Exam 1 Flashcards
OTR
“over the road” movement of goods using trucks or tractor trailer rigs.
inland point intermodal (IPI)
inbound freight moves from a port to a shipper’s door within the interior of the country via a domestic or international intermodal container.
Gate Cut Time
if you want your container to be on the outbound train, the driver needs to check-in at the intermodal facility’s gate before the cut off time
Beneficial Cargo Owner (BCO)
the party that ultimately owns the product being shipped.
Twenty Foot Equivalent Units (TEU)
a standard intermodal freight container for transporting goods and materials by sea, land and air
easily fits onto vessels, trucks, and carriers
Steamship Line
a line responsible for the operation of a fleet of steamships.
Stevedore
the act of loading or offloading cargo to and/or from a ship.
Chassis
a special trailer or undercarriage used to transport ocean containers over the road
wharfage
the fee charged by ocean carriers to cover the port authority’s cost of using a wharf to unload cargo from a vessel.
Intermodal
involving two or more different modes of transportation in conveying goods.
Demand factors of the 2021 supply chain crisis
Goods vs services, stimulus inflation, forward buying
Supply factors of the 2021 supply chain crises
shortages of:
1. components
2. manufacturing labor
3. Equipment
4. truck drivers
5. rail capacity
6. Warehouses
Both factors of the SC crises lead to
less responsive ad inefficient supply chains
Types of Cargo/ships
Roro
GA Ports
Golden Ray
Bulk
Breakbulk
Gearless/ Geared
Containers
Container Vessel (Boxship)
Roro (roll on, roll off)
Vessels that are used to carry wheeled cargo
Vehicles are loaded and unloaded by means of built in ramps
Ocean transport vessels are Pure car carriers (PCC) and Pure Truck & Car characters (PCTC)
GA Ports
Colonel Island Terminal in Brunswick
Dedicated Ro/Ro facility
3 berths- key distribution point for Kia and Hyundai
Golden Ray
Sept 8, 2019 capsized in St. Simons Sound
Last giant piece of wreck removed Oct 2021.
Bulk
dry cargoes such as Iron Ore, Grain, Coal, Alumina and Phosphate are carried in loose form; loads directly into ship holds
ship types: bulk carriers, ore carriers(Bulkers)
Breakbulk
cargoes are carried in utilized form such as palletized, bagged, etc
ship types: Breakbulk, multipurpose, or general cargo vessels.
_______ does not have own loading equipment while ____ does has its own
gearless, geared
Containers
Process of sending cargo in special containers (containerization)
Iso international sizes- 20’,40’ and 45’
Container Vessel (Boxship)
structured specifically to hold huge quantities of cargo compacted in different types of containers
feedership
size of approx. 1500 TEU
short routes among coasts
Mothership
sizes of 4000-20,000+ TEU
On international trade routes.
Types of Ocean shipping services
Liner Service
Blank Sailing
Tramp Services
Liner Service
operates on a schedule with a fixed port rotation
fixed frequently with published dates of calls at advised ports
Blank Sailing (Void Sailing)
Line service cancels a call or skips a port or entire leg on a scheduled route.
force majure (uncontrollable circumstances)
lack of cargo, delays, etc
Tramp Services
Ships that follow no fixed schedule or route
compared with liner services, they are usually much slower, unstable and unorganized
Crucial global infrastructure for ocean freight transportation
panama canal and suez canal
How Covid 19 disruptions shifted supply chain strategies contributing to 2021 supply chain crisis
global supply chains and shipments slowed, causing worldwide shortages and affecting consumer patterns.
Top container seaports in the U.S. by size and location
LA
2) LB
3) NY/NJ
4) Savannah
Factors that influence order quantity decisions
Variation in demand and reliability
what we expect to happen (mean)
The higher the service level, the higher the safety stock required
Critical factors contributing to globalized SCs over the past 30 years
Containerized cargo, wage difference, and capacity concentration
5 corner strategy of shippers and implications for locations of DCs
The distribution of shippers to five key areas across the U.S. including (NWSA, LA-LB, Huston, Savannah-Charleston, Norfolk and NY/NJ)
Types of haulage in drayage sector
Merchant haulage and Carrier haulage
Scale and factors affecting the expected shortage of drivers during 2022-2028
Poor wages, poor benefits, lack of respect, retirement, etc
% change given cargo volumes over time
New-old/old
Sailing days saved using shorter vs longer ocean routes
The hours saved = hours to complete the long route minus the hours to complete the route. (time savings for hours to days = hours/24)
TEU volumes unloaded/loaded given # of containers
a vessel unloads 150 containers of 40’ size and 50 containers of 20” size, how many TEU were unloaded? Ans: (150 x 2 = 300) + (50 x 1 = 50) = 350
Number of trips/loads a drayman can make given various time factors per load
given 11 hours of driving during work days
Transloading
2x20’ = 1x40’ and 3x40’ = 2x53’
operating ratio
expenses/revenue
strategies companies can implement to be less reliant on globalized supply chains
Regionalization
Nearshoring
Reshoring
Regionalization
sets up factories in multiple parts in the world so that operations in each region are able to supply products to the closest markets; minimizes risk
Nearshoring
the practice of pulling production that have been moved far away back to a country where the products are closer distributed and sold.
Reshoring
a company that previously moved manufacturing overseas moves it back to the country of its origin.
