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ANAT 315 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic girdle

A

connects axial skeleton and lower limbs
- hip bone x2
- sacrum
- coccyx

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1
Q

innominate

A

3 fused bones
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium

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2
Q

ilium (medial)

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. iliac fossa
  3. auricular surface
  4. iliac tuberosity
  5. anterior and posterior spines (4)
  6. arculate line
  7. greater sciatic notch
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3
Q

ilium (lateral)

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. gluteal surface
  3. anterior and posterior spines (4)
  4. greater sciatic notch

***NO ILIAC FOSSA

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4
Q

ischium

A
  1. ischial spine
  2. lesser sciatic notch
  3. ischial tuberosity
  4. ischial ramus
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5
Q

pubis

A
  1. superior and inferior pubic rami
  2. body of pubis
  3. pectineal line (continues from arcuate)
  4. symphyseal surface (where left and right pubis articulate-medially)
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6
Q

shared features of ilium, ischium and pubis

A
  1. acetabulum
  2. obturator foramen
  3. ischiopubic ramus
  4. iliopectineal line
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7
Q

male vs. female pelvis girdle

A

male: subpubic angle is smaller (60-70 degress)
female: subpubic angle is larger (90-100 degrees)

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8
Q

sacrum

A

anterior:
1. sacral promontory
2. anterior sacral formina
3. sacral ala

posterior:
1. posterior sacral formina
2. sacral canal
3. sacral hiatus

lateral:
1. auricular surface (connects to AS on ilium)

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9
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone - inferior to the sacrum

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10
Q

pelvic inlet

A

borders:
1. anterior: pubic symphasis
2. posterior: sacral promontary and ala
3. lateral: iliopectineal line

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11
Q

pelvic outlet

A

borders:
1. anterior: pubic arch
2. posterior: coccyx
3. lateral: ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

true pelvis

A

inferior to pelvic inlet
- contains pelvic viscera

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13
Q

false pelvis

A

superior to pelvic inlet
- contains abdominal viscera

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14
Q

pubic symphysis joint

A

fibrocartilaginous joing between symphyseal surface of both pelvises

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15
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

joint between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

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16
Q

sacroiliac ligament

A

attach sacrum and ilium
- supports trunk on lower limbs

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17
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

attach sacrum to ischial spine

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18
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

attaches PSIS, sacrum and ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

inguinal ligaments

A

attaches ASIS to pubis
- doesn’t support sacroiliac joint

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20
Q

greater sciatic foramina

A

in greater sciatic foramen above sacrospinous ligament

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21
Q

lesser sciatic foramina

A

in lesser sciatic foramen below sacrospinous ligament and above sacrotuberous ligament

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22
Q

hip joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint
- stability>mobility
- flex, extend, add, ab, circumduction

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23
Q

acetabulum

A
  1. lunate surface
  2. acetabular labrum
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24
Q

acetabular labrum

A

cartilaginous rim on acetabulum to deepen socket for more stability

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25
Q

femoral head

A

sits in the acetabulum of hip
- contains fovea

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26
Q

ligamentum teres

A

ligament in fovea with blood vessel supply to femoral heads

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27
Q

supporting ligaments

A
  1. iliofemoral
  2. pubofemoral
  3. ischiofemoral
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28
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

illium
- prevents hyperextension
- ‘Y’ ligament

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29
Q

pubofemoral ligament yes

A

pubis
- prevents excessive abduction

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30
Q

proximal femur

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. fovea
  4. greater trochanter
  5. trochanteric fossa
  6. lesser trochanter
  7. intertrochanteric creast
  8. intertrochanteric line
  9. gluteal tuberosity
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31
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. ischiococcygeus
  2. levator ani
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32
Q

ORIGIN of ischiococcygeus

A

sacrum (inferior end)

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33
Q

INSERTION of ischiococcygeus

A

ischial spine

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34
Q

ACTION of ischiococcygeus

A

supports pelvic viscera

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35
Q

Levator Ani

A

group of 3 muscles

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36
Q

ORIGIN of levator ani

A
  1. pubis
  2. superior pubic ramus
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37
Q

INSERTION of levator ani

A
  1. anococcygeal ligament
  2. coccyx
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38
Q

ACTION of levator ani

A

supports pelvic viscera

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39
Q

hiatuses

A
  1. anal hiatus (round)
  2. urogenital hiatus (longer)

***PASSAGE-WAY

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40
Q

function of the pelvic floor

A
  1. supports abdominal and pelvic viscera
  2. forms anal and urogenital hiatuses
  3. resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
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41
Q

movements at the hip joint

A
  1. flexion & extension
  2. abduction and adduction
  3. lateral and medial rotation
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42
Q

lateral rotators

A
  1. piriformis
  2. obturator internus
  3. obturator externus
  4. gemellus superior
  5. gemellus inferior
  6. quadratus femoris
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43
Q

ORIGIN of piriformis

A

pelvic surface of the sacrum (inferior)

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44
Q

INSERTION of piriformis

A

apex of the greater trochanter of femur

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45
Q

ACTION of piriformis

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip joint
  2. abduction of hip joint
  3. extension of hip joint
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46
Q

sciatic nerve

A

largest nerve running down leg that passes through greater sciatic foramen

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47
Q

ORIGIN of sciatic nerve

A

lumbosacral plexus (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)

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48
Q

piriformis syndrome

A

occurs when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve

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49
Q

ORIGIN of obturator externus

A

outer surface of obturator membrane

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50
Q

INSERTION of obturator externus

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

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51
Q

ACTION of obturator externus

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip joint
  2. adduction of hip joint
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52
Q

ORIGIN of obturator internus

A

inner surface of the obturator membrane

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53
Q

INSERTION of obturator internus

A

medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

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54
Q

ACTION of obturator internus

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip joint
  2. adduction og hip joint
  3. extension of hip joint
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55
Q

ORIGIN of gemellus superior

A

ischial spine

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56
Q

INSERTION of gemellus superior

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (with Ob. Internus tendon)

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57
Q

ACTION of gemellus superior

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip
  2. adduction of hip
  3. extension of hip
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58
Q

ORIGIN of gemellus inferior

A

ischial tuberosity

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59
Q

INSERTION of gemellus inferior

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (with Ob. Internus tendon)

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60
Q

ACTION of gemellus inferior

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip
  2. adduction of hip
  3. extension of hip
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61
Q

GOG sandwich

A
  1. gemellus superior
  2. obturator internus
  3. gemellus inferior
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62
Q

quadratus femoris

A

square muscle

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63
Q

ORIGIN of quadratus femoris

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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64
Q

INSERTION of quadratus femoris

A

intertrochanteric crest of the femur

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65
Q

ACTION of quadratus femoris

A
  1. lateral rotation of hip joint
  2. adduction of hip
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66
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial glute muscle

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67
Q

ORIGIN of gluteus maximus

A
  1. sacrum
  2. ilium
  3. thoracolumbar fascia
  4. sacrotuberous ligament
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68
Q

INSERTION of gluteus maximus

A
  1. ilitibial tract (superficial 2/3)
  2. gluteal tuberosity of femur (deep 1/3)
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69
Q

ACTION of gluteus maximus

A
  1. extension
  2. lateral rotation
  3. adduction
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70
Q

gluteus medius

A

second glute muscle

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71
Q

ORIGIN of gluteus medius

A

ilium (gluteal surface)

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72
Q

INSERTION of gluteus medius

A

greater trochanter of femur

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73
Q

ACTION of gluteus medius

A

abduction of hip

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74
Q

gluteus minimus

A

smallest and deepest glute muscle

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75
Q

ORIGIN of gluteus minimus

A

ilium (gluteal surface)

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76
Q

INSERTION of gluteus minimus

A

greater trochanter of femur

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77
Q

ACTION of gluteus minimus

A

abduction of hip

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78
Q

ORIGIN of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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79
Q

INSERTION of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A

iliotibial tract

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80
Q

ACTION of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A
  1. abduction of hip
  2. flexion of hip
  3. medial rotation of the hip
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81
Q

where does the femoral artery enter the lower limb?

A

at the inguinal ligament

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82
Q

where does the femoral artery travel?

A

down the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and passes through the adductor canal

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83
Q

what does the femoral artery supply?

A

anterior thigh

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84
Q

femoral artery branches

A
  1. profunda femoris (deep artery of the thigh)
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85
Q

profunda femoris branches

A
  1. lateral circumflex femoral artery (goes anterior)
  2. medial circumflex femoral artery (goes posterior)
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86
Q

profunda femoris

A
  • passes between muscles of the medial compartment and pierces the medial compartment muscle
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87
Q

what does the profunda femoris supply?

A

posterior thigh

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88
Q

lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)

A
  • short branch of profunda
  • contributes blood to anterior thigh and hip joint
  • curves around neck of femur
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89
Q

medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA)

A
  • posteromedial branch of profuda
  • emerges in gluteal region
  • supplies blood to posterior thigh and hip joint
  • curves around neck of femur
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90
Q

compartments of the thigh

A
  1. anterior
  2. medial
  3. posterior
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91
Q

popliteal fossa

A
  1. popliteal artery
  2. geniculate arteries
  3. posterior recurrent tibial artery
  4. anterior tibial artery
  5. posterior tibial artery
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92
Q

popliteal artery

A
  • enters leg at base of popliteal fossa
  • supplies blood to knee joint and superficial posterior leg
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93
Q

posterior tibial recurrent artery

A
  • branches laterally from popliteal artery
  • moves superior “recurrent”
  • supplies blood to proximal end of fibula and tibia
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94
Q

anterior tibial artery

A
  • originates posteriorly and branches laterally
  • pierces interosseus membrane to go to anterior leg
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95
Q

anterior tibial arteries

A
  • terminates in foot
  • supplies blood to anterior leg
  • branches into anterior tibial recurrent artery
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96
Q

anterior tibial recurrent artery

A
  • terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
  • supplies blood to knee joint
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97
Q

posterior tibial arteries

A
  • runs between the superficial and deep posterior muscle groups
  • terminates in foot
  • supplies blood to deep posterior leg
  • branches to fibular artery
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98
Q

fibular artery

A
  • runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
  • supplies blood to lateral leg and superficial posterior leg
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99
Q

dorsum of the foot

A

anterior tibial artery bifurcates at dorsum
- contains deep plantar artery which branches posteriorly
supplies:
- top of foot
- digits

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100
Q

plantar surface of the foot

A

posterior tibial artery curves under the medial calcaneus
supplies:
- bottom of foot
- digits

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101
Q

deep plantar artery

A

connect top and bottom of foot together

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102
Q

veins of the foot

A
  1. dorsal venous network of foot
  2. posterior tibial veins (bottom of foot)
  3. great saphenous vain
  4. anterior tibial veins
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103
Q

veins of leg

A
  1. venous network of foot
  2. posterior tibial veins (back of leg)
  3. anterior tibial veins
  4. great saphenous vein
  5. popliteal vein
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104
Q

great saphenous vein

A

empties into the femoral vein (lateral)

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105
Q

femoral vein

A

ascends from popliteal vein into the inguinal region

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106
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

L1-S4

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107
Q

obturator nerve

A

(L2-L4)
runs down anterior medial aspect of thigh and terminates in thigh

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108
Q

MOTOR INNERVATION of obturator nerve

A

medial thigh muscles

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109
Q

SENSORY INNERVATION of obturator nerve

A

skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh

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110
Q

femoral nerve

A

(L2-L4)
descends the anterior thigh to leg and divides into branches

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111
Q

MOTOR INNERVATION of femoral nerve

A

anterior thigh muscles

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112
Q

SENSORY INNERVATION of femoral nerve

A

skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot

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113
Q

sciatic nerve

A

(L4-S3)
runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments
- gives of muscular branches

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114
Q

MOTOR INNERVATION of sciatic nerve

A

posterior thigh muscles

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115
Q

sciatic nerve termination

A

terminates at the popliteal fossa and divides into two branches
- tibial nerve
- fibular nerve

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116
Q

tibial nerve

A

continues down the posterior aspect of leg and terminates at heel of foot

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117
Q

MOTOR INNERVATION of tibial nerve

A

posterior leg muscles and majority of foot muscles

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118
Q

SENSORY INNERVATION of tibial nerve

A

sole of foot and posterior leg

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119
Q

fibular (peroneal) nerve

A

curves around head of fibula
- once in anterior compartment of leg it divides into 3 branches
- terminates in foot

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120
Q

MOTOR INNERVATION of fibular nerve

A
  • lateral and anterior leg muscles
  • medial aspect of foot muscles
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121
Q

SENSORY INNERVATION of fibular nerve

A

lateral leg and dorsum of foot

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122
Q

anterior distal femur

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. lateral epicondyle
  3. medial condyle
  4. medial epicondyle
  5. adductor tubercle
  6. patellar surface
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123
Q

posterior distal femur

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. lateral epicondyle
  3. medial condyle
  4. medial epicondyle
  5. adductor tubercle
  6. intercondylar fossa
  7. linea aspera
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124
Q

inferior distal femur

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. medial condyle
  3. patellar surface (anterior)
  4. intercondylar fossa (posterior)
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125
Q

adductor tubercle

A

above medial epicondyle

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126
Q

adductor hiatus

A

hole in interosseus membrane where femoral artery and vein and popliteal artery and vein run through

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127
Q

auricular surfaces on patella

A

sit on top of tibial plateaus

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128
Q

anterior proximal tibia

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. medial condyle
  3. tibial tuberosity
  4. anterior border
  5. intercondylar eminence
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129
Q

intercondylar eminence

A

projection between the 2 condyles

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130
Q

posterior proximal tibia

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. medial condyle
  3. soleal line
  4. tibial plateau x2
  5. intercondylar eminence
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131
Q

superior proximal tibia

A
  1. lateral condyle
  2. medial condyle
  3. tibial tuberosity
  4. intercondylar eminence
  5. tibial plateau x2
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132
Q

medial malleolus

A

points in medially

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133
Q

knee joint

A
  • synovial joint
  • modified hinge
    contains joint capsule and bursae
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134
Q

knee movement

A

main movement
- flexion and extension
slight movement
- medial and lateral rotation

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135
Q

what bone is not part of the knee ?

A

fibula

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136
Q

cruciate ligaments of the knee

A
  • anterior cruciate ligaments
  • posterior cruciate ligaments
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137
Q

collateral ligaments of the kee

A
  • lateral collateral ligaments
  • medial collateral ligaments
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138
Q

other ligaments of the knee

A
  • patellar ligament
  • quadriceps tendon

***cannot see posteriorly

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139
Q

tendon vs. ligament

A

tendon: muscle to bone
ligament: bone to bone

140
Q

menisci of the knee

A

fibrocartilage which functions to
- reduce friction
- increase stability
- absorb shock

141
Q

medial meniscus

A
  • larger
  • fixed to MCL
  • oval
142
Q

lateral meniscus

A
  • smaller
  • mobile (not fixed to the LCL)
  • circular
143
Q

knee replacement

A

required joint resurfacing

144
Q

if there is force to the lateral knee what injury would occur?

A

tear in the medial collateral ligament fxd drt A

145
Q

anterior compartment of thigh

A
  • leg extensors
  • hip flexors
    1. psoas
    2. iliacus
    3. rectus femoris
    4. vastus lateralis
    5. vastus medialis
    6. sartorius
    7. vastus intermedius
146
Q

medial compartment of thigh

A
  • thigh adductors
  • medially rotate thigh
147
Q

posterior compartment of thigh

A
  • leg flexion
  • thigh extension
    1. biceps femoris
    2. semitendinosus
    3. semimembranosus
148
Q

fascia lata

A

separates the compartments
- TFL and gluteus maximus fuse with the fascia lata

149
Q

ORIGIN of psoas

A

transverse process and vertebral bodies of T12-L5

150
Q

ORIGIN of iliacus

A

iliac fossa

151
Q

INSERTION of iliopsoas

A

lesser trochanter of femur

152
Q

ACTION of iliopsoas

A
  1. flexes the thigh at hip joint
  2. lateral rotation of the thigh
153
Q

where does the psoas and iliacus become the iliopsoas?

A

the inguinal ligament

154
Q

ORIGIN of sartorius

155
Q

INSERTION of sartorius

A

medial surface of tibia

156
Q

ACTION of sartorius

A
  1. flexes thigh at hip joint
  2. flexes leg at knee joint
157
Q

ORIGIN of rectus femoris

158
Q

INSERTION of rectus femoris

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

159
Q

vastus muscles

A
  1. vastus lateralis
  2. vastus medialis
  3. vastus intermedius
159
Q

ACTION of rectus femoris

A
  1. flexes thigh at hip joint
  2. extends leg at knee joint
160
Q

ORIGIN of vastus lateralis

A

lateral intertrochanteric line of femur

161
Q

INSERTION of vastus lateralis

A

lateral patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

162
Q

ACTION of vastus lateralis

A

extend leg at knee joint

163
Q

ORIGIN of vastus medialis

A

medial intertrochanteric line of femur

164
Q

INSERTION of vastus medialis

A

medial patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

165
Q

ACTION of vastus medialis

A

extend leg at knee joint

166
Q

ORIGIN of vastus intermedius

A

upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral femur

167
Q

INSERTION of vastus intermedius

A
  1. quadriceps femoris tendon
  2. lateral patella
  3. lateral condyle of tibia
168
Q

ACTION of vastus intermedius

A

extend the leg at knee joint

169
Q

innervation of anterior compartment

A

femoral nerve

170
Q

ORIGIN of gracilis

A
  1. inferior pubic ramus
  2. ishchiac ramus
171
Q

INSERTION of gracilis

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

172
Q

ACTION of gracilis

A
  1. adduct thigh at hip joint
  2. flex the leg at knee joint
173
Q

ORIGIN of pectineus

A

pectineal line

174
Q

INSERTION of pectineus

A

pectineal line of femur

175
Q

ACTION of pectineus

A
  1. adduct thigh at hip joint
  2. flex thigh at hip joint
176
Q

ORIGIN of adductor longus

A

external surface pubis

177
Q

INSERTION of adductor longus

A

linea aspera on femur

178
Q

ACTION of adductor longus

A
  1. adducts thigh at hip joint
  2. medially rotate thigh at hip joint
179
Q

INNERVATION of gracilis

A

obturator nerve

180
Q

medial superficial compartment

A
  1. gracilis
  2. pectineus
  3. adductor longus
181
Q

INNERVATION of pectineus

A

femoral nerve

182
Q

INNERVATION of adductor longus

A

obturator nerve

183
Q

medial deep compartment

A
  1. adductor brevis
  2. adductor magnus
184
Q

ORIGIN of adductor brevis

A
  1. external surface pubis
  2. inferior pubic ramus
185
Q

INSERTION of adductor brevis

A
  1. posterior surface of femur
  2. upper 1/3 of linea aspera
186
Q

ACTION of adductor brevis

A
  1. adducts thigh at hip joint
  2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
187
Q

INNERVATION of adductor brevis

A

obturator nerve

188
Q

Adductor magnus

A

2 parts:
1. adductor part
2. hamstring part

189
Q

ORIGIN of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

ischiopubic ramus

190
Q

INSERTION of adductor part of adductor magnus

A
  1. posterior surface of proximal femur
  2. linea aspera
  3. medial supracondylar line
191
Q

ACTION of adductor part of adductor magnus

A
  1. adducts thigh at hip joint
  2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
192
Q

INNERVATION of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

obturator nerve

193
Q

ORIGIN of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

ischial tuberosity

194
Q

INSERTION of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

supracondylar line

195
Q

ACTION of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A
  1. adducts thigh at hip joint
  2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
196
Q

INNERVATION of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

sciatic nerve

197
Q

lateral border of femoral triangle

198
Q

superior border of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

199
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A
  • adductor longus
  • pectineus (deep)
200
Q

apex of femoral triangle

A

adductor canal

201
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A
  1. femoral nerve
  2. femoral artery
  3. femoral vein
  4. lymph nodes
202
Q

what do lymph nodes pass through

A

femoral canal and sheath

203
Q

hamstrings (posterior thigh)

A

3 muscles that cross 2 joints (hip & knee)

204
Q

ORIGIN of long head of biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberosity

205
Q

INSERTION of long head of biceps femoris

A
  1. lateral condyle of tibia
  2. head of fibula
206
Q

ACTION of long head of biceps femoris

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. medial rotation of tibia
  3. hip extension
207
Q

INNERVATION of long head of biceps femoris

A

sciatic nerve turned to tibial nerve

208
Q

ORIGIN of short head of biceps femoris

A

linea aspera

209
Q

INSERTION of short head of biceps femoris

A
  1. lateral condyle of tibia
  2. head of fibula
210
Q

ACTION of short head of biceps femoris

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. lateral rotation of tibia
211
Q

INNERVATION of short head of biceps femoris

A

sciatic nerve turned to common fibular nerve

212
Q

ORIGIN of semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity

213
Q

INSERTION of semitendinosus

A

proximal medial tibia

214
Q

ACTION of semitendinosus

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. medial rotation of tibia
  3. hip extension

***same as long head biceps

215
Q

INNERVATION of semitendinosus

A

sciatic nerve turned into tibial nerve

216
Q

ORIGIN of semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity

217
Q

INSERTION of semimembranosus

A

medial condyle of tibia

218
Q

ACTION of semimembranosus

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. medial rotation of tibia
  3. hip extension

***same as long head biceps femoris

219
Q

INNERVATION of semimembranosus

A

sciatic nerve turned into tibial nerve

220
Q

semitendinosus

A
  • long tendon
  • superficial and medial
221
Q

semimemranosus

A
  • wide and flat muscle belly
  • deep
222
Q

pes anserinus (goose’s foot)

A

combined tendons of 3 muscles inserting on the proximal medial tibia
1. sartorius (anterior)
2. gracilis (medial)
3. semitendinosus (posterior)

223
Q

popliteal fossa

A

the space located directly posterior to the knee joint

224
Q

superomedial border of popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

225
Q

superolateral border of popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris (long head)

226
Q

inferomedial border of popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius (medial head)

227
Q

inferolateral border of popliteal fossa

A
  1. gastrocnemius (lateral head)
  2. plantaris
  3. popliteus
228
Q

floor of popliteal fossa

A

posterior surfaces of femur and tibia

229
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A
  1. popliteal vein
  2. popliteal artery
  3. tibial nerve
  4. common fibular nerve
    ***sciatic branches into tibial and fibular nerve
  5. fascia lata
  6. deep popliteal lymph nodes
230
Q

blood supply of thigh and knee

A
  1. external iliac artery
  2. femoral artery
  3. deep femoral artery
  4. medial circumflex femoral artery
  5. lateral circumflex femoral artery
  6. popliteal artery
  7. medial superior/inferior genicular artery
  8. lateral superior/inferior genicular arteries
231
Q

venous drainage of thigh and knee

A
  1. medial superior/inferior genicular vein
  2. lateral superior/inferior genicular vein
  3. popliteal vein
  4. femoral vein
  5. great saphenous vein
  6. medial circumflex femoral vein
  7. lateral circumflex femoral vein
  8. deep femoral vein
  9. external iliac vein
232
Q

anterior leg

A

tibia:
1. condlyes
2. tibial tuberosity (medial)
3. soleal line
4. medial malleolus

fibula:
1. head of fibula
2. lateral malleolus

233
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • fibrous connective tissue
  • stabilizes the tibia and fibula along their vertical axis
  • separate the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg
234
Q

tarsals

A
  1. calcaneous
  2. talus
  3. navicular (hallux)
  4. cuboid (pinkie)
  5. cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
235
Q

talus

A

articulates with tibia (superior)

236
Q

metatarsals

A

numbered 1-5 medial to lateral (big toe to pinkie toe)

237
Q

phalanges

A
  1. proximal
  2. middle
  3. distal
238
Q

big toe

A

hallux
- only has proximal and distal phalanges

239
Q

sesamoid bones

A

2 round bones under big toe encased in flexor hallicus brevis tendon
- make movement more efficient
- medial and lateral sesamoid bones

240
Q

movements of the ankle

A
  1. dorsiflexion
  2. plantarflexion
  3. inversion
  4. eversion
241
Q

talocrural joint

A
  • synovial hinge joint
  • formed by articulation of tibia, fibula, and talus
  • mortise and tendon structure
242
Q

ACTION of talocrural joint

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. dorsiflexion
243
Q

subtalar joint

A
  • synovial plane joint
  • formed by articulation of talus and calcaneous
244
Q

ACTION of subtalar joint

A
  1. inversion
  2. eversion
245
Q

sustentaculum tali

A

ledge protruding medially from calcaneous where talus sits

246
Q

anterior leg compartment actions

A

extension/dorsiflexion

247
Q

posterior leg compartment actions

248
Q

anterior leg compartment

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallicus longus
  3. extensor digitorum longus
  4. peroneus tertius
249
Q

ORIGIN of tibialis anterior

A
  1. upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
  2. interosseous membrane
250
Q

INSERTION of tibialis anterior

A
  1. medial cuneiform
  2. base of 1st metatarsal
251
Q

ACTION of tibialis anterior

A
  1. dorsiflexion
  2. inversion
252
Q

tibialis anterior

A

runs along medial side on leg = invesrion
- supports the medial longitudinal arch

253
Q

ORIGIN of extensor hallicus longus

A
  1. middle 1/3 of medial surface of fibula
  2. interosseus membrane
254
Q

INSERTION of extensor hallicus longus

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

255
Q

ACTION of extensor hallicus longus

A
  1. dorsiflexion
  2. extension of hallux
256
Q

ORIGIN of extensor digitorum longus

A
  1. lateral tibial condyle
  2. head and medial surface of fibula
  3. interosseus membrane
257
Q

INSERTION of extensor digitorum longus

A

base of distal phalanx for digits 2-5

258
Q

ACTION of extensor digitorum longus

A
  1. dorsiflexion
  2. extension of digits 2-5
259
Q

peroneus tertius

A
  • most lateral
  • runs in front of the lateral malleolus = anterior
  • on fibula
260
Q

ORIGIN of peroneus tertius

A

anterior border of distal fibula

261
Q

INSERTION of peroneus tertius

A

base of 5th metatarsal

262
Q

ACTION of peroneus tertius

A
  1. dorsiflexion
  2. eversion
263
Q

extensor retinaculum

A

bands of connective tissue covering the extensor tendons on anterior surface of leg and ankle

264
Q

lateral compartment of leg

A
  1. peroneus longus
  2. peroneus brevis
265
Q

ORIGIN of peroneus longus

A

head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

266
Q

INSERTION of peroneus longus

A
  1. medial cuneiform
  2. base and of 1st metatarsal
267
Q

ACTION of peroneus longus

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. eversion
268
Q

peroneus longus

A

important for obtaining arch
- supports the transverse and lateral arch

269
Q

ORIGIN of peroneus brevis

A

distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula

270
Q

INSERTION of peroneus brevis

A

base of 5th metatarsal

271
Q

ACTION of peroneus brevis

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. eversion

***same function as peroneus longus

272
Q

posterior compartment of leg -superficial

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. plantaris
273
Q

triceps surae

A

gastrocnemius and soleus (3 heads)

274
Q

ORIGIN of gastrocnemius

A

medial and lateral epicondyle of femur

275
Q

INSERTION of gastrocnemius

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon (achilles)

276
Q

ACTION of gastrocnemius

A
  1. knee flexion (crosses knee joint)
  2. plantarflexion
277
Q

ORIGIN of soleus

A
  1. posterior surface of fibular head and neck
  2. soleal line of tibia
278
Q

INSERTION of soleus

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

279
Q

ACTION of soleus

A

plantarflexion

280
Q

soleus

A

has a larger muscle belly and is deep to gastrocnemius

281
Q

ORIGIN of plantaris

A

lateral epicondyle of femur

282
Q

INSERTION of plantaris

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

283
Q

ACTION of plantaris

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. plantarflexion (but not as much as other muscles)
284
Q

plantaris

A

originates in lateral femur
- small

285
Q

posterior compartment of leg - deep

A
  1. popliteus
  2. tibilais poterior
  3. flexor digitorum longus
  4. flexor hallicus longus
286
Q

ORIGIN of popliteus

A
  1. lateral femoral condyle
  2. lateral meniscus
287
Q

INSERTION of popliteus

A

posterior tibial surface

288
Q

ACTION of popliteus

A

“unlocks” and stabilizes knee joint

289
Q

popliteus

A

under medial and lateral heels of gastrocnemius

290
Q

tibialis posterior

A

smaller than anterior
- supports medial longitudinal arch (MAJOR SUPPORTER)

291
Q

ORIGIN of tibialis posterior

A
  1. interosseus membrane
  2. borders of tibia and fibula
292
Q

INSERTION of tibialis posterior

A
  1. navicular
  2. cunieforms
  3. base of 2-4th metatarsals
293
Q

ACTION of tibialis posterior

A
  1. platarflexion
  2. inversion
294
Q

ORIGIN of flexor digitorum longus

A

middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia

295
Q

INSERTION of flexor digitorum longus

A

base of 2-5th distal phalanges

296
Q

ACTION of flexor digitorum longus

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. inversion
  3. flexion of digits 2-5
297
Q

ORIGIN of flexor hallicus longus

A
  1. distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
  2. interosseous membrane
298
Q

INSERTION of flexor hallicus longus

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

299
Q

ACTION of flexor hallicus longus

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. inversion
  3. flexion of hallux
300
Q

flexor retinaculum

A
  • band of connective tissue covering the flexor tendons on the medial surface on ankle
  • from medial malleolus to calcaneous
301
Q

tarsal tunnel

A
  • only medial side
    includes:
    1. tibialis posterior
    2. flexor digitorum longus
    3. posterior tibial artery & vein
    4. tibial nerve
    5. flexor hallicus longus
302
Q

function of ankle, foot, and toes

A
  • absorb shock and impact as foot comes into contact with ground
  • to adjust to different terrains
  • become a rigid lever capable of propulsion
  • offer sensory information from ground
303
Q

bones of foots

A
  1. tarsals (7)
  2. metatarsals (5)
  3. phalanges (14)
304
Q

tarsals - proximal row

A
  1. talus
  2. calcaneus
305
Q

tarsals - intermediate row

A
  1. navicular
  2. cuboid
306
Q

tarsals - distal row

A
  1. medial cuneiform
  2. intermediate cuneiform
  3. lateral cuneiform
307
Q

hindfoot

A
  1. calcaneus
  2. talus
    - in contact with the ground
    ***ABSORPTION
308
Q

midfoot

A
  1. navicular
  2. cuboid
  3. cuneiforms
    - creation of arch
    ***ADAPTATION
309
Q

forefoot

A
  1. metatarsals
  2. phalanges
    - used for propulsion
    ***GENERATION
310
Q

medial ligaments

A
  1. deltoid ligament
311
Q

deltoid ligament

A
  • on medial aspect of foot
  • runs from medial malleolus to talus, calcaneous and navicular
  • resists EVERSION
312
Q

lateral ligaments

A
  1. anterior talofibular
  2. posterior talofibular
  3. calcaneofibular

***resists INVERSION in different angles

313
Q

anterior talofibular ligament

A
  • anterior aspect of lateral malleolus to anterior talus
  • most stretch in plantarflexion
314
Q

posterior talofibular ligament

A
  • posterior aspect of lateral malleolus to posterior talus
  • most stretch in dorsiflexion
315
Q

calcaneofibular ligament

A
  • inferior aspect of lateral malleolus to calcaneus
  • most stretch in neutral position
316
Q

arches of the foot

A
  1. medial longitudinal arch
  2. lateral longitudinal arch
  3. transverse arch (left to right)
317
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

formed by connection between:
1. calcaneus
2. talus
3. navicular
4. cuneiforms (3)
5. 1st-3rd metatarsal

318
Q

pes plantus

319
Q

pes canvus

320
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

formed by connection between:
1. calcaneus
2. cuboid
3. 4th-5th metatarsal

  • lower and more gradual than medial
321
Q

transverse arch

A

formed by connection between:
1. 3 cuneiforms
2. cuboid
3. metatarsals

***goes to phalanges

322
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A
  • tough fibrous sheath/band of tissue
  • runs from most anterior aspect of calcaneus to metatarsals
  • helps stabilize arches of the foor

***MOST SUPERFICIAL

323
Q

spring ligament

A

AKA. plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- supports medial longitudinal arch
- generation of force

324
Q

plantar ligaments

A
  1. long plantar ligament
  2. short plantar ligament
325
Q

long plantar ligament

A

calcaneus to base of 2-5 metatarsals

326
Q

short plantar ligament

A

calcaneus to cuboid
- supports all arches

327
Q

extrinsic muscles of foot

A

muscles from the leg compartments into the foot

328
Q

intrinsic muscles of foot

A

muscles entirely contained within the foot

329
Q

plantar surface muscles of foot

A

muscles on the sole of foot
1. peroneus longus
2. peroneus brevis
3. tibialis posterior
4. flexor digitorum longus
5. flexor hallicus longus

330
Q

dorsum surface muscle of foot

A

muscles on top of foot
1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor hallicus longus
3. extensor digitorum longus
4. extensor hallicus brevis
5. extensor digitorum brevis

331
Q

muscles with no arch support

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallicus brevis
  4. extensor digitorum brevis
332
Q

ORIGIN of extensor hallicus brevis

333
Q

INSERTION of extensor hallicus brevis

A

base of the1st phalanx

334
Q

ACTION of extensor hallicus brevis

A

extension of hallux

335
Q

ORIGIN of extensor digitorum brevis

336
Q

INSERTION of extensor digitorum brevis

A

base of the phalanx 2-4

337
Q

ACTION of extensor digitorum brevis

A

extension of toes 2-4

338
Q

extrinsic muscles on dorsum of foot

A
  1. extensor hallicus longus (EHL)
  2. extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
  3. tibialis anterior (TA)
339
Q

intrinsic muscles on dorsum of foot

A
  1. extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
  2. extensor hallicus brevis (EHB)
340
Q

peroneus brevis what arch support

A

supports lateral arch

341
Q

flexor digitorum longus arch support

A

supports the medial longitudinal arch

342
Q

flexor hallicus longus arch support

A

supports the medial longitudinal arch
- the only muscle that travels under the sustaneous tali

343
Q

what muscle group supports arches?

A

deep flexor group not superficial flexor group

344
Q

layer 1 intrinsic muscles

A
  1. flexor digitorum brevis
  2. abductor hallicus
  3. abductor digiti minimi
345
Q

layer 2 intrinsic muscles

A
  1. flexor hallicus longus tendon
  2. lumbricals
  3. flexor digitorum longus post tendon
  4. quadratus planate
346
Q

layer 3 intrinsic muscles

A
  1. adductor hallicus (oblique head)
  2. flexor hallicus brevis
  3. flexor digiti minimi
  4. adductor hallicus (tranvserse head)
347
Q

layer 4 intrinsic muscles

A

dorsal & plantar interossei

ANAT 315 (2 decks)

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