Final Exam Flashcards
Feelings based approach pro/con
Emphasis on decreasing negatives and increasing positives
Difficult to understand and quantify emotions, not scientific
Animal choice/preference based approach pro/con
Good in theory, y gestation crates
How many choices do you offer
Nature of the species based approach pro/con
Want animals to behave in natural way
Who defines natural?, least scientific credibility, too many species
Freedoms based approach pro/con (1960)
Stand up
Lie down
Turn around
Groom
Stretch limbs out fully
Freedoms based approach pro/con (1992)
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedom to express normal behavior
Homeostasis based approach pro/con
Based on animals attempts and success at coping with their environment
Exists if successful coping with no biological cost to
-health, growth, food/fiber, reproduction (starve is most severe)
Go to approach for scientist because can measure animal’s response
i.e. loss of milk production due to animal stress
Prohand
A training program for stock people to teach animal handling and attitudes (change people behavior)
Has positive effects such as increase in production or growth rate
Autonomic nervous system response
Short-term, fast, acute
Benefit: fight or flight can save life
hand on hot surface
Neuro-endocrine response
Longer, sustained duration, slowly increase stress, chronic
Immune system responses
Multiple combinations of high/low
5 sources of animal stress
Environmental
Chemical
Biochemical
Physical
Psychological
1st party audit
Within company
2nd party audit
Supplier that purchases from company doing audit
3rd party audit
Blind, outside entity (UEP)
Self-regulation within the animal welfare industry
Retail driven in response to consumer concerns and pressure (McD’s)
Biggest and second biggest factor for passing an audit for chickens
- Housing and space allowance (has increased overtime)
- Food and water
______ ________ in the layer house must allow daily inspections of all birds
light intensity
_______ ______ must allow for continuous flow of fresh air for every bird
ventilation system (ammonia levels)
Animal care audits focus on what bird?
Egg laying chickens
Procedure for 3rd party audit
Clean clothes, vehicle
Meet person and explain audit
Disposable outerwear
Whole facility inspected with focus on animal welfare and care
______ made a landmark decisions by banning gestation crates
Florida
Beak trimming
Observe method, have to demonstrate they know how to do correctly at audit because can hurt bird
Molting
Can increase life span, can’t stop feeding to achieve but can reduce feed while still maintaining good BCS
Free range chickens
High exercise - good bones but higher mortality rates, dirtier eggs
Battery cage chickens
Low exercise - more bone breakage but lower death
Enrich cage chickens
Additional features from battery cages such as areas for nesting, scratching, perching and dust bathing
Farm program to evaluate dairy cows
Locomotion, hocks/knees sores, BCS, milking routine, space to lie down
Number of domesticated
We have only domesticated a few number of species
Animal machines (Ruth Harrison)
Coined the term factory farming to represent mass production
Precautionary principle
In Europe something might hurt the population they will ban it vs US there needs to be data showing it is harming population
Stereotypic behavior
Unnatural behavior seen in captivity such as bar biting
Aqua culture
Oxygen is major factor limiting production, people must be concerned about oxygen levels in the water and increase waste from the fish (N and P)
What is Premarin?
Uses pregnant mare urine as a source of estrogen for women in menopause
Foal is a waste product of industry
Fur farming
China holds market, two main issues are confinement and method of euthanasia
Pro fur - Fur Commission USA, International Fur Trade Federation
Anti fur - Ethical treatment of animals and Humane society of US
U.S. has Fur Labeling Act and Dog and Cat Fur Protection Act
US energy policy and how it is related to animal use
Ethanol plants where corn is favored raw material animals can consume corn by-product
Swine production gestation crate pro and con
Pro - individual animal attention, controlled feeding, reduced competition, controlled environment, economic and productivity improvements
Con - Inability to turn around, reduced social contact and interaction, stereotypic behaviors, chore-time free access stalls