final exam Flashcards
Boyle’s law
- P x V = a constant
- the volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature is INVERSELY proportional to the pressure
Charles’ law
- V = constant x T
- the volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure is directly PROPORTIONAL to its absolute temperature (K)
Avogadro’s law
- V = constant x n
- the volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas
which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between all molecules?
London dispersion forces
which type of intermolecular attractive force operates only between polar molecules?
dipole-dipole forces
which type of intermolecular attractive force operates only between the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and a nearby small electronegative atom?
hydrogen bonding
which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions?
intramolecular interactions, attractions that hold compounds together are stronger than those that hold molecules
which of these kinds of interactions are broken when a liquid is converted to gas?
intermolecular interactions
what atoms must H be bonded with in order to participate in hydrogen bonding with like molecules?
N, O, F
why does a closed balloon filled with helium gas rise in the air?
helium atoms are of lower mass than the average air molecule, the helium gas is less dense than air. the balloon thus weighs less than the air
examples of crystalline solids
diamond, quatrz, sodium chrloide
examples of amorphous solids
glass, rubber, obsidian
what are crystalline solids?
have a regular repeating pattern of atoms, often forming shapes like cubes
what are amorphous solids?
have a distinct lack of order in arrangement of atoms, usually not forming highly regular shapes
what are metallic solids?
- are held together by a “sea” of collectively shared electrons
- conduct electricity
