Final Exam Flashcards
What are ancillary powers?
Ancillary powers are powers given to a person to enforce the doing of an act or thing.
What are police ancillary powers?
Police ancillary powers are powers given to police officers that authorize them to use force or conduct investigative actions.
What is the reasonable officer test?
Test determining what a reasonable officer in the same shoes as the attending office would believe assuming the have the same experience, knowledge, and observations
What are force options that police officers have?
Officer presence, communication, open hand control, compliance tools, and lethal force
What is an additional force option that police have?
tactical reposition i.e., disengaging
What are the five levels of resistance?
cooperative, passive resistance, active resistance, assaultive, and grievous bodily harm
Suspect factors in use of force?
behaviour, mental health, criminal history
What are officer factors in use of force?
experience, training, and physical attributes
What is de-escalation?
defined as the act of moving from a state of high tension to a state of reduce tension
What does the research say about body cams?
Strong public and police support, shows reduction in use of force and citizen complaints against officers
What are the additional benefits of body cams?
Evidentiary tool, improves quality of investigations specifically domestic violence cases, enhance police legitimacy by increasing procedural justice
What are suggestions for reducing police misconduct or deviance?
extensive pre-employment screening, continuous training, extensive oversight and accountability mechanisms, strong department policies and code of conduct, monitoring tools i.e., bodycams and dash cams
What are the steps in the recruit selection process?
Initial application, entrance exam, physical test, intake interview, background check, psych evaluation, panel interview, polygraph
What are essential competencies a recruit must have?
self-confidence, communication skills, adaptability, flexibility, diligence, dependability, common sense
What are developmental competencies of a police officer?
assertiveness, community-orientation, physicality
What is the primary goal of the background investigation?
To identify any red flags or area of concerns in the applicants history
What do studies say about having a mandatory university degree?
Higher academy grades, higher performance ratings, enhanced enforcement activity, fewer disciplinaries, decreased citizen complaints, reduced absences, reduction in use of force
What are barriers to attracting diverse candidates?
Racism, cultural barriers, public distrust, language barriers
Why is there a growing recognition for police training to evolve?
Operational environment of police is rapidly changing but training has failed to keep up, current training may not be preparing officers for what they are being asked to do
What are current concerns in police training?
lack of cultural awareness training and lack of training for dealing with mentally ill persons in crisis
What is the key objective of a Field Training Officer (FTO)?
- To enhance the skills and knowledge that a recruit gains at the academy that lessens the disconnect between the academy and the street
- Responsible for ensuring the recruit receives broad exposure to general police work and can apply the knowledge gained from the academy into an operational setting
- May reduce the recruit’s positive attitudes towards various aspects of policing
What are the four elements of procedural justice?
- Voice
- Neutrality
- Trustworthiness
- Respect
What is ethical leadership?
Demonstrating appropriate conduct and promoting ethical behaviour to followers through social learning
What are the effects of ethical leadership?
- Leader’s care is reciprocated with loyalty and trust
- Increased job satisfaction and psychological well-being
What are perverse incentives?
Circumstances where rewards or pressures within an organization inadvertently encourage unethical behaviour
What is police unionism?
- Advocation for the rights and interests of law enforcement officers
- Can bargain for disciplinary procedures, grievance processes, and benefits
What are 3 police union mechanisms?
- Collective bargaining: Bargaining for conditions of employment, disciplinary procedures, grievance processes, benefits, and working conditions
- Legislative lobbying: engaging in political activities to influence legislation, policy, and funding for police officers
- Courts and legal action: Unions offer legal representation and support for officers facing disciplinary actions
What are 3 police union impacts?
- Reduced disciplinary consequences: Can negotiate to create barriers in the investigatory and disciplinary process related to misconduct and use of force
- Undermined oversight: Negotiate contracts preventing the oversight of civilian review boards or by limiting the power of external entities
- Limited transparency: Protects officers who engage in continued misconduct and prevents the public from identifying these officers
