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FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

A non-progressive ( It doesn’t get worse) brain injury or malformation
that occurs while the child’s brain is under development

A

Cerebral Palsy

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2
Q

Cerebral Palsy:
It affects body _ and _

A

movement and muscle
coordination

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3
Q

Cerebral Palsy:
Symptoms vary from mild to severe
- On the mild side, It could be only a _

A

slight speech issue

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4
Q

Cerebral Palsy:
Symptoms vary from mild to severe
- And on the severe
side, a total inability to _ and can also cause an
Intellectual disability

A

control any part of the
body

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5
Q

Cerebral Palsy:
Premature infant _ times more likely to be born with CP than full-term baby

A

five

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6
Q

3 Schemes of Cerebral Palsy

A
  1. Topographical (parts of body anatomical)
  2. Neuromotor (medical)
  3. Functional (movement related)
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7
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
6 Topographical classifications

A
  1. Monoplegia
  2. Diplegia
  3. Hemiplegia
  4. Paraplegia
  5. Triplegia
  6. Quadriplegia
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8
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Topographical classifications
- Any one body part

A

Monoplegia

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9
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Topographical classifications
- Major involvement of
both lower limbs or minor
involvement of both upper limbs

A

Diplegia

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10
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Topographical classifications
- One complete side of the body (arm and leg)
- Muscle stiffness or weakness on one half of the body
- Lack of fine motor skills
- Difficulty balancing and
walking
- Keeping one hand fisted

A

Hemiplegia

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11
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Topographical classifications
- Any three limbs involved (rare)

A

Triplegia

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12
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Topographical classifications
- Total body involvement (all
four limbs, neck, and trunk)

A

Quadriplegia

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13
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- 3 types

A
  1. Spastic CP
  2. Dyskinetic CP
  3. Ataxia CP
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14
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- The child has increased muscle tone, stiff and tight
muscles, It is difficult for them to turn then on and off
- Largest group it is about 80% of all CP

A

Spastic CP

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15
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- Largest group it is about 80% of all CP

A

Spastic CP

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16
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- The child has low
uncoordinated movements,
involuntary movements,
interferes with speaking

A

Dyskinetic CP

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17
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- The child has balance
problems, clumsiness,
awkwardness
- They just look very clumsy

A

Ataxia CP

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18
Q

Schemes of Cerebral Palsy:
Neuromotor classifications
- It is rare (6%)

A

Ataxia CP

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19
Q

Cerebral Palsy Educational Considerations:
CP is _, not cured. Its always going to be there
- Alleviating symptoms caused by brain damage

A

managed

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20
Q

Cerebral Palsy Educational Considerations:
Managing _ —improving muscle control, muscle relaxation, functional skills

A

motor function

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21
Q

Cerebral Palsy Educational Considerations:
_ development—interferes with development of functional skills (e.g., kicking and throwing balls)

A

Abnormal reflex

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22
Q

Cerebral Palsy Educational Considerations:
_ is a big part of success

A

Physical therapy

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23
Q

Cerebral Palsy Educational Considerations:
Primary concern—to develop _

A

total person (use of
collaboration or team approach)

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24
Q

Insult to the brain affecting physical, cognitive, social,
behavioral, and emotional functioning
- Referred to as silent epidemic

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

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25
Q

Physical impairments include lack of coordination, planning and sequencing movements, muscle spasticity, headaches, speech disorders, paralysis, and sensory impairments (vision problems)
- It is a wide difference between patients

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

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26
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
_ impairments may result in short- or long-term memory deficits, poor concentration, altered perception, communication disorders (reading, writing), and poor
judgment

A

Cognitive

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27
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
_ impairments include mood swings, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, inability to self-monitor, depression, sexual dysfunction, excessive laughing or crying, and difficulty with impulse control and relating to others

A

Social, emotional, and behavioral

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28
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- Leading killer and cause of disability in _ and _ in U.S

A

children and young adults under 45 years of age

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29
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- About _ Americans have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

5.3 million

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30
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- Males _ times more likely to sustain a TBI than females

A

1.5

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31
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- _, _, and _ are leading causes of injury
- Can also be caused from anoxia, cardiac arrest, near drowning, child abuse, and sport and recreation accidents

A

Motor vehicle accidents, violence, and falls

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32
Q

Classification and degrees of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- May result from accident, gunshot wound, or blow to head resulting in a visible injury

A

Open head injury

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33
Q

Classification and degrees of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- May be caused by severe
shaking, lack of oxygen, cranial hemorrhage, or blow to the head as in boxing

A

Closed head injury

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34
Q

Classification and degrees of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- Can range from very _

A

mild to severe

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35
Q

Classification and degrees of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
- Severe degree of injury characterized by _ and _

A

prolonged state of unconsciousness and many functional limitations remaining after rehabilitation

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36
Q

Teaching strategies and techniques for students with TBI:
- Use frequent _

A

reminders

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37
Q

Teaching strategies and techniques for students with TBI:
- Provide _ for review

A

additional time

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38
Q

Teaching strategies and techniques for students with TBI:
- Present information in _

A

simple steps

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39
Q

Teaching strategies and techniques for students with TBI:
- Help student _ information and use _ to remember material

A
  • organize
  • special techniques
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40
Q

Teaching strategies and techniques for students with TBI:
- _ written materials

A

color-code

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41
Q

Damage to brain resulting from faulty circulation
- Can affect motor ability and control, sensation,
communication, emotions, consciousness, and so on

A

Stroke

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42
Q

Stroke:
Varying degrees of disability

A

minimal loss to total
dependency

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43
Q

Stroke:
Most commonly causes _ paralysis to one side of body

A

partial or total

44
Q

Most common form of adult disability
- Rare in infants, children, and adolescents

45
Q

Stroke risk factors

A
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Drug abuse
  • Obesity
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Bad diet
46
Q

People who have strokes often are left with _

A
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Motor deficits
  • Seizure disorders
  • Communication problems
47
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of _

A

warning signs

48
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of warning signs:
- Sudden _ of face or arm or leg on one side of body

A

weakness or numbness

49
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of warning signs:
- Dimness or loss of _

50
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of warning signs:
- Loss of _

51
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of warning signs:
- Severe _ with no apparent cause

52
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Be aware of warning signs:
- Unexplained _ and sudden falls

53
Q

Stroke Educational Considerations:
Teachers and coaches should
- know _ of students, and
- seek medical attention when needed

A

medical history

54
Q

Stroke Safety Considerations:
Teachers and coaches _ activities, especially for students who are prone to seizures or who lack good judgment

A

closely monitor

55
Q

Stroke Safety Considerations:
Use _ for students with severe impairments,
- such as bolsters, crutches, standing platforms, and orthotic devices

A

special equipment

56
Q

Stroke Safety Considerations:
Assist students with _ who have difficulty moving voluntarily
- In and out of activity positions
- Physical support during activity
- Help in executing a specific skill

A

severe impairments

57
Q

Organization for adaptive sports for stroke

A

Blaze sports national disability sports alliance (BNDSA)

58
Q

Can result from direct injury to the cord itself or
indirectly from disease of the surrounding bones,
tissues, or blood vessels

A

Spinal cord injuries

59
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
Nearly half of all injuries
occurred between the
ages of _

60
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
80% of spinal cord
injuries reported have
occurred among _

61
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
- 42% occur from _
- 27% occur from falls
- 15% occur from acts
of violence

A

automobile accidents

62
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
_ persons in US

63
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
About 52% of spinal
cord injury survivors
are _, while 47% are _

A
  • paraplegic
  • quadriplegic
64
Q

2 classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries

A
  1. Medical
  2. sport
65
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
This classification is based on what part of the spinal column was injured and divided into three regions of the body

66
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- Generally the higher the spinal injury the _
- Extremities and body function beneath the injured area likely will be
affected

A

worse it is

67
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
For This class we are just
looking at three regions of the spine

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
  3. lumbar
68
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- This segment affects the neck, arm muscles and
diaphragm

69
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- This area affects the
chest and a abdominal
muscles

70
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- This is the most involved
section it has affect on the
hip, knee, ankle, foot muscles, bowl, bladder and
reproduction organs

71
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- T1 or above

A

Quadriplegia

72
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- T1-T6

A

Paraplegia

73
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- T6-T12

A

Paraplegia

74
Q

Classification systems for Spinal Cord Injuries:
Medical
- L1-L5

A

Paraplegia

75
Q

– Class I: T7 and above
– Class II: T8-L2
– Class III: L3 and below
* Team rules
– Five players
– Total of 12 points on the floor
– No more than three class III players

A

Wheelchair Basketball Sports Classification (NWBA)

76
Q

Causes of Spinal Cord injuries

A
  1. Traumatic injuries
  2. Spina Bifida
  3. Polio
77
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Traumatic injuries:
Four Limbs are affected

A

Quadriplegia

77
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Traumatic injuries:
Two Limbs are affected

A

Paraplegia

77
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Traumatic injuries:
Remember the amount of damage is related to _ on the spine is the injury

A

how high or low

78
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Classification & Function:
_ factors
- Respiration
- Shoulder, arm, and hand control and sensation
- Trunk stability
- Bowel and bladder control
- Quadriplegia and paraplegia

79
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
Psychological acceptance/ Person needs to see there’s life after the injury

A

Secondary issues

80
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
Additional health conditions
– Decubitus ulcers
– Bruising
– Urinary tract infections
– Spasticity
– Contractures
– Obesity

A

Secondary issues

81
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
_ is a congenial birth defect in which the neural tube fails to close completely
- As a result one or more
vertebrates fails to develop properly leaving it open in the spinal column

A

Spina bifida

82
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Spina Bifida:
Three classifications

A
  1. Myelomeningocele
  2. Meningocele
  3. Occulta
83
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Spina Bifida classifications:
Covering of the spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid and part of the spinal cord protrude through the opening and is visible on the back
- Loss of motor function is always present

A

Myelomeningocele

84
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Spina Bifida classifications:
Similar but less damaging then Myelomeningocele
- Only the spinal cord covering and cerebrospinal fluid protrude into the sack
- Rarely has neurological damage associated with it

A

Meningocele

85
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Spina Bifida classifications:
The least damaging form
- Defect is present in the
post cheerier arch of the vertebrae, usually soon after birth surgery is performed no long-term problems

86
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:
Is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis, breathing problems, or even death

87
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
Polio is caused by the _, a highly contagious virus specific to humans

A

poliovirus

88
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
The virus usually enters the environment in the _ of
someone who is infected

89
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
In areas with poor sanitation, the virus easily spreads through _

A

contaminated water or food

90
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
He discovered and developed the first successful polio vaccine
(October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995)

A

Jonas Edward Salk

91
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
Polio cases have _ more than 99% since 1988 from an estimated 350,000 cases to 416 cases in 2013. The reduction is the result of the global effort to eradicate the disease

92
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
The _ with the support of key health organizations in 1988 to focus on creating a solution to polio

A

World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)

93
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
As of 2014, only three countries remain infected with the virus

A

Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan

94
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
Post-polio syndrome
Affects _
- About 20% to 40% of people who recover from polio will later develop PPS

A

polio survivors

95
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
Post-polio syndrome
- The onset may occur _ after the initial polio attack

A

10 to 40 years

96
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries - Polio:
Post-polio syndrome
- Symptoms may include _

A
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle weakness
  • Muscular atrophy
  • Muscle spasms
  • Joint pain
  • Skeletal deformities
97
Q

Spinal Deviations:
The spine curves significantly inward at the lower back

98
Q

Spinal Deviations:
The upper back is abnormally rounded (more than 50 degrees of curvature)

99
Q

Spinal Deviations:
A sideways curve to the spine
- The curve is often S-shaped or C-shaped

100
Q

Spinal Deviations - Treatment:
- Establish policies and procedures
- Work on both strength and flexibility
- Make routines fun and motivating
- Employ appropriate warm-up and cool-down periods
- Emphasize static over dynamic stretching.
- Integrate programs into the _

A

regular physical education program

101
Q

Spinal Deviations - Treatment:
- Make sure students understand and can do the
exercises correctly
- Encourage students to _ when they exercise
- Make sure program is followed outside of physical
education.
- Be aware of limitations imposed by braces

A

watch themselves in mirrors

102
Q

Fitness and Spinal Cord Injuries:
Major Problem with spinal cord injuries
- People are often _

103
Q

Fitness and Spinal Cord Injuries:
They have poor general level of fitness
- Fitness programs need to emphasis _

A

– Flexibility
– Strength
– Endurance

104
Q

Spinal Cord injuries - Sports and inclusion:
- Focus on _
- Inclusion is a two-way street
- Substitute objectives (e.g., wheelchair skills for
locomotor skills)
- Make decisions based on assessment data
- Make accommodations to ensure success and
learning
- Teach self-advocacy

Adaptive Physical Education (7 decks)

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