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Nutrition, Health, and Safety > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

True or False?

The body has natural defense mechanisms which help to protect it.

A

True!

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2
Q

What are the 6 natural defense mechanisms?

A
  • immune system
  • nose
  • skin
  • eyes
  • ears
  • stomach acid
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3
Q

What is the order in which infections spread?

A

Germs - Host - Vehicles of Transmission - New Host

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4
Q

Define germs.

A

A generic term that includes viruses, parasites, bacteria, fungi.

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5
Q

Define the host.

A

The person who is ill.

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6
Q

Define vehicle of transmission.

A

The indirect or direct transmission of a germ to a host.

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7
Q

Define the new host.

A

The next person who gets the infection.

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8
Q

What is an incubation period?

A
  • the number of days between when you’re infected with something and when you might see symptoms
  • incubation periods vary depending on the germ
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9
Q

True or False?

By the time symptoms appear, the host is already spreading the infection.

A

True!

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10
Q

How can we break the chain of infection?

A
  • hygiene practices and health policies
  • cleaning and sanitizing
  • immunizations, daily observations, exclusion policies
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11
Q

What part of the infection chain do hygiene practices and health policies break?

A

Hygiene practices and health policies can break the chain at any stage!

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12
Q

What part of the infection chain does cleaning and sanitizing break?

A

1 and 3 - Germs and vehicles of transmission!

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13
Q

What part of the infection chain do immunizations, daily observations, and exclusion policies break?

A

1 and 4 - Host and New Host!

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14
Q

True or False?

It is recommended that you clean the water table daily.

A

True!

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15
Q

What is the purpose of cleaning?

A
  • removes dirt and germs from objects and surfaces
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16
Q

What is the purpose of sanitizing?

A

-as many germs as possible are eliminated from objects and surfaces

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17
Q

True or False?

Objects/surfaces should be cleaned, rinsed, sanitized, and left to air dry.

A

True!

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18
Q

Why use bleach?

A
  • high effective
  • inexpensive
  • easy to use
  • readily available
  • safe to use around children
  • recommended by health departments
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19
Q

How to use bleach?

A
  • mix a fresh solution every day
  • 1 part bleach, 100 parts water
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20
Q

What is the 3-sink method?

A

Sink 1: Soap and hot water
Sink 2: Clear warm water rinse
Sink 3: bleach solution for 20mins

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21
Q

What are the Ministry of Education’s expectations regarding health and safety?

A
  • sanitary practices, policies and procedures
  • health and medical supervision
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22
Q

True or False?

Hand sanitizers are effective when hands are visibly dirty without handwashing.

A

False! They are ineffective.

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23
Q

What are daily observations?

A
  • strategy to identify ill children
  • do baseline health observations at morning drop-off
  • helps identify physical and behavioural changes
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24
Q

True or False?

The most reliable indicator of possible infection is a change in behaviour?

A

True!

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25
Q

True or False?

An elevated temperature always indicates a fever.

A

False!

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26
Q

What are some things to look for during a daily observation?

A
  • face
  • eyes
  • nose
  • mouth
  • skin
  • behaviour
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27
Q

What might cause a child to have a high body temperature?

A
  • overdressing
  • exercising
  • infection
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28
Q

True or False?

Handwashing is the most important strategy for controlling the spread of infections.

A

True!

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29
Q

What should you do if a child has a fever?

A
  • stay calm
  • remove heat from the body
  • undress the child
  • allow the child to sweat
  • do NOT give sponge bath or baby aspirin
  • exclude child from centre if they cannot participate in regular activities
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30
Q

When does a fever indicate a serious illness?

A
  • excessive listlessness, sleepiness
  • lack of interest in surroundings
  • irritability
  • poor skin colour/pallor
  • rapid breath
  • difficulty breathing
  • fever rash
  • excessive drooling
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31
Q

What are some behavioural changes that indicate illness?

A
  • lethargic or lacks energy
  • much sleepier than usual
  • not alert
  • uninterested in their environment
  • unusually cranky, fussy, or irritable
  • inconsolable
  • refuse to eat or drink
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32
Q

Seek medical attention if these behavioural changes present:

A
  • change in breathing (rapid, shallow, or. shortness of breath)
  • pain or difficulty swallowing
  • stiff neck
  • rash with a fever
  • rash with a change in behaviour
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33
Q

Name the common childhood illnesses.

A
  • rash
  • chickenpox
  • pinkeye
  • diarrhea
  • lice
  • rabies
  • scabies
  • ring worm
  • strep throat
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34
Q

When should you exclude a child from a center?

A
  • illness prevents participation in routine activities
  • requires more individual care
  • poses an infection risk to children and staff
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35
Q

True or False?

1 in 10 people have been tested and are recieving treatment for allergies.

A

True

36
Q

True or False?

1 in 4 people believe they have allergies.

A

True!

37
Q

What percent of allergies develop before the age of 5?

A

80%

38
Q

What is an allergy?

A
  • over-active immune system
  • allergic people react to normally harmless substances
39
Q

How do we manage allergies in the child care centre through communication?

A
  • post allergy info in kitchen, eating areas, indoor and outdoor first aid kits
40
Q

How do we manage allergies in the child care center through prevention?

A
  • monitor introduction to new foods
  • medications to be given at home 24hrs prior to monitor response
  • eliminate/limit exposure to allergens where possible through policies and procedures
41
Q

How do we manage allergies in the child care centre through treatment?

A

-epipen
- medications: antihistamines, decongestants

42
Q

What are the 4 body stems related to allergies?

A
  • upper and lower respiratory tract
  • skin
  • eyes
  • gastrointestinal tract
43
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A
  • life threatening allergic reaction
  • happens very quickly
  • without adrenaline, result may ve death
44
Q

What are the possible signs of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • swelling of the eyes, lips, and tongue
  • difficulty in breathing and swallowing
  • tingling in mouth
  • feeling of foreboding, fear, apprehension
  • hives, itching
  • flushed face and body
  • tightness in throat, mouth, chest
  • wheezing
  • coughing, choking
  • vomiting, stomach upset
  • dizziness, unsteadiness
  • loss of consciousness
  • coma and death
45
Q

What is asthma?

A
  • a lung disease, mucus membranes are chronically inflamed
46
Q

What is the leading cause of asthma in children?

A

Cigarette smoke.

47
Q

True or False?

Children may outgrow asthma, but it can reappear when they are adults.

A

True!

48
Q

What are the characteristics of asthma?

A
  • obstruction reverses by itself or with treatment
  • genetically inherited or acquired through a viral infection
  • hyper responsiveness to a variety of stimuli
49
Q

What is risky play?

A

Play that involves risk—usually the risk of physical injury.

50
Q

True or False?

Risky play is not allowed.

A

False!

51
Q

What is dehydration?

A

-losing more fluid than you take in
- body can’t carry out its normal function

52
Q

What are some common causes for dehydration?

A
  • intense diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • excessive sweating
53
Q

Who is most at risk of becoming dehydrated?

A
  • infants and young children
  • older adults
  • people with chronic illnesses
54
Q

What are the 5 Rights of Medication?

A
  • right child
  • right route
  • right dose
  • right time
  • right medication
55
Q

What is Sabrina’s Law?

A
  • every school board in Ontario must establish and maintain an anaphylaxis policy
56
Q

What is the leading cause of injury-related deaths in Canadian children under 1 year of age?

A. Motor vehicle collisions
B. Drowning
C. Suffocation
D. None of the above

A

c. Suffocation

57
Q

Which of the foollowing unintentional injuries occurs most often in children ages 1-9?

A. Motor vehicle collisions
B. Struck by/against injuries
C. Fire/hot objects or surfaces
D. Falls

A

D. Falls

58
Q

What percent of preschool deaths are injury-related?

A

40%

59
Q

Which gender is more prone to injury?

A

Boys

60
Q

Where do the most serious injuries often occur in ECE programs?

A

The playground.

61
Q

True or False?

ECE programs are generally less dangerous for children.

A

True!

62
Q

What are educators doing when injuries occur?

A
  • relaxing their supervision
  • overestimating a child abilities
  • not anticipating consequences
  • don’t maintain adult-child ratio
  • don’t perform safety checks or identify hazards
63
Q

When do children get injured?

A
  • tired or hungry
  • disrupted routine
  • new to the program and are unfamiliar
  • excited and preoccupied
  • unfamiliar situations
64
Q

What is the key to safe and enjoyable field trips?

A
  • careful planning
  • preparation before the trip
  • preparation the day of the trip
  • evaluation following the trip
65
Q

How can we ensure children’s safety with supervision and equipment?

A
  • developmentally appropriate
  • well maintained
  • proper use
  • supervise activities
  • continually observe environment for hazards
66
Q

What is the proper field trip ratio for preschoolers?

A

1:8

67
Q

What is a serious occurrence?

A
  • serious injury
  • death of a child
  • missing child
  • disaster on the premises
  • suspected abuse or neglect
  • disruption of service
68
Q

When does the Serious Occurrence form need to be submitted to the Ministry of Education?

A

Within 24hrs.

69
Q

When does the completed report need to be sent?

A

Every 7 days

70
Q

What is a serious occurrence notification form?

A
  • provides overview
  • alerts parents
  • no private info
71
Q

What is a serious occurrence form?

A
  • online form
  • details of incident
  • submitted
72
Q

How long does the serious notification form need to be posted?

A

A minimum of 10 business days.

73
Q

Under what circumstances is there an exception in posting?

A
  • suspected abuse or neglect
  • needs to be investigated
74
Q

What information must a serious occurrence notifcation form provide?

A
  • program name
  • date
  • date of occurrence
  • type
  • description
  • action taken
  • signature
75
Q

How is personal information protected?

A

No private or identifying information is shared.

76
Q

What is the procedure for a serious occurrence?

A
  • attend to emergency
  • attend to immediate risks
  • report to director, unless abuse
  • director conducts inquiry
  • contact parents and backup designate
  • report to program advisor through CCLA
77
Q

How can we prevent children from wandering?

A
  • daily attendance and head counts
  • develop and review policies and procedures
  • secure exits
  • install security systems
  • ensure fences are intact, gates are locked
  • identifying clothing and extra supervision for field trips
78
Q

What are two factors that most influence the severity of a playground injury?

A
  • height of the child’s fall and the protective surface
79
Q

Name 4 protective surfacing materials.

A
  • sand
  • wood/bark chips
  • pea gravel
  • manufactured
80
Q

Since 2003, which material has not been approved by CSA for building playground structures?

A

Pressure-treated wood.

81
Q

What is the benefit of vaccination to children?

A

Childhood routine vaccinations protect against diseases.

82
Q

What is the benefit of vaccination to society?

A

Vaccinations stop transmissible diseases from spreading from person to person and infecting communities.

83
Q

Why do some parents choose not to have their children immunized?

A
  • unsafe
  • side effects
  • not tested
  • wearing out the child’s immune system
  • doesn’t work
84
Q

Which vaccines do some parents think cause autism?

A
  • the MMR vaccine
  • thimerosal (a preservative)
85
Q

What is DPTP?

A

Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio

86
Q

What are some side effects of vaccines?

A
  • mild pain and redness
  • maybe swelling
  • mild fever and rash
  • fainting, if anxious
87
Q

What are the requirements for vaccine exemptions?

A

medical, religious and conscience exemptions

Nutrition, Health, and Safety (4 decks)

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