Final exam Flashcards
Beneficial Cargo Owner (BCO)
- Person or legal entity that
owns or has title to the freight being transported. - BCOs may
use third parties such as IMCs to negotiate transportation
services and rates on their behalf
Chasis
rectangular trailer with twist-locks that provides framework on which a shipping container is attached for
road transport.
owned by leasing companies, motor carriers, steamship lines, etc
Gate Cut Time
the latest time a container may be delivered to a terminal for loading to a scheduled barge, vessel, train, or truck.
Distribution Center
A specialized facility where goods
are loaded, unloaded, processed and redistributed to retailers,
wholesalers or consumers
Intermodal Marketing Company (IMC)
logistics providers that purchase capacity directly from the railroads and trucking companies to offer door to door solutions.
Interior Point Intermodal
The import traffic movement from an origin port to an inland point on an ocean bill of
lading
Over the road (OTR)
The movement of freight for long
distances by truck.
Precision scheduled railroading
operational method of running a railroad for maximum asset utilization
freight movements are scheduled and managed on the individual carload (rather than entire train level)
Steamship Agent
local representative who acts as a
liaison among ship owners, local port authorities, terminals
and supply/service companies.
agent handles all details
for getting the ship into port, having it unloaded and loaded,
inspected, etc .
Stevedore
An individual or firm employing longshoremen for
the purpose of loading and unloading a vessel
20 foot equivalent units (TEU)
the standard measure of container capacity on a ship.
Determines how many 20-foot-long containers can fit on particular container ships.
Major geographic, infrastructure bottlenecks in global ocean shipping
Panama Canal fees: variable fees based on # of containers
Suez Canal ?
Critical factors that contributed to increase in globalization of supply chains over the past 30 yrs
- Wage differences
- capacity concentration
- containerized shipping
competitive trade offs of PSR
Service Plan focuses on all departments (not just transportation)
Management by exception; knows what to expect
Value leadership/ initiative; reduces beaucracy
Whole operation optimized; avoids local optimizations / unintended penalties
Operating ratio in railroading
Operating expenses/ operating revenues
transloading
The process of transferring goods from one transport mode to another by the consolidation of multiple ocean containers into larger domestic containers.
Key decision criteria for distribution expansion of SnugSocks
Expanded to a larger warehouse in LA for bigger capacity
expanded online via webnet for more sales with cut costs
expanded with vendors (NJ, SAV, CHI) to maintain company image
Challenges of the trucking industry including driver shortage and turn times at ports
Lots of driver turnover
2021 shortage=80,000 with 2028 shortage expected to be 160,000
higher quality of life issues
(harsh work conditions, low pay, etc)
Compare and contrast SACP 2.0 vs. 3.0
2.0-
contributors/providers: DCLI, TRAC,Flexi, NACPC
management: CCM oversight
equipment: average 18 years
3.0-
contributors/ providers: CCM (as EP)
management: ccm full service
equipment: newly refurbished
carrier vs merchant haulage contracts
Carrier haulage-shipping company takes care of the transport of container
merchant haulage- the movement of the container by the consignee via specified haulage contractor.
Liner versus tramp service pros and cons
Liner Service:
Pros-follows a fixed port rotation and schedule as well as the destination
Has published dates/calls at advised ports
Cons- Force majeure (uncontrollable circumstances)
Lack of cargo to load/unload
Tramp Service:
Pros-does not have a fixed schedule or route for ships
Cons- usually much slower, unstable, unorganized
Historically highest four (in order) container throughput seaports in the U.S.
- Port of LA, California
- Port of Long Beach, California
- Port of New York and New Jersey
- Port of Savannah, Georgia
Factors that sway which U.S. seaports to import/export cargo through
stability of labor market
drayer shortage
distribution of network (inland connections)
Expansion projects for the Port of Savannah 2023-2027
Renovation of Berth 1 (expands capacity by 1M TEUs)
Conversion of Ocean Terminals ( use to be breakbulk, but soon to be fully containerized)
Mason Mega rail
Garden City Terminal
Ways companies can be less reliant on globalized supply chains
Nearshoring
reshoring
regionalization
