Final exam

Question 1

Migration involves

Answer 1

-change in residence
-a move across an administrative boundary
-time or period

Question 2

migration stream

Answer 2

people who migrate from one area to another in a
given period, can be gross (sum of streams) or net (difference in
streams)

Question 3

out migration

Answer 3

-makes most sense, because have an estimate of the
number of people at risk of moving out of a population

Question 4

in migration

Answer 4

makes less sense, because measures of current
residents are not at risk for moving in

Question 5

Data on migration

Answer 5

• Often incomplete, especially for international migration
• No one organization measures this for the whole world!

Question 6

Important sources on data migration

Answer 6

-administrative records
-retrospective questions
-surveys
-indirect estimation

Question 7

Prehistoric expansions of populations

Answer 7

• Foragers and nomads
• Ecological determinants

Question 8

Forced or impelled migration

Answer 8

• Conflicts, expanding states, colonization, war, natural disaster
• Slavery and indentured servitude
• Human trafficking

Question 9

Free migration

Answer 9

most familiar to people today

Question 10

internal migration

Answer 10

Migration within a country, but
between administrative
boundaries

Question 11

macroeconomics

Answer 11

Regions with high supply of labor will send migrants to regions with low
supply of labor

Question 12

microeconomics

Answer 12

• Individual-level: individuals choose based on cost-benefit analysis (rational
  choice)

Question 13

World systems theory

Answer 13

World economy is best understood as a single unit, not in terms of
individual countries

Question 14

three parts to the world system

Answer 14

Core (3)
Semi-periphery (2)
Periphery (1)

Question 15

The core

Answer 15

• Strongest and most powerful nations
• Produces capital-intensive, high-technology goods
• Most flow to other core nations, some to periphery.
• Dominated by manufacturing, with some focus on agriculture
• Strong state
• Superior military forces

Question 16

The semi-perihipery

Answer 16

• Semi-industrialized, middle-income countries
• Profit from the periphery and yield profits to the core

Question 17

Periphery

Answer 17

• Weak states
• Low-income, largely agricultural countries
• Exploited by the core to their economic advantage
• Working classes produce cheap goods for the world market

Question 18

“two-track” world

Answer 18

• Rich countries with low fertility are aging and need labor, especially in service
  sector
• Poor countries with high fertility don’t have enough jobs for young people

Question 19

climate driven migration

Answer 19

-climate change will create “environmental migrants” or climate refugees
-movement away from environmentally threatened areas
-thought to increase in next few decades

Question 20

slow onset

Answer 20

drought, elevated temps
-more likely to result in migration due to extended time to make decisions

Question 21

rapid onset

Answer 21

floods
-less likely to result in migration since its so sudden & loss of capabilities

Question 22

shock severity

Answer 22

complex set of relationships

Question 23

Doomsday model

Answer 23

November 13th 2026 (give or take)
-Projected date when human population will approach infinity, given these
assumptions

Question 24

Cohort component method

Answer 24

• Population numbers at each age depend on the size of cohorts
  moving (or aging) through the population age structure
• Methods that use changes in cohorts anticipate discontinuities in
  population change (booms, busts, echoes, etc)

Question 25

CCM steps

Answer 25

-choose time interval
-gather data
-calculate the components of change (survivors by age and sex, projected total births, net migration and migrant surviviors)

Question 26

back projection

Answer 26

Take a current population and project back to figure out how it got to the current size and age/sex distribution

Question 27

population momentum

Answer 27

Think of it as the potential for population growth or decline inherent in an age structure

Question 28

population aging

Answer 28

• Increase in percentage of the
  population at older ages
• Interrelated with momentum
• Largest component: lower birth
  rates

Question 29

Other applications

Answer 29

Using life tables for other purposes:
* Biology
* Contraception
* Quality control engineering
* Equipment/fleet projections
* Survivorship after contracting a disease
* Pension/benefit program projections
Incomplete data

Question 30

population policy

Answer 30

• An arrangement or program though which governments influence, directly
  or indirectly, demographic change

Question 31

Fertility policies (pronatalist or aninatalist)

Answer 31

• Can be pronatalist
• Encourage, incentivize, or reward childbearing
• Restrict access to family planning/contraception
• Defray costs of raising children
• Or antinatalist
• Encouragement of family planning
• Family size limits
• Eugenic measures (forced sterilization, etc)