Final Exam

Question 1

Janeen enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old daughter Natasha. Initially, Natasha stays close to

her mother, but then becomes interested in the attractive toys in the playroom. She picks up a toy and brings it

back to her mother, then drops it and approaches the toy box again. Natasha cries when Janeen leaves the room, but

quickly calms down again when her mother returns and is happy to see her. Natasha would most likely be classified as:

Answer 1

securely attached

Question 2

Research has shown that telomeres are shorter in adults who experienced more _______ as children.

Answer 2

trauma

Question 3

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal

characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called:

Answer 3

the fundamental attribution error.

Question 4

________ are ancestral memories which are represented by universal themes in various cultures.

Answer 4

archetypes

Question 5

_______ is a stress hormone that helps provide a boost of energy when we first encounter a stressor, preparing us to flight or flee.

Answer 5

cortisol

Question 6

Research suggests that stress can shorten __________, segments of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes

Answer 6

telomeres

Question 7

Triggers arousal in response to a stressor via the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands:

Answer 7

sympathetic nervous system

Question 8

When a person is driven to perform repetitive and ritualistic behaviors in order to reduce anxiety produced from obsessive thoughts, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n):

Answer 8

compulsion

Question 9

Jason has periods when he feels extremely despondent for no apparent reason. During these periods, he finds it

very difficult to be productive in his college classes or at his job. Jason’s symptoms are characteristics of the

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, category of:

Answer 9

depressive disorders

Question 10

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by constant, excessive anxiety

about a wide range of issues and circumstances?

Answer 10

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 11

The main symptom of _____ is frequent, unpredictable, and unexpected panic attacks.

Answer 11

panic disorder

Question 12

The biological theory would argue that schizophrenia is caused by:

Answer 12

differences in neurotransmitter levels

Question 13

A long-lasting disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and often life-threatening trauma is called:

Answer 13

posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 14

The psychological disorder that is characterized by impaired functioning because of severely distorted beliefs,

perceptions, and thought processes is called:

Answer 14

schizophrenia

Question 15

In a disorder called _____, the person suffers from repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive

behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform.

Answer 15

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 16

Perceptual experiences that occur in the absence of external stimulation are called:

Answer 16

hallucinations

Question 17

Seven-year-old Anna demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some

difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Anna is most likely in the _____ stage of

cognitive development.

Answer 17

concrete operational

Question 18

Parents using the _______ style of parenting give reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view.

Answer 18

authoritative

Question 19

Marie enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old son, Aaron. Aaron ignores the many

attractive toys in the room and clings to his mother. When Marie leaves the room, Aaron begins to cry hysterically.

When his mother returns and tries to comfort him, Aaron cries harder, kicks, and resists her efforts to hold him.

Aaron would most likely be classified as:

Answer 19

insecure resistant attachment

Question 20

According to Piaget, the ___________ stage of cognitive development involves the use of pretend play and mental representation. Children in this stage do not yet grasp the concept of conservation. Egocentrism is also a key feature of this stage.

Answer 20

preoperational

Question 21

Marie enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old son, Daniel. Daniel does not seem to interact with his mother and does not pay any attention to her. When Marie leaves the room, Daniel does not seem to notice and does not fuss at all.

When his mother returns, Daniel pays no attention to her. Daniel would most likely be classified as:

Answer 21

insecure avoidant attachment

Question 22

Carl mows the yard of his elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?

Answer 22

extrinsic

Question 23

Tarin paints for the joy it brings her. She is displaying which type of motivation?

Answer 23

intrinsic

Question 24

Which of the following statements reflects Freud’s view of the superego?

Answer 24

It is the moral compass that tells us how we should behave and strives for perfection.

Question 25

Which definition reflects Freud’s view of the ego?

Answer 25

It is the rational, organized component of personality

Question 26

The id operates on the __________ principle.

Answer 26

pleasure

Question 27

The _______ perspective views personality as significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Answer 27

behavioral/learning

Question 28

The learning or behavioral theory would argue that phobias are caused by:

Answer 28

classical conditioning

Question 29

In the past three days, Doug has become progressively more energetic and euphoric. He has been sleeping no more

than an hour or two a night, but he seems to have unlimited energy. Doug is inappropriately self-confident as he

veers from one grandiose idea to another in his plans to become rich and famous. Doug appears to be experiencing:

Answer 29

a manic episode

Question 30

The cognitive theory would argue that depression is caused by:

Answer 30

negative thoughts, interpretations, self-evaluations, and expectations

Question 31

Therapy focused on increasing awareness of cognitive process to help patients eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress:

Answer 31

cognitive

Question 32

_____ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.

Answer 32

behavioral

Question 33

___________ is a psychoanalytic therapeutic technique in which the patient is encouraged to speak about whatever comes to mind.

Answer 33

free association

Question 34

A psychological disorder in which an individual exhibits two or more separate personalities or identities:

Answer 34

dissociative identity disorder

Question 35

A psychological disorder characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and sense of self:

Answer 35

borderline personality disorder

Question 36

A psychological disorder characterized by complete lack of regard for other people’s rights or feelings:

Answer 36

antisocial personality disorder

Question 37

During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, children:

Answer 37

rely on their sensory and motor skills to acquire practical knowledge about the world.

Question 38

Parents using the _______ style of parenting place high value on conformity and obedience. Parents are strict, tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth.

Answer 38

authoritarian

Question 39

According to Erikson, the __________ stage is centered around caregivers’ responses to an infant’s needs. If caregivers are responsive and sensitive to the needs of the infant, the baby will see the world as a safe and predictable place.

Answer 39

trust vs. mistrust