Final Exam Flashcards
What is an ECG?
the only diagnostic test that directly assesses the electrical conduction of the heart and can tell us what type of cardiac rhythm the pt is experiencing IN THAT MOMENT
What is the gold standard ECG?
a 12-lead ECG
What are the different types of ECG?
12-lead, bedside monitor, telemetry, and Holter monitoring
What are common conditions that alter myocardial morphology or conduction pathways?
MI– forms scar tissue that interferes with conduction
Myocardial remodeling– ie. dilation and hypertrophy (as seen in HF)
What are common acute conditions that alter the excitability of the myocardium?
-potassium or magnesium imbalances
-conditions that activate SNS (stress, stimulants)
-hypoxia
-acidosis
What diagnostic test shows changes in morphology and functioning of the myocardium?
echocardiogram
What diagnostic tests shows blood supply to the myocardium?
angiogram, myocardial perfusion imaging (MIBI)
What blood tests show metabolic imbalances for diagnosing the cause of dysrhythmia?
electrolyte imbalances (K+, Mg+), troponin
What is an echocardiogram?
an ultrasound of the heart that can be used to assess things such as ejection fraction, myocardial wall movement, and functioning of valves
What is a Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MIBI) test?
A test that evaluates blood flow to the heart at rest and under stress– uses a radiopharmaceutical tracer that is injected
What is the main contraindication of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MIBI)?
being pregnant or breastfeeding
What is the patient teaching for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MIBI)?
-no caffeine for 24 hours before the test
-remain fasting 4 hours before the test
What are the two tests for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging that occur over 2 days?
rest test (not moving) and stress test (walking)
What is the antidote for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging?
dipyridamole
What does DOAC stand for?
Direct Oral Anticoagulants
