A

30 m/s

31
Q

a rock and a feather are dropped at the same time under free fall conditions. Which will hit the ground first?

A

They will hit the ground at the same time.

32
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

when air resistance is equal to the weight, the acceleration equals zero, meaning the velocity is constant.

33
Q

At terminal velocity, the net force is…

A

Zero

34
Q

Terminal Velocity can be reached when a rock is…

A

Falling through the air.

35
Q

If you dropped an elephant and a mouse off a cliff at the same time, which would experience more air resistance when falling through the air? Why?

A

The elephant because it has more mass.

36
Q

Speed is a measure of distance covered in a certain amount of time. What is velocity?

A

speed AND direction

37
Q

True or false: any time a force is applied, acceleration does not occur.

A

False, acceleration always occurs when a force is applied.

38
Q

If a car is travelling toward the south and it experiences a net force to the east, the car will…

A

turn

39
Q

a book is sitting on a bookshelf. what is the net force on the book?

A

Zero

40
Q

According to Newton’s Second Law, the acceleration of an object increases as…

A

the net force increases

41
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd Law?

A

Every action has its equal opposite reaction.

42
Q

What is an example of Newton’s 3rd Law?

A

Action: bat hits baseball
Reaction: Baseball hits bat

equal in magnitude, opposite in direction.

43
Q

In order for something to have momentum, it must have:

A

Mass and Velocity

44
Q

How is impulse related to momentum?

A

impulse is the change in momentum, it determines force.
Impulse is related to how much force is applied and how long it is applied for.

45
Q

In a car accident, why is it better to hit your head on a padded dashboard than a hard dashboard?

A

momentum changes over a longer period of time

46
Q

What is the difference between work and energy?

A

Work = force x distance
energy = a measure of the ability to do work

both are measured by Joules (J) or calories (cal)

47
Q

According to science, in order to do work on your car, what must happen?

A

Your car must move.

48
Q

what is power?

A

power = the amount of work done / time

measured in Watts (W)

49
Q

If 1000 J of work is done in 2 seconds, what was the power used to do the work?

A

P = 1000J / 2 sec. = 500 W

50
Q

What is the difference between Kinetic and Potential energy?

A

Kinetic energy is energy due to movement. (KE = 1/2mv^2)
Potential energy is energy due to height. (PE = mgh)

51
Q

Explain what conservation of energy means.

A

Conservation of energy tells us that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed.

52
Q

A 5kg box is sitting on a shelf that is 3 m high. How much potential energy does the box have?

A

PE = 5kg x 10 m/s^2 x 3m = 150 J

53
Q

What is the potential energy of a 50 kg box sitting on a shelf 8 m high?

A

4000 J

54
Q

A man is standing on a platform with 10000 J of potential energy. if he dives off of the platform, as he hits the ground, his kinetic energy will be…

A

10000 J

55
Q

A man is standing on a platform with 10000 J of potential energy. if he dives off of the platform, as he hits the ground his potential energy will be…

A

0 J

56
Q

What will happen if we use all of our energy resources?

A

all useful form of energy will be converted to heat.

57
Q

What is the Universal Law of Gravity dependent on?

A

the mass of both objects
the distance between both objects

58
Q

What happens to the gravitational pull when two objects are closer together? Farther apart?

A

As mass increases, the gravitational pull gets stronger; but the further the two objects are, the gravitational pull gets weaker.

59
Q

Why do astronauts feel weightless?

A

they don’t have the support force pushing on them that they do on earth.

60
Q

What is the difference between horizontal motion and vertical motion?

A

Horizontal motion is controlled by inertia, vertical motion is controlled by gravity.

Physical Science (5 decks)

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