Final Exam Flashcards
large elevated portions on occlusal surface of molars, premolars, and incisal surfaces of canines
cusps
pryamidal elevation with a peak called a cusp tip
cusps
How many cusps do canines have?
1
How many cusps do premolars have?
2 or 3
How many cusps do most molars have?
3-5
linear prominences of enamel
ridges
form mesial and distal borders of enamel on lingual surfaces of anterior and/or occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
marginal ridges
located on major cusps of posterior teeth and extend from a cusp toward the depression near the middle of the occlusal surface faciolingually
triangular ridges
when a triangular ridge from a buccal cusp joins with a triangular ridge from a lingual cusp, these two ridges together from a longer ridge
transverse ridge
found only on maxillary molars, ridge crosses the occlusal surface obliquely and is made up of one ridge on the mesiolingual cusp joining with the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp
oblique ridge
run cervio-occlusally on the buccal surfaces of premolars or molars
buccal ridge
run from canine cusps toward CEJ on the facial surface
labial ridge
extends lingually toward the cingulum
lingual ridge
prominence or bulge in the cervical third of the lingual surface of the crown of incisors
cingulum
the broad v shaped depression or valley on the occlusal surface of each posterior tooth running mesiodistally between the buccal and lingual cusps
sulcus
a linear channel often found between cusps in the depth of the sulcus and between ridges
grooves
separate cusps and other major portions of a tooth formed from developmental lobes
developmental grooves
developmental groove that separates the buccal from the lingual cusps and is located near the buccolingual center of the tooth sulcus
central groove
irregular grooves branching from developmental grooves
supplemental grooves
shallow depressions located at the mesial and distal ends of the central groove on each posterior tooth within the occlusal table and next to the mesial and distal marginal ridges
fossae
small depression at the depth of the fossae where developmental grooves form
pit
found at the depth of fossae and grooves, caused by incomplete fusion of enamel during tooth formation
fissures
When do permanent maxillary canines erupt?
11-12 years
What is the root length of permanent maxillary canines?
16.5 mm
When do permanent maxillary first premolars erupt?
10-11 years
What is the root length of permanent maxillary first premolars?
13.4 mm
When do permanent maxillary second premolars erupt?
10-12 years
What is the root length of permanent maxillary second premolars?
14.0 mm
When do permanent maxillary first molars erupt?
6-7 years
What is the root length of the mesiobuccal root of permanent maxillary first molars?
12.9 mm
What is the root length of the distobuccal root of permanent maxillary first molars?
12.2 mm
What is the root length of the lingual root of permanent maxillary first molars?
13.7 mm
When do permanent maxillary second molars erupt?
12-13 years
What is the root length of the mesiobuccal root of permanent maxillary second molars?
12.9 mm
What is the root length of the distobuccal root of permanent maxillary second molars?
12.1 mm
What is the root length of the lingual root of permanent maxillary second molars?
13.5 mm
When do permanent mandibular canines erupt?
9-10 years
What is the root length of permanent mandibular canines?
15.9 mm
When do permanent mandibular first premolars erupt?
10-12 years
What is the root length of permanent mandibular first premolars?
14.4 mm
When do permanent mandibular second premolars erupt?
11-12 years
What is the root length of permanent mandibular second premolars?
14.7 mm
When do permanent mandibular first molars erupt?
6-7 years
What is the root length of the mesial root of permanent mandibular first molars?
14.0 mm
What is the root length of the distal root of permanent mandibular first molars?
13.0 mm
When do permanent mandibular second molars erupt?
11-13 years
What is the root length of the mesial root of permanent mandibular second molars?
13.9 mm
What is the root length of the distal root of permanent mandibular second molars?
13.0 mm
What tooth is the longest in the permanent dentition?
maxillary canines
How many roots do maxillary central, lateral, and canines have?
one root and one canal
What is the shape of maxillary canines?
conical with pointed apex bending distally
What root depressions do maxillary canines have?
mesial and distal
How many roots do maxillary first premolars have and what are they?
one or two, buccal and lingual
How many canals do the roots of maxillary first premolars have?
two
What root depressions do maxillary first premolars have?
mesial and distal
How many roots do maxillary second premolars have?
one or two
How many root canals do maxillary second premolars have?
one
Is the mesial concavity more prominent on first or second maxillary premolars?
first
How many roots do maxillary first molars have and what are they?
three, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual
Which root is the longest on maxillary first molars?
lingual
Where is there an evident root concavity on maxillary first molars?
mesiobuccal root
How many root canals do maxillary first molars tend to have?
four with two in the mesiobuccal
How many roots do maxillary second molars have and what are they?
three, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual
How many root canals do maxillary second molars have?
four with two in the mesiobuccal root
How many roots do manibular canines have?
one
What can sometimes happen to the root of mandibular canines?
bifurcate into facial and lingual root in the apical third
Is the root shorter on maxillary or mandibular canines?
mandibular
Is the apex of the root of mandibular canines pointed or blunt?
blunt
What root depressions do mandibular canines have?
mesial and distal
How many roots do mandibular first premolars have?
one
How many roots and root canals do mandibular second premolars have?
one root and one canal
How many roots do mandibular first molars have and what are they?
two, mesial and smaller distal
How many root canals do mandibular first molars have?
three with two in the mesial root
How many roots do mandibular second molars have and what are they?
two, mesial and distal
How many root canals do mandibular second molars have?
three with two in the mesial root
Do maxillary or mandibular canines erupt first?
mandibular
Do maxillary or mandibular canines have a larger and more developed cusp?
maxillary
Which canine has a narrower crown mesiodistally?
mandibular
Is the mesial or distal cusp slope on maxillary canines shorter?
mesial
Which canine has a less sharp cusp tip?
mandibular
Which surface on maxillary canines bulges beyond the root outline?
mesial
Which canine has a less pronounced labial ridge?
mandibular
How many fossae do maxillary canines have?
two
Where is the cingulum located on maxillary canines?
centered mesiodistally
Do maxillary canines normally have pits?
no
Which canine typically has a longer crown?
mandibular
How much of the crown do the cusp ridges and tip occupy of maxillary canines?
1/3
How much of the crown do the cusp ridges and tip occupy of mandibular canines?
1/4
What is the angle of the mesial cusp ridge on mandibular canines?
almost horizontal
Is the mesial side of the crown of mandibular canines more straight or does it bulge out?
straight
Do maxillary or mandibular canines have a more prominent cingulum?
maxillary
Where is the cingulum located on mandibular canines?
centered or distal
Which canine has a less prominent lingual surface?
mandibular
How many cusps do maxillary first premolars have and what are they?
two, buccal and lingual
How many roots do maxillary first premolars have and what are they?
two, buccal and lingual
Which maxillary premolar is larger?
first
What is the shape of maxillary first premolars?
hexagonal
Is the buccal or lingual cusp longer and sharper on maxillary first premolars?
buccal
Which premolar has a mesial cusp ridge of buccal cusp that is longer?
maxillary first premolar
What type of groove runs mesiodistally across the center of both maxillary first and second premolars?
central developmental groove
Is the central developmental groove longer on first or second maxillary premolars?
first
Are the mesial and distal pits farther apart on maxillary first or second premolars?
second
Do maxillary first or second premolars have more supplemental grooves?
second
Which direction does the root of both maxillary premolars curve?
distally
How many cusps do maxillary second premolars have and what are they?
two, buccal and lingual
How many roots do maxillary second premolars have?
one
Is the crown from the occlusal view of maxillary second premolars symmetrical or asymmetrical?
symmetrical
Is the buccal ridge on maxillary second premolars more or less prominent?
less
Which maxillary premolar’s cusps are more equal in length?
second
Which maxillary premolar has cusps that are more sharp?
first
Which cusp ridge is shorter on maxillary second premolars?
mesial
Which maxillary premolar has more supplemental grooves?
second
How many roots do maxillary second premolars have?
one
How many cusps do mandibular first premolars have and what are they?
two, buccal and lingual
Which cusp on mandibular first premolars is small, short, and non-functional?
lingual
Which mandibular premolar has a smaller and shorter crown?
second
Which cusp ridge is smaller on mandibular first premolars?
mesial
Where do the two triangular ridges unite on mandibular first premolars?
near the center of the occlusal surface
How many fossae do mandibular first premolars have?
two
What does each fossa on mandibular first premolars have?
a pit
How many roots do both mandibular premolars have?
one
Which mandibular premolar has a sharper apex?
first
Which direction does the apex of the root on mandibular molars curve?
distally
How much longer are the roots of mandibular second premolars when comparing them to the crown?
twice as long
What tooth replaces primary mandibular second molars?
mandibular second premolars
Are mandibular first or second premolars larger?
second
How many cusps do mandibular second premolars have?
2 or 3
What are the cusps of two cusp type mandibular second premolars?
buccal and lingual
On two cusp type mandibular second premolars, which cusp is less pointed?
buccal
Which cusp on two cusp type mandibular second premolars is shorter and narrower?
lingual
Which cusp ridge is shorter on mandibular second premolars?
mesial
What is the shape of the grooves on two cusp type mandibular second premolars?
H or U
What are the cusps on three cusp type mandibular second premolars?
buccal and two smaller lingual cusps
How many fossae do three cusp type mandibular second premolars have and what are they?
three, mesial, distal, and central
Do three cusp type mandibular second premolars have a central groove?
yes
Is the mesial or distal groove longer on three cusp type mandibular second premolars?
mesial
Which premolar is the only premolar to have a lingual groove?
three cusp type mandibular second premolar
What is the shape of grooves formed on three cusp type mandibular second premolars?
Y
Do three cusp type mandibular second premolars have a transverse ridge?
no
Which teeth are the first permanent teeth to erupt into the maxillary arch?
maxillary first molars?
How many roots do maxillary first molars have?
3
Do maxillary first molars replace any primary teeth?
no
Which tooth in the maxillary arch is the largest?
first molar
What is the size order of the cusps on maxillary first molars from largest to smallest?
mesiolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, distolingual
What groove divides the occlusal outline on maxillary first molars?
buccal groove
Which marginal ridge is longer on maxillary first molars?
mesial marginal ridge
Which cusps have a triangular ridge on four cusp type maxillary first molars?
mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and mesiolingual
What do the cusp ridges of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps join to form on maxillary first molars?
one transverse ridge
What are the fossae on maxillary first molars?
central, mesial triangular, distal triangular, and distal
Which fossa on maxillary first molars is the largest?
central
How many roots do maxillary first molars have and what are they?
three, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual
Which root on maxillary first molars is the longest?
lingual
Which root on maxillary first molars is the shorterst?
distobuccal
How many root canals do maxillary molars have?
four with two canals in the mesiobuccal root and one in the distobuccal and lingual roots
Which maxillary molar has a more pronounced separation between roots?
first
Which molars have a longer root root trunk, maxillary or mandibular?
maxillary
Do maxillary first or second molars have a shorter crown?
second
How many cusps do maxillary second molars have and what are they?
four, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual
How many roots do maxillary second molars have?
three
Do maxillary first or second molars have shorter roots?
second
How many roots do maxillary second molars have and what are they?
three, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual
Which root is the longest on maxillary second molars?
lingual
Which root on maxillary second molars is the shortest?
distobuccal
Which mandibular tooth is the largest in the entire mandibular dentition?
first molar
What is the shape of mandibular first molars?
pentagonal
Are mandibular molars wider mesiodistally or higher cervio-occlusally?
wider mesiodistally
How many cusps do mandibular first molars have and what are they?
five, mesiolingual, distolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and distal
Which cusp on mandibular molars is the longest?
mesiolingual
Which cusp is the shortest on mandibular first molars?
distal
Are buccal or lingual cusps longer on mandibular molars?
lingual
Are mandibular molars wider mesiodistally or bucolingually?
mesiodistally
How many fossae are on both mandibular molars?
three
What pits are evident on mandibular first molars?
central, mesial, and distal
Which mandibular molar has larger, longer, and more divergent roots?
first
How many roots do mandibular molars have and what are they?
two, mesial and distal
Which root on mandibular molars is broader and longer?
mesial
How many root canals do mandibular molars have and what are they?
three, two in mesial and one in distal
Which mandibular molar has a shorter root trunk?
first
How many cusps do mandibular second molars have and what are they?
four, mesibuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual
Which cusp on mandibular second molars is the smallest?
distobuccal
What is the shape of the groove pattern of mandibular second molars?
+
How many roots do mandibular second molars have and what are they?
two, mesial and distal
the congenital absence of teeth
anodontia
teeth that form more than the 32 normal permanent teeth
supernumerary teeth
a small supernumerary tooth that forms between central incisors
mesiodens
abnormally large teeth
macrodontia
abnormally small teeth
microdontia
teeth characterized by having prominent marginal ridges with a deep lingual fossa on maxillary incisors
shovel shaped incisors
a tooth within a tooth
dens in dente
joining together of the dentin and enamel of two or more separate developing teeth
fusionan
attempt by the tooth bud to divide
gemination or twinning
a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join
concrescence
small round nodules of enamel with a tiny core of dentin found most frequently on the distal of third molars and near the buccal furcation of molars
enamel pearls
pulp chamber is very long, without a constriction near the CEJ
taurodontia
severe bend or angular distortion of a tooth root
dilaceraiton
formation of excess cementum around the root of the tooth after tooth has erupted
hypercementosis
maxillary teeth often exhibit normal sized crowns with abnormally dwarfed roots
dwarfed roots
abnormal incisor shape resulting from exposure to congenital syphilis during incisor formation
hutinson incisor
molars with occlusal surfaces shaped like a mulberry due to congenital syphilis during molar formation
mulberry molars
loss of periodontal ligament resulting in fusion of cementum to bone due to trauma or infection
ankylosis
hereditary condition that affects enamel formation which can occur in both dentitions
amelogenesis imperfecta
hereditary disorder that affects the dentin formation of both dentitions resulting in grey or brown discoloration
dentinogenesis imperfecta
condition caused by exposure of forming enamel to excessive amount of fluoride
fluorisis
discoloration of teeth caused by exposure to tetracycline antibiotics during time of tooth formation
tetracycline stain
wearing away of tooth structure due to heavy occlusal contacts between maxillary and mandibular teeth
attrition
loss of tooth structure by chemical means
erosion
wearing away of tooth structure due to mechanical means
abrasion
