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ENDO 34 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Prolactin is produced in?

A

Pituitary lactotropes (pars distalis)

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2
Q

Prolactin’s general function & actions
-mammals
-fish
-birds
-amphibians

A

Mammals
-lactogeneisis (milk production)
-pregnancy maintenance
-nesting and maternal behavior
Fish
-mucous production in discus fish
Birds
-crop sac milk
-brood patch formation
Amphibians
-water drive
-skin sloughing and tail regeneration
-stimulates larvae growth

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3
Q

Prolactin’s Regulation

A

-inhibited by dopamine
-GABA inhibits
-estrogen stimulates
-suckling stimulates

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4
Q

Prolactin’s Receptor

A

Cytokine receptor

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5
Q

a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone produced

A

pars intermedia of pituitary melanotropes

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6
Q

a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone general function and action

A

stimulates pigmentation

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7
Q

a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone regulation

A

-dopamine inhibits
-background color

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8
Q

a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor

A

G-protein coupled

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9
Q

Growth hormone produced

A

pituitary somatotropes (pars distalis)

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10
Q

Growth hormone general function and action

A

-growth
-chondrogenesis at the epiphyseal plate of bone
- stimulates lipolysis
- diabetogenic (insulin resistance)
-seawater adaption

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11
Q

Growth hormone receptor

A

cytokine receptor

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12
Q

Growth hormone regulation

A

-stimulated by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)
-inhibited by somatostatin
-stimulated by ghrelin
- inhibited by insulin-like growth factor

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13
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH general function and actions

A

-regulator of the reproductive
-stimulates FSH & LH

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15
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulation

A

stimulated by puberty

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16
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor

A

g-protein coupled

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17
Q

ACTH produced

A

pituitary corticotropes (pars distalis)

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18
Q

ACTH general function & action

A

-increases cortisol production

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19
Q

ACTH regulation

A

-corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates
-Arginine vasopressin stimulates
-stress stimulates glucocorticoids and inhibits ACTH

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20
Q

ACTH receptor

A

g-protein coupled receptor

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21
Q

AVP is known as what invertebrates

A

arginine vasotocin

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22
Q

AVP produced

A

PVN of hypothalamus

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23
Q

AVP general function and action

A

-water retention and water absorption in vertebrates
-induces male-like behaviors

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24
Q

AVP regulation

A

-stimulated by high osmolality
-reduced blood volume or bp stimulates it
-alcohol inhibits

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25
Q

AVP receptor

A

g-protein-coupled receptor

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26
Q

Thyroid hormone produced

A

thyroid

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27
Q

Thyroid hormone general function and action

A

-stimulates metabolic rate
-increases body temp
- increases growth & development
-stimulates metamorphosis
-stimulates fish migration
-stimulates smoltification

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28
Q

Thyroid hormone regulation

A

-stimulated by TSH
-stimulated by cold exposure because coldness stimulates TSH
-stimulated by increased caloric intake

29
Q

Thyroid hormone receptor

A

g proetein coupled receptor

30
Q

Oxytocin produced

A

hypothalamus

31
Q

Oxytocin’s general function and action

A

-milk release
-induce uterine contraction
-PRL secretion
-maternal behavior
-may stimulate human sexual responses

32
Q

Oxytocin regulation

A

-stimulated by suckling & uterine contractions

33
Q

Oxytocin receptor

A

g protein-coupled receptor

34
Q

Somatosonin produced

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

Somatosonin general function and action

A

general inhibitor of cell and paracrine function
-inhibits GH secretion
-suppresses glucagon and insulin

36
Q

Calcitonin produced

A

parafollicular cells

37
Q

Calcitonin general function and action

A
  • satiety hormone
    -reduces the calcium in the blood
38
Q

Calcitonin regulation

A

elevated calcium increases secretion

39
Q

Calcitonin receptor

A

g-protein coupled receptor

40
Q

PTH produced

A

chief cells of the parathyroid gland

41
Q

PTH general function and action

A

-increases calcium absorption and plasma calcium
-stimulates active vitamin D production

42
Q

PTH regulation

A

-stimulated by low plasma calcium
-inhibited by high calcium

43
Q

PTH receptors

A

g protein-coupled receptor

44
Q

Vitamin D produced

A

-in skin by UV light or from diet

45
Q

Vitamin D’s general function and action

A

-increase serum calcium and calcium absorption
-bone reabsorption

46
Q

Vitamin D regulation

A

-low serum calcium stimulates active vitamin D

47
Q

Vitamin D receptor

A

g-protein coupled

48
Q

Erythropoietin produced

A

peritubular cells of the kidney

49
Q

Erythropoietin general functions and actions

A

stimulate red blood cell production

50
Q

Epinephrine produced

A

adrenal medulla

51
Q

Epinephrine’s general functions and actions

A

-mobilizes energy substrates required to make glucose
-increase glycogenolysis & lipolysis
-elicits a cardiovascular effect
-relaxes smooth muscle
-induces thermogenesis

52
Q

Epinephrine regulation

A

-stress stimulates
-acetylcholine stimulates
-cortisol enhances effects

53
Q

Epinephrine receptor

A

g-protein coupled

54
Q

Cortisol produced

A

zona fasiculate of adrenal cortex

55
Q

Cortisol general function and action

A

primary stress hormone
-inhibit protein synthesis
-promote lipolysis
-lowers immunity

56
Q

Cortisol regulation

A

-stress stimulates
-low glucose level stimulates it
-immune system and inflammation enhance it

57
Q

Cortisol receptor

A

g protein coupled

58
Q

Aldosterone produced

A

zona glomerulasa of adrenal cortex

59
Q

Aldosterone general function and action

A

-NA absorption to increase blood sodium
-water absorption to increase blood pressure

60
Q

Aldosrterone regulation

A

-stimulated by angiotensin II
-RAAS

61
Q

Atrial natriuretic factor produced

A

by the heart

62
Q

Atrial natriuretic factor general function and action

A

-reduces blood volume
-increases natriuresis (urination of sodium) & diuresis (excess secretion of urine)
-reduces ADH or arginine vasopressin secretion

63
Q

Atrial natriuretic factor regulation

A

-stimulated by high blood volume

64
Q

FSH produced

A

gonadotropes

65
Q

FSH general function and action

A

regulate gonads
-increase ovarian follicle growth and estrogen synthesis
-increase spermatogenesis

66
Q

FSH regulation

A

-stimulated by GnRH
-season
-stress/low energy state
-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone & inhibin inhibits

67
Q

LH produced

A

gonadotropes

68
Q

LH general function and action

A

-stimulates ovulation
-increases estrogen and progesterone synthesis
-increase androgen synthesis (testosterone)

69
Q

LH regulation

A

-stimulated by GnRH
-season
-stress and energy
-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone & inhibin inhibits

ENDO 34 (2 decks)

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