Exam 1

Question 1

OTR

Answer 1

“over the road” movement of goods using trucks or tractor trailer rigs.

Question 2

inland point intermodal (IPI)

Answer 2

inbound freight moves from a port to a shipper’s door within the interior of the country via a domestic or international intermodal container.

Question 3

Gate Cut Time

Answer 3

if you want your container to be on the outbound train, the driver needs to check-in at the intermodal facility’s gate before the cut off time

Question 4

Beneficial Cargo Owner (BCO)

Answer 4

the party that ultimately owns the product being shipped.

Question 5

Twenty Foot Equivalent Units (TEU)

Answer 5

a standard intermodal freight container for transporting goods and materials by sea, land and air

easily fits onto vessels, trucks, and carriers

Question 6

Steamship Line

Answer 6

a line responsible for the operation of a fleet of steamships.

Question 7

Stevedore

Answer 7

the act of loading or offloading cargo to and/or from a ship.

Question 8

Chassis

Answer 8

a special trailer or undercarriage used to transport ocean containers over the road

Question 9

wharfage

Answer 9

the fee charged by ocean carriers to cover the port authority’s cost of using a wharf to unload cargo from a vessel.

Question 10

Intermodal

Answer 10

involving two or more different modes of transportation in conveying goods.

Question 11

Demand factors of the 2021 supply chain crisis

Answer 11

Goods vs services, stimulus inflation, forward buying

Question 12

Supply factors of the 2021 supply chain crises

Answer 12

shortages of:
1. components
2. manufacturing labor
3. Equipment
4. truck drivers
5. rail capacity
6. Warehouses

Question 13

Both factors of the SC crises lead to

Answer 13

less responsive ad inefficient supply chains

Question 14

Types of Cargo/ships

Answer 14

Roro
GA Ports
Golden Ray
Bulk
Breakbulk
Gearless/ Geared
Containers
Container Vessel (Boxship)

Question 15

Roro (roll on, roll off)

Answer 15

Vessels that are used to carry wheeled cargo

Vehicles are loaded and unloaded by means of built in ramps

Ocean transport vessels are Pure car carriers (PCC) and Pure Truck & Car characters (PCTC)

Question 16

GA Ports

Answer 16

Colonel Island Terminal in Brunswick

Dedicated Ro/Ro facility

3 berths- key distribution point for Kia and Hyundai

Question 17

Golden Ray

Answer 17

Sept 8, 2019 capsized in St. Simons Sound

Last giant piece of wreck removed Oct 2021.

Question 18

Bulk

Answer 18

dry cargoes such as Iron Ore, Grain, Coal, Alumina and Phosphate are carried in loose form; loads directly into ship holds

ship types: bulk carriers, ore carriers(Bulkers)

Question 19

Breakbulk

Answer 19

cargoes are carried in utilized form such as palletized, bagged, etc

ship types: Breakbulk, multipurpose, or general cargo vessels.

Question 20

_______ does not have own loading equipment while ____ does has its own

Answer 20

gearless, geared

Question 21

Containers

Answer 21

Process of sending cargo in special containers (containerization)

Iso international sizes- 20’,40’ and 45’

Question 22

Container Vessel (Boxship)

Answer 22

structured specifically to hold huge quantities of cargo compacted in different types of containers

Question 23

feedership

Answer 23

size of approx. 1500 TEU
short routes among coasts

Question 24

Mothership

Answer 24

sizes of 4000-20,000+ TEU
On international trade routes.

Question 25

Types of Ocean shipping services

Answer 25

Liner Service
Blank Sailing
Tramp Services

Question 26

Liner Service

Answer 26

operates on a schedule with a fixed port rotation

fixed frequently with published dates of calls at advised ports

Question 27

Blank Sailing (Void Sailing)

Answer 27

Line service cancels a call or skips a port or entire leg on a scheduled route.

force majure (uncontrollable circumstances)

lack of cargo, delays, etc

Question 28

Tramp Services

Answer 28

Ships that follow no fixed schedule or route

compared with liner services, they are usually much slower, unstable and unorganized

Question 29

Crucial global infrastructure for ocean freight transportation

Answer 29

panama canal and suez canal

Question 30

How Covid 19 disruptions shifted supply chain strategies contributing to 2021 supply chain crisis

Answer 30

global supply chains and shipments slowed, causing worldwide shortages and affecting consumer patterns.

Question 31

Top container seaports in the U.S. by size and location

Answer 31

LA
2) LB
3) NY/NJ
4) Savannah

Question 32

Factors that influence order quantity decisions

Answer 32

Variation in demand and reliability

what we expect to happen (mean)

The higher the service level, the higher the safety stock required

Question 33

Critical factors contributing to globalized SCs over the past 30 years

Answer 33

Containerized cargo, wage difference, and capacity concentration

Question 34

5 corner strategy of shippers and implications for locations of DCs

Answer 34

The distribution of shippers to five key areas across the U.S. including (NWSA, LA-LB, Huston, Savannah-Charleston, Norfolk and NY/NJ)

Question 35

Types of haulage in drayage sector

Answer 35

Merchant haulage and Carrier haulage

Question 36

Scale and factors affecting the expected shortage of drivers during 2022-2028

Answer 36

Poor wages, poor benefits, lack of respect, retirement, etc

Question 37

% change given cargo volumes over time

Answer 37

New-old/old

Question 38

Sailing days saved using shorter vs longer ocean routes

Answer 38

The hours saved = hours to complete the long route minus the hours to complete the route. (time savings for hours to days = hours/24)

Question 39

TEU volumes unloaded/loaded given # of containers

Answer 39

a vessel unloads 150 containers of 40’ size and 50 containers of 20” size, how many TEU were unloaded? Ans: (150 x 2 = 300) + (50 x 1 = 50) = 350

Question 40

Number of trips/loads a drayman can make given various time factors per load

Answer 40

given 11 hours of driving during work days

Question 41

Transloading

Answer 41

2x20’ = 1x40’ and 3x40’ = 2x53’

Question 42

operating ratio

Answer 42

expenses/revenue

Question 43

strategies companies can implement to be less reliant on globalized supply chains

Answer 43

Regionalization
Nearshoring
Reshoring

Question 44

Regionalization

Answer 44

sets up factories in multiple parts in the world so that operations in each region are able to supply products to the closest markets; minimizes risk

Question 45

Nearshoring

Answer 45

the practice of pulling production that have been moved far away back to a country where the products are closer distributed and sold.

Question 46

Reshoring

Answer 46

a company that previously moved manufacturing overseas moves it back to the country of its origin.