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Bio exam 3 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hereditary material that stores information required to make all of the proteins required for a cell

A

DNA

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2
Q

Made of DNA in its condensed form, contains part of the DNA code for a cell

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Carries specific set of instructions, sequence of DNA that contains information about traits, codes for specific proteins

A

Gene

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4
Q

Changes in DNA sequences

A

Mutation

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5
Q

DNA is like a what?

A

Book

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6
Q

Chromosomes are like a what

A

Chapter of the book

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7
Q

Genes are like a what

A

Paragraph from the chapter

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8
Q

Mutations are like a what?

A

A misspelled word or typo

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9
Q

All of your DNA chromosomes

A

Kayotype

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10
Q

No nucleus, cell divisions is simple, hereditary information are enclosed in a single circle of DNA, with a two step process where DNA copies and cells splits by binary fission

A

Prokaryotes

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11
Q

Has a nucleus, cell division is complex, DNA is contained in chromosomes, a single long DNA molecule packaged with proteins into a compact shape, Involves mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

Which of the following is a sequence of DNA codes for proteins and contains information about genetic traits

A

Gene

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13
Q

Which type of cell undergoes meiosis

A

Reproductive cells

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14
Q

A cell that contains 24 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes are in each cell at the end of mitosis

A

Diploid number, 24

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15
Q

What types of cells does cell division affect in mitosis

A

Nonreproductive cells, body cells or somatic cells

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16
Q

What is associated with sexual reproduction for growth and repair

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

How many chromosomes occure after mitosis in humans

A

46

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18
Q

Mitosis produces what type of cells

A

Diploid

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19
Q

Sexual reproduction correlates with what?

A

Mitosis

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20
Q

What produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

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21
Q

Gametes are what

A

Sperm and ova/eggs

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22
Q

What is known as sex cells

A

Gametes

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23
Q

How many chromosomes occur after meiosis in humans?

A

23

24
Q

Meiosis produces what type of cells

A

Haploid

25
Q

In mitosis, one cell splits into how many and what type of cells

A

2 identical cells

26
Q

In Meiosis, one cell splits into how many and what type of cells

A

4 non identical cells

27
Q

Explain the complex cell cycle

A

Interphase, G1 phase, S Phase, G2, Phase, and M phase

28
Q

Cells primary growth phase and greatest portion of a cell’s life span is what phase

A

G1 Phase

29
Q

DNA replicates producing two copies of each chromosomes is what phase

A

S Phase

30
Q

More growth, replication of mitochondria and other organelles, synthesis of microtubules is what phase

A

G2 Phase

31
Q

Mitosis and Cytokinesis are apart of which phase

A

M Phase

32
Q

what are the phases of mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, and telephase

33
Q

division of nucleus

A

Mitosis

34
Q

Cytoplasm divides creating two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

35
Q

What does the G1 phase check

A

Is the cell large enough and adequate environmental conditions

36
Q

What does the G2 phase check for

A

DNA replicated correctly

37
Q

What does the M Phase check for

A

Chromosomes aligned and attached to spindle fibers

38
Q

What is known as the “before cancer gene”

A

Proto-oncogene

39
Q

What is known as the “Cancer gene”

A

Oncogene

40
Q

What always stimulates division whether conditions are good or not

A

Oncogene

41
Q

Suppresses cell division when conditions are not right, repairs DNA mistake, or tells cell when to die

A

Tumor suppressor

42
Q

Can detect and repair DNA damage

A

Tumor suppressor

43
Q

what never stops cell division, allowing tumors to keep growing; can override checkpoint

A

Mutated tumor suppressor

44
Q

Grow, divide, die in orderly way, rapid growth to adulthood, Cells divides only to replace worn-out or dying cells and to repair injuries

A

Normal cells

45
Q

crow in uncontrolled and invasive way, involves a gene disorder that fails to control cell division, unrestrained growth and division, cell cycle never stops, cancer cells continue to grow and form new abnormal cells

A

Cancer cells

46
Q

Benign , malignant, and metastasis are all types of what

A

Tumors

47
Q

what type of tumors are encapsulated and noninvasive

A

Benign

48
Q

What type of tumors are not encapsulated, invasive

A

Malignant tumor

49
Q

when cancer cells enter the blood steam or lymph vessels and spread to other organs, retain their original characteristics

A

Metastasis

50
Q

for cancers to develop there must be what

A

Mutated tumor suppressor, mutated proto-oncogene, or other mutations

51
Q

from epithelial tissue, the most common

A

Carinomas

52
Q

From connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

53
Q

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes

A

Lymphoma

54
Q

From tissue that make blood, cells circulate through other tissue where they grow, Don’t form tumors as in most other forms of cancer

A

Leukemia

55
Q

Anything that increases a person’s chance of getting the disease

A

Risk factor

56
Q

What is the average risk of developing cancer in men in the U.S.

A

40.1%

57
Q

What is the average risk of developing cancer in women in the U.S.

A

38.7%

Bio exam 3 (2 decks)

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