Final Exam Flashcards
These are therapies that are capable of re-growing, repairing, or replacing damaged cells or organs
Regenerative Medicine
This therapy involves unspecialized cells that are normally present in tissue and have regenerative capabilities. They modulate inflammatory or immune responses
Stem cell therapy
The type of stem cell is able to differentiate into intra- and extra- embryonic tissue and is found in the fertilized zygote
Totipotent
This type of stem cell is able to differentiate into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. It is naturally found in embryos and can be reverse engineered from adult: induced pluripotent stem cells
Pluripotent
This type of stem cell is able to differentiate into limited number of cell lines and found in most adult mammalian tissue
Multipotent
Name a specific Multipotent stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cell
What are the steps to preparing stem cells?
Collection (of adipose tissue/bone marrow aspirate), Isolation (gradient-density centrifugation), Expansion (population doubling until sufficient numbers are reached)
What consists of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines within platelet rich plasma?
Alpha Granules
With PRP, the goal is to increase the platelets how much above baseline?
4 to 7 fold increase
After centrifugation for PRP, what is the blood split into?
Platelet rich plasma, platelet poor plasma, and RBCs
When giving PRP injections for OA, what two drug classes should be avoided for 2 weeks?
Steroids and NSAIDs
This is similar to PRP and has similar effects of Hyaluronic acid plus steroids in dogs
Autologous conditioned plasma
The following describes what?
- Sometimes referred to as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP II)
- autogenous
- induces WBC to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines
- used in human and equine OA cases
Autologous conditioned serum
What are the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are specifically activated?
Synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and monocytes
How is autologous conditioned serum made?
- Blood is collected via sterile technique
- Incubated at 37 degrees
- Centrifuged and serum collected
Regarding weight gain in animals, energy consumed is too high relative to what?
Energy expenditure
What are some risk factors of that lead to obesity?
Calorie dense food, excess calories fed, and low energy expenditure
What is the most important piece of information when obtaining a good history from client regarding nutrition?
Type and quantity of food
What are the 4 points evaluated for muscle condition scoring?
Spine, Shoulder blades, skulls, and hips
How do you estimate target weight?
- Subtract target BCS from current BCS
- Multiply 10% times BW
- Multiply the 10% BW times BCS number from first equation
- Subtract number above from current weight to determine target weight
What is the equation for Resting Energy Requirement (RER)?
RER = (70 * (BW^0.75)) Kcal
What is the equation for Daily Energy Requirement?
DER = RER * 1.0
When assessing the current diet and feeding management, what should you ask and identify?
Ask open-ended questions and identify barriers
This exercise is good for increasing hind limb muscle strength and ROM
Rock Back Sit-Push Exercise
