Final Exam

Question 1

What are ancillary powers?

Answer 1

Ancillary powers are powers given to a person to enforce the doing of an act or thing.

Question 2

What are police ancillary powers?

Answer 2

Police ancillary powers are powers given to police officers that authorize them to use force or conduct investigative actions.

Question 3

What is the reasonable officer test?

Answer 3

Test determining what a reasonable officer in the same shoes as the attending office would believe assuming the have the same experience, knowledge, and observations

Question 4

What are force options that police officers have?

Answer 4

Officer presence, communication, open hand control, compliance tools, and lethal force

Question 5

What is an additional force option that police have?

Answer 5

tactical reposition i.e., disengaging

Question 6

What are the five levels of resistance?

Answer 6

cooperative, passive resistance, active resistance, assaultive, and grievous bodily harm

Question 7

Suspect factors in use of force?

Answer 7

behaviour, mental health, criminal history

Question 8

What are officer factors in use of force?

Answer 8

experience, training, and physical attributes

Question 9

What is de-escalation?

Answer 9

defined as the act of moving from a state of high tension to a state of reduce tension

Question 10

What does the research say about body cams?

Answer 10

Strong public and police support, shows reduction in use of force and citizen complaints against officers

Question 11

What are the additional benefits of body cams?

Answer 11

Evidentiary tool, improves quality of investigations specifically domestic violence cases, enhance police legitimacy by increasing procedural justice

Question 12

What are suggestions for reducing police misconduct or deviance?

Answer 12

extensive pre-employment screening, continuous training, extensive oversight and accountability mechanisms, strong department policies and code of conduct, monitoring tools i.e., bodycams and dash cams

Question 13

What are the steps in the recruit selection process?

Answer 13

Initial application, entrance exam, physical test, intake interview, background check, psych evaluation, panel interview, polygraph

Question 14

What are essential competencies a recruit must have?

Answer 14

self-confidence, communication skills, adaptability, flexibility, diligence, dependability, common sense

Question 15

What are developmental competencies of a police officer?

Answer 15

assertiveness, community-orientation, physicality

Question 16

What is the primary goal of the background investigation?

Answer 16

To identify any red flags or area of concerns in the applicants history

Question 17

What do studies say about having a mandatory university degree?

Answer 17

Higher academy grades, higher performance ratings, enhanced enforcement activity, fewer disciplinaries, decreased citizen complaints, reduced absences, reduction in use of force

Question 18

What are barriers to attracting diverse candidates?

Answer 18

Racism, cultural barriers, public distrust, language barriers

Question 19

Why is there a growing recognition for police training to evolve?

Answer 19

Operational environment of police is rapidly changing but training has failed to keep up, current training may not be preparing officers for what they are being asked to do

Question 20

What are current concerns in police training?

Answer 20

lack of cultural awareness training and lack of training for dealing with mentally ill persons in crisis

Question 21

What is the key objective of a Field Training Officer (FTO)?

Answer 21

• To enhance the skills and knowledge that a recruit gains at the academy that lessens the disconnect between the academy and the street
• Responsible for ensuring the recruit receives broad exposure to general police work and can apply the knowledge gained from the academy into an operational setting
• May reduce the recruit’s positive attitudes towards various aspects of policing

Question 22

What are the four elements of procedural justice?

Answer 22

• Voice
• Neutrality
• Trustworthiness
• Respect

Question 23

What is ethical leadership?

Answer 23

Demonstrating appropriate conduct and promoting ethical behaviour to followers through social learning

Question 24

What are the effects of ethical leadership?

Answer 24

• Leader’s care is reciprocated with loyalty and trust
• Increased job satisfaction and psychological well-being

Question 25

What are perverse incentives?

Answer 25

Circumstances where rewards or pressures within an organization inadvertently encourage unethical behaviour

Question 26

What is police unionism?

Answer 26

• Advocation for the rights and interests of law enforcement officers
• Can bargain for disciplinary procedures, grievance processes, and benefits

Question 27

What are 3 police union mechanisms?

Answer 27

• Collective bargaining: Bargaining for conditions of employment, disciplinary procedures, grievance processes, benefits, and working conditions
• Legislative lobbying: engaging in political activities to influence legislation, policy, and funding for police officers
• Courts and legal action: Unions offer legal representation and support for officers facing disciplinary actions

Question 28

What are 3 police union impacts?

Answer 28

• Reduced disciplinary consequences: Can negotiate to create barriers in the investigatory and disciplinary process related to misconduct and use of force
• Undermined oversight: Negotiate contracts preventing the oversight of civilian review boards or by limiting the power of external entities
• Limited transparency: Protects officers who engage in continued misconduct and prevents the public from identifying these officers