FInal Exam Flashcards
Number of fused vertebral segments in the Sacrum
5 +/- 1
Shape of vertebral body of S1.
What two things of importantce.
Reniform in superior view
Disticnt superior epiphyseal rim and spongy bone center.
Pedicle of S1
short, posterior and little lateral deviation
superior vertebral notch from superior edge
laterally continues with transverse process
Vertebral foramen shape of sacrum
Triangle and forms beginning of sacral canal
Name for highly modified transverse process
where are its costal and true parts?
Sacral ala
Costal forms anterior two thirds of ala
True transverse forms posterior one-third of ala
Superior articular process of S1 describe the facet.
Are mamillary process variably present?
Back, Up, Medial. BUM and concave
Yes
Where is the base spinous tubercle found?
at the union of the right and left lamina
What separates the bodies of S1-S5 on the anterior sacrum?
Transverse ridges
Name for the exits for the ventral primary rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves.
Anterior (ventral or pelvic) Sacral Foramina
Where is the costal element visible from for the lateral sacral mass of the sacrum? True transverse?
costal element S1-S3 visible
true transverse visible at S4 and S5
What is the name for the anterior protrusion of the superior epiphysieal rim and upper vertebral body of S1?
Sacral promontory
Name for the exit for the dorsal primary rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves
Dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina
Longitudinal crests name them
Median, intermediate, and lateral sacral crests
Which longitudinal crest is located midsagittally and is formed by fused sacral spinous processes/tubercles of S1-S4?
Median Sacral Crest
Which longitudinal crest is located just lateral to the median sacral crest, formed by fused articular processes of S1-5?
Intermediate sacral crest
What is the name for the termination of the intermediate sacral crest? It is formed from the modified inferior articular process of S5.
Sacral cornu of S5
What is the name of the opening found between the right and left sacral cornuae?
Sacral Hiatus.
Which longitudinal crest is located lateral to the dorsal sacral foramina? It is formed from the fused transverse tubercles of S1-S5
Lateral sacral crest
WHere does the lateral sacral crest begin and end?
Sacral tubercle (transverse tubercle S1) and tuberosity (transverse tubercle S2)
ends at inferior lateral sacral angle
Describe the auricular surface of lateral surface of sacrum
How much does it cover?
Enterily within costal or true protion of bone?
articular surface for synovial joint with auricular surface of ilium
Covers most of lateral surface of S1-S3
Contained entirely within the costal element
Where is the costal element visible on the lateral surface of sacrum?>
Triangluar area covering anterior-lateral surface of S1-S3
Tapers to an end inferior to auricular surface
Where is the true transverse process visible for lateral sacrum
posterior to the costal element, extending S1-S5
Name for the inferior portion of the vertebral body and inferior epiphyseal rim of S5
Apex
Name for extension from vertebral foramen of S1 to sacral hiatus at S5
Sacral canal
How many fused rudimentary vertebral segments are there in the coccyx?
3-5
Describe Co1
superior and inferior surfaces may resemble epiohyseal rims
transverse processes small and rudimentary
Coccygeal cornu project superiorly, formed from rudimentary superior articular process
Describe Co2-5
made up of only rudimentary vertebral bodies.
How many rib pairs do we have?
12 +/- 1
What makes up the thoracic cage and what are its functions?
Ribs, costal cartilages, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
functions in protection and support, assists with respiration
Describe True, False, and Floating ribs
True: pairs 1-7 direct attachment to sternum
False: 8-12 no direct attachment to sternum
Floating: 11 and 12 no attachment to sternum
Which are the typical ribs and what are the four regions they can be divided into?
Pairs 3-9. Head, neck, tubercle, body
