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Small Animal Rehab > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

These are therapies that are capable of re-growing, repairing, or replacing damaged cells or organs

A

Regenerative Medicine

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2
Q

This therapy involves unspecialized cells that are normally present in tissue and have regenerative capabilities. They modulate inflammatory or immune responses

A

Stem cell therapy

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3
Q

The type of stem cell is able to differentiate into intra- and extra- embryonic tissue and is found in the fertilized zygote

A

Totipotent

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4
Q

This type of stem cell is able to differentiate into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. It is naturally found in embryos and can be reverse engineered from adult: induced pluripotent stem cells

A

Pluripotent

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5
Q

This type of stem cell is able to differentiate into limited number of cell lines and found in most adult mammalian tissue

A

Multipotent

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6
Q

Name a specific Multipotent stem cell

A

Mesenchymal stem cell

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7
Q

What are the steps to preparing stem cells?

A

Collection (of adipose tissue/bone marrow aspirate), Isolation (gradient-density centrifugation), Expansion (population doubling until sufficient numbers are reached)

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8
Q

What consists of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines within platelet rich plasma?

A

Alpha Granules

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9
Q

With PRP, the goal is to increase the platelets how much above baseline?

A

4 to 7 fold increase

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10
Q

After centrifugation for PRP, what is the blood split into?

A

Platelet rich plasma, platelet poor plasma, and RBCs

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11
Q

When giving PRP injections for OA, what two drug classes should be avoided for 2 weeks?

A

Steroids and NSAIDs

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12
Q

This is similar to PRP and has similar effects of Hyaluronic acid plus steroids in dogs

A

Autologous conditioned plasma

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13
Q

The following describes what?
- Sometimes referred to as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP II)
- autogenous
- induces WBC to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines
- used in human and equine OA cases

A

Autologous conditioned serum

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14
Q

What are the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are specifically activated?

A

Synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and monocytes

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15
Q

How is autologous conditioned serum made?

A
  • Blood is collected via sterile technique
  • Incubated at 37 degrees
  • Centrifuged and serum collected
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16
Q

Regarding weight gain in animals, energy consumed is too high relative to what?

A

Energy expenditure

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17
Q

What are some risk factors of that lead to obesity?

A

Calorie dense food, excess calories fed, and low energy expenditure

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18
Q

What is the most important piece of information when obtaining a good history from client regarding nutrition?

A

Type and quantity of food

19
Q

What are the 4 points evaluated for muscle condition scoring?

A

Spine, Shoulder blades, skulls, and hips

20
Q

How do you estimate target weight?

A
  • Subtract target BCS from current BCS
  • Multiply 10% times BW
  • Multiply the 10% BW times BCS number from first equation
  • Subtract number above from current weight to determine target weight
21
Q

What is the equation for Resting Energy Requirement (RER)?

A

RER = (70 * (BW^0.75)) Kcal

22
Q

What is the equation for Daily Energy Requirement?

A

DER = RER * 1.0

23
Q

When assessing the current diet and feeding management, what should you ask and identify?

A

Ask open-ended questions and identify barriers

24
Q

This exercise is good for increasing hind limb muscle strength and ROM

A

Rock Back Sit-Push Exercise

25
Q

What exercise is good for improving shoulder strength and stability and improving hindlimb proprioception?

A

Tuck Sit-Kick Back Stand

26
Q

What is the #1 cause of lack of compliance?

A

Poor or inadequate pet owner education

27
Q

What is another word for nutraceutical?

A

Supplement

28
Q

In the US, nutraceuticals ARE REGULATED but what is limited?

A

Surveillance

29
Q

A state department of agriculture or chemist’s office may adopt/follow what guidelines?

A

AAFCO

30
Q

What is nutritionally essential in the cat and dog?

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

31
Q

Name the omega-6 acids

A

Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid

32
Q

Name the omega-3 acids

A

Alpha Linolenic acid, eicosapentanaoic acid, doxosahexanoic aicd

33
Q

Between omega 6 and omega 3, which one is anti-inflammatory and inflammatory?

A
  • Omega 6 = inflammation
  • Omega 3 = anti-inflammatory
34
Q

What is a good source of omega 3s?

A

Fish and fish oil

35
Q

The green-lipped mussel (perna canaliculus) is high in ________ and contains _____________ that reduce lameness scores in dogs

A

Omega 3s and contains Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

36
Q

Glucosamine inhibits what two things?

A

Neutrophils function and PGE2 production due to anti-inflammatory properties

37
Q

These two things stimulate cartilage metabolism, inhibits degradation in dogs, reduces CS of OA, and improves histologic appearance of articular cartilage in dogs

A

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate

38
Q

This stimulates synthesis of collagen type II and proteoglycans within the joint. It also increases TGF-BETA 1 in dogs

A

Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables

39
Q

This has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function but can cause malodorous skin, urine, and feces

A

Tumeric

40
Q

These can improve gait but are choking hazards and can fracture teeth

A

Elk antlers

41
Q

When do you assess a patients with rehab programs?

A
  • At a set end point (phases of healing)
  • Throughout the program and set intervals
  • If goals change
  • If there is no improvement and something else changes
42
Q

What are two acute pain scales?

A
  • CO State Acute Pain Scale
  • Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale
43
Q

Name 3 chronic pain scales

A
  • Helinski Chronic pain index
  • Canine brief pain index
  • LOAD
44
Q

For muscle girth measurements of thoracic limbs, you should measure just proximal to what?

A

Epicondyles

Small Animal Rehab (2 decks)

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