Final Exam Flashcards
The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time is called:
sensory memory
__________ memory is a category of long term memory that includes memories of particular events.
episodic
___________ memory is memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of
that experience. This type of memory comes into play, for example, in the skills of playing tennis and snowboarding,
as well as in the physical act of text messaging.
implicit (nondeclarative)
______________ memory is the conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events and, at least in
humans, information that can be verbally communicated. Examples include recounting the events in a movie you
have seen and recalling which politicians are in the president’s cabinet.
explicit (declarative)
A relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time is called:
long term memory
The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events is called:
flashbulb memory
____________ is the limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer.
short term memory
__________ memory is a person’s knowledge about the world. It includes one’s areas of expertise, general knowledge of the sort learned in school, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words, famous individuals, important places, and common things.
semantic
A type of effortful retrieval associated with a person’s feeling that he or she knows something (say, a word or a name) but cannot quite pull it out of memory is called:
tip of the tongue phenomenon
Janeen enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old daughter Natasha. Initially, Natasha stays close to
her mother, but then becomes interested in the attractive toys in the playroom. She picks up a toy and brings it
back to her mother, then drops it and approaches the toy box again. Natasha cries when Janeen leaves the room, but
quickly calms down again when her mother returns and is happy to see her. Natasha would most likely be classified as:
securely attached
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, children:
rely on their sensory and motor skills to acquire practical knowledge about the world.
Seven-year-old Anna demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some
difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Anna is most likely in the _____ stage of
cognitive development.
concrete operational
Parents using the _______ style of parenting give reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view.
authoritative
Parents using the _______ style of parenting place high value on conformity and obedience. Parents are strict, tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth.
authoritarian
Marie enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old son, Aaron. Aaron ignores the many
attractive toys in the room and clings to his mother. When Marie leaves the room, Aaron begins to cry hysterically.
When his mother returns and tries to comfort him, Aaron cries harder, kicks, and resists her efforts to hold him.
Aaron would most likely be classified as:
insecure resistant
According to Erikson, during the _______ stage, children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inadequacy when not.
industry vs. inferiority
Marie enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her one-year-old son, Daniel. Daniel does not seem to interact with his mother and does not pay any attention to her. When Marie leaves the room, Daniel does not seem to notice and does not fuss at all.
When his mother returns, Daniel pays no attention to her. Daniel would most likely be classified as:
insecure avoidant
According to Piaget, the ___________ stage of cognitive development involves the use of pretend play and mental representation. Children in this stage do not yet grasp the concept of conservation. Egocentrism is also a key feature of this stage.
preoperational
According to Erikson, the __________ stage is centered around caregivers’ responses to an infant’s needs. If caregivers are responsive and sensitive to the needs of the infant, the baby will see the world as a safe and predictable place.
trust vs. mistrust
_____ is an eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of a body weight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.
anorexia nervosa
Lana is about the right weight for her age and height. Nevertheless, she is so preoccupied by her fear of becoming
overweight that whenever she goes on an eating binge, she purges the excessive food by self-induced vomiting. It is
likely that Lana has:
bulimia nervosa
_______ is a person’s belief in their capability to complete some task.
self-efficacy
Carl mows the yard of his elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?
extrinsic
Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder have been shown to have reduced volumes of the ___________.
hippocampus
Need for ___________ refers to establishing positive interactions with others.
affiliation
According to Maslow, the need that reflects achieving one’s full potential and can only be reached when lower needs have been met is:
self-actualization
Tarin paints for the joy it brings her. She is displaying which type of motivation?
intrinsic
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, simple tasks are best performed when arousal levels are _________.
high
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are _________.
low
Which of the following statements reflects Freud’s view of the superego?
It is the moral compass that tells us how we should behave and strives for perfection.
Which definition reflects Freud’s view of the ego?
It is the rational, organized component of personality
