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Demographic Anthropology > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Migration involves

A

-change in residence
-a move across an administrative boundary
-time or period

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2
Q

migration stream

A

people who migrate from one area to another in a
given period, can be gross (sum of streams) or net (difference in
streams)

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3
Q

out migration

A

-makes most sense, because have an estimate of the
number of people at risk of moving out of a population

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4
Q

in migration

A

makes less sense, because measures of current
residents are not at risk for moving in

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5
Q

Data on migration

A
  • Often incomplete, especially for international migration
  • No one organization measures this for the whole world!
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6
Q

Important sources on data migration

A

-administrative records
-retrospective questions
-surveys
-indirect estimation

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7
Q

Prehistoric expansions of populations

A
  • Foragers and nomads
  • Ecological determinants
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8
Q

Forced or impelled migration

A
  • Conflicts, expanding states, colonization, war, natural disaster
  • Slavery and indentured servitude
  • Human trafficking
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9
Q

Free migration

A

most familiar to people today

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10
Q

internal migration

A

Migration within a country, but
between administrative
boundaries

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11
Q

macroeconomics

A

Regions with high supply of labor will send migrants to regions with low
supply of labor

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12
Q

microeconomics

A
  • Individual-level: individuals choose based on cost-benefit analysis (rational
    choice)
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13
Q

World systems theory

A

World economy is best understood as a single unit, not in terms of
individual countries

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14
Q

three parts to the world system

A

Core (3)
Semi-periphery (2)
Periphery (1)

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15
Q

The core

A
  • Strongest and most powerful nations
  • Produces capital-intensive, high-technology goods
  • Most flow to other core nations, some to periphery.
  • Dominated by manufacturing, with some focus on agriculture
  • Strong state
  • Superior military forces
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16
Q

The semi-perihipery

A
  • Semi-industrialized, middle-income countries
  • Profit from the periphery and yield profits to the core
17
Q

Periphery

A
  • Weak states
  • Low-income, largely agricultural countries
  • Exploited by the core to their economic advantage
  • Working classes produce cheap goods for the world market
18
Q

“two-track” world

A
  • Rich countries with low fertility are aging and need labor, especially in service
    sector
  • Poor countries with high fertility don’t have enough jobs for young people
19
Q

climate driven migration

A

-climate change will create “environmental migrants” or climate refugees
-movement away from environmentally threatened areas
-thought to increase in next few decades

20
Q

slow onset

A

drought, elevated temps
-more likely to result in migration due to extended time to make decisions

21
Q

rapid onset

A

floods
-less likely to result in migration since its so sudden & loss of capabilities

22
Q

shock severity

A

complex set of relationships

23
Q

Doomsday model

A

November 13th 2026 (give or take)
-Projected date when human population will approach infinity, given these
assumptions

24
Q

Cohort component method

A
  • Population numbers at each age depend on the size of cohorts
    moving (or aging) through the population age structure
  • Methods that use changes in cohorts anticipate discontinuities in
    population change (booms, busts, echoes, etc)
25
Q

CCM steps

A

-choose time interval
-gather data
-calculate the components of change (survivors by age and sex, projected total births, net migration and migrant surviviors)

26
Q

back projection

A

Take a current population and project back to figure out how it got to the current size and age/sex distribution

27
Q

population momentum

A

Think of it as the potential for population growth or decline inherent in an age structure

28
Q

population aging

A
  • Increase in percentage of the
    population at older ages
  • Interrelated with momentum
  • Largest component: lower birth
    rates
29
Q

Other applications

A

Using life tables for other purposes:
* Biology
* Contraception
* Quality control engineering
* Equipment/fleet projections
* Survivorship after contracting a disease
* Pension/benefit program projections
Incomplete data

30
Q

population policy

A
  • An arrangement or program though which governments influence, directly
    or indirectly, demographic change
31
Q

Fertility policies (pronatalist or aninatalist)

A
  • Can be pronatalist
  • Encourage, incentivize, or reward childbearing
  • Restrict access to family planning/contraception
  • Defray costs of raising children
  • Or antinatalist
  • Encouragement of family planning
  • Family size limits
  • Eugenic measures (forced sterilization, etc)
32
Q
A

Demographic Anthropology (3 decks)

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