Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
True or False?
The body has natural defense mechanisms which help to protect it.
A
True!
2
Q
What are the 6 natural defense mechanisms?
A
- immune system
- nose
- skin
- eyes
- ears
- stomach acid
3
Q
What is the order in which infections spread?
A
Germs - Host - Vehicles of Transmission - New Host
4
Q
Define germs.
A
A generic term that includes viruses, parasites, bacteria, fungi.
5
Q
Define the host.
A
The person who is ill.
6
Q
Define vehicle of transmission.
A
The indirect or direct transmission of a germ to a host.
7
Q
Define the new host.
A
The next person who gets the infection.
8
Q
What is an incubation period?
A
- the number of days between when you’re infected with something and when you might see symptoms
- incubation periods vary depending on the germ
9
Q
True or False?
By the time symptoms appear, the host is already spreading the infection.
A
True!
10
Q
How can we break the chain of infection?
A
- hygiene practices and health policies
- cleaning and sanitizing
- immunizations, daily observations, exclusion policies
11
Q
What part of the infection chain do hygiene practices and health policies break?
A
Hygiene practices and health policies can break the chain at any stage!
12
Q
What part of the infection chain does cleaning and sanitizing break?
A
1 and 3 - Germs and vehicles of transmission!
13
Q
What part of the infection chain do immunizations, daily observations, and exclusion policies break?
A
1 and 4 - Host and New Host!
14
Q
True or False?
It is recommended that you clean the water table daily.
A
True!
15
Q
What is the purpose of cleaning?
A
- removes dirt and germs from objects and surfaces
16
Q
What is the purpose of sanitizing?
A
-as many germs as possible are eliminated from objects and surfaces
17
Q
True or False?
Objects/surfaces should be cleaned, rinsed, sanitized, and left to air dry.
A
True!
18
Q
Why use bleach?
A
- high effective
- inexpensive
- easy to use
- readily available
- safe to use around children
- recommended by health departments
19
Q
How to use bleach?
A
- mix a fresh solution every day
- 1 part bleach, 100 parts water
20
Q
What is the 3-sink method?
A
Sink 1: Soap and hot water
Sink 2: Clear warm water rinse
Sink 3: bleach solution for 20mins
21
Q
What are the Ministry of Education’s expectations regarding health and safety?
A
- sanitary practices, policies and procedures
- health and medical supervision
22
Q
True or False?
Hand sanitizers are effective when hands are visibly dirty without handwashing.
A
False! They are ineffective.
23
Q
What are daily observations?
A
- strategy to identify ill children
- do baseline health observations at morning drop-off
- helps identify physical and behavioural changes
24
Q
True or False?
The most reliable indicator of possible infection is a change in behaviour?
A
True!
25
True or False?
An elevated temperature always indicates a fever.
False!
26
What are some things to look for during a daily observation?
- face
- eyes
- nose
- mouth
- skin
- behaviour
27
What might cause a child to have a high body temperature?
- overdressing
- exercising
- infection
28
True or False?
Handwashing is the most important strategy for controlling the spread of infections.
True!
29
What should you do if a child has a fever?
- stay calm
- remove heat from the body
- undress the child
- allow the child to sweat
- do NOT give sponge bath or baby aspirin
- exclude child from centre if they cannot participate in regular activities
30
When does a fever indicate a serious illness?
- excessive listlessness, sleepiness
- lack of interest in surroundings
- irritability
- poor skin colour/pallor
- rapid breath
- difficulty breathing
- fever rash
- excessive drooling
31
What are some behavioural changes that indicate illness?
- lethargic or lacks energy
- much sleepier than usual
- not alert
- uninterested in their environment
- unusually cranky, fussy, or irritable
- inconsolable
- refuse to eat or drink
32
Seek medical attention if these behavioural changes present:
- change in breathing (rapid, shallow, or. shortness of breath)
- pain or difficulty swallowing
- stiff neck
- rash with a fever
- rash with a change in behaviour
33
Name the common childhood illnesses.
- rash
- chickenpox
- pinkeye
- diarrhea
- lice
- rabies
- scabies
- ring worm
- strep throat
34
When should you exclude a child from a center?
- illness prevents participation in routine activities
- requires more individual care
- poses an infection risk to children and staff
35
True or False?
1 in 10 people have been tested and are recieving treatment for allergies.
True
36
True or False?
1 in 4 people believe they have allergies.
True!
37
What percent of allergies develop before the age of 5?
80%
38
What is an allergy?
- over-active immune system
- allergic people react to normally harmless substances
39
How do we manage allergies in the child care centre through communication?
- post allergy info in kitchen, eating areas, indoor and outdoor first aid kits
40
How do we manage allergies in the child care center through prevention?
- monitor introduction to new foods
- medications to be given at home 24hrs prior to monitor response
- eliminate/limit exposure to allergens where possible through policies and procedures
41
How do we manage allergies in the child care centre through treatment?
-epipen
- medications: antihistamines, decongestants
42
What are the 4 body stems related to allergies?
- upper and lower respiratory tract
- skin
- eyes
- gastrointestinal tract
43
What is anaphylaxis?
- life threatening allergic reaction
- happens very quickly
- without adrenaline, result may ve death
44
What are the possible signs of anaphylactic shock?
- swelling of the eyes, lips, and tongue
- difficulty in breathing and swallowing
- tingling in mouth
- feeling of foreboding, fear, apprehension
- hives, itching
- flushed face and body
- tightness in throat, mouth, chest
- wheezing
- coughing, choking
- vomiting, stomach upset
- dizziness, unsteadiness
- loss of consciousness
- coma and death
45
What is asthma?
- a lung disease, mucus membranes are chronically inflamed
46
What is the leading cause of asthma in children?
Cigarette smoke.
47
True or False?
Children may outgrow asthma, but it can reappear when they are adults.
True!
48
What are the characteristics of asthma?
- obstruction reverses by itself or with treatment
- genetically inherited or acquired through a viral infection
- hyper responsiveness to a variety of stimuli
49
What is risky play?
Play that involves risk—usually the risk of physical injury.
50
True or False?
Risky play is not allowed.
False!
51
What is dehydration?
-losing more fluid than you take in
- body can't carry out its normal function
52
What are some common causes for dehydration?
- intense diarrhea
- vomiting
- fever
- excessive sweating
53
Who is most at risk of becoming dehydrated?
- infants and young children
- older adults
- people with chronic illnesses
54
What are the 5 Rights of Medication?
- right child
- right route
- right dose
- right time
- right medication
55
What is Sabrina's Law?
- every school board in Ontario must establish and maintain an anaphylaxis policy
56
What is the leading cause of injury-related deaths in Canadian children under 1 year of age?
A. Motor vehicle collisions
B. Drowning
C. Suffocation
D. None of the above
c. Suffocation
57
Which of the foollowing unintentional injuries occurs most often in children ages 1-9?
A. Motor vehicle collisions
B. Struck by/against injuries
C. Fire/hot objects or surfaces
D. Falls
D. Falls
58
What percent of preschool deaths are injury-related?
40%
59
Which gender is more prone to injury?
Boys
60
Where do the most serious injuries often occur in ECE programs?
The playground.
61
True or False?
ECE programs are generally less dangerous for children.
True!
62
What are educators doing when injuries occur?
- relaxing their supervision
- overestimating a child abilities
- not anticipating consequences
- don't maintain adult-child ratio
- don't perform safety checks or identify hazards
63
When do children get injured?
- tired or hungry
- disrupted routine
- new to the program and are unfamiliar
- excited and preoccupied
- unfamiliar situations
64
What is the key to safe and enjoyable field trips?
- careful planning
- preparation before the trip
- preparation the day of the trip
- evaluation following the trip
65
How can we ensure children's safety with supervision and equipment?
- developmentally appropriate
- well maintained
- proper use
- supervise activities
- continually observe environment for hazards
66
What is the proper field trip ratio for preschoolers?
1:8
67
What is a serious occurrence?
- serious injury
- death of a child
- missing child
- disaster on the premises
- suspected abuse or neglect
- disruption of service
68
When does the Serious Occurrence form need to be submitted to the Ministry of Education?
Within 24hrs.
69
When does the completed report need to be sent?
Every 7 days
70
What is a serious occurrence notification form?
- provides overview
- alerts parents
- no private info
71
What is a serious occurrence form?
- online form
- details of incident
- submitted
72
How long does the serious notification form need to be posted?
A minimum of 10 business days.
73
Under what circumstances is there an exception in posting?
- suspected abuse or neglect
- needs to be investigated
74
What information must a serious occurrence notifcation form provide?
- program name
- date
- date of occurrence
- type
- description
- action taken
- signature
75
How is personal information protected?
No private or identifying information is shared.
76
What is the procedure for a serious occurrence?
- attend to emergency
- attend to immediate risks
- report to director, unless abuse
- director conducts inquiry
- contact parents and backup designate
- report to program advisor through CCLA
77
How can we prevent children from wandering?
- daily attendance and head counts
- develop and review policies and procedures
- secure exits
- install security systems
- ensure fences are intact, gates are locked
- identifying clothing and extra supervision for field trips
78
What are two factors that most influence the severity of a playground injury?
- height of the child's fall and the protective surface
79
Name 4 protective surfacing materials.
- sand
- wood/bark chips
- pea gravel
- manufactured
80
Since 2003, which material has not been approved by CSA for building playground structures?
Pressure-treated wood.
81
What is the benefit of vaccination to children?
Childhood routine vaccinations protect against diseases.
82
What is the benefit of vaccination to society?
Vaccinations stop transmissible diseases from spreading from person to person and infecting communities.
83
Why do some parents choose not to have their children immunized?
- unsafe
- side effects
- not tested
- wearing out the child's immune system
- doesn't work
84
Which vaccines do some parents think cause autism?
- the MMR vaccine
- thimerosal (a preservative)
85
What is DPTP?
Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio
86
What are some side effects of vaccines?
- mild pain and redness
- maybe swelling
- mild fever and rash
- fainting, if anxious
87
What are the requirements for vaccine exemptions?
medical, religious and conscience exemptions
