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Adult Language Disorders > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of TBI

A

A distruption in the normal function caused by a nonpenetrating blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury

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2
Q

Age Groups at Highest Risk for TBI

A

Children ages 0-4 and 15-19

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3
Q

Penetrating vs Nonpenetrating head injury

A

Penetrating= a wound in which an object breaches the cranium but does not exit it
nonpenetrating= closed head injury, the skull and dura mater remain intact

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4
Q

Damage that happens as a result of TBI Medically

A
  1. brusing and laceration of the brain
  2. secondary edema - swelling
  3. infection
  4. hypoxia- deprivation of oxygen
  5. intracranial pressure
  6. infarction - death of tissue deprived of blood supplu
  7. hematoma- focal bleeding
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5
Q

Cognitive Deficits of a TBI

A

Attention
Memory
executive functioning
Orientation
thought organization
reasoning and problem solving

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6
Q

Types of attention

A

joint, sustained, divided, alternating, selective

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7
Q

Types of memory

A

short term, long term, immediate, delayed, working, procedural

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8
Q

executive functioning

A

Involves the initiation, organization, and integration of information related to planning, problem-solving, and reasoning

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9
Q

Hemisensory Impairment

A

loss of ability to perceive sensory information on one side of the body

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10
Q

Hemiparesis

A

muscle weakness on one side of the body

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11
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

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12
Q

Language areas that are affected with a TBI

A

Amonia, Impaired comprehension, pragmatics

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13
Q

Amonia

A

word finding difficulties

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14
Q

Pragmatics

A

the most distrubed language area and that with the most pervasive problems
Results from the inability to inhibit behavior and from errors of judgement

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15
Q

How are Pragmatic Deficits Identified?

A

through informal observation during conversational exchanges and reciprocal play

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16
Q

Orientation

A

time and space

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17
Q

Thought Organization

A

being able to organize thoughts, staying on topic, get wants and needs out

18
Q

Psychological Deficits of TBI

A
  1. aggression/withdrawal
  2. apathy and indifference
  3. denial
  4. depression
  5. disinhibition and impulsivity
  6. impatient
  7. phobias
  8. socially inappropriate behavior and comments
  9. suspiciousness and anxiety
19
Q

SLP’s role in interdisciplinary Team When assessing TBI

A

SLP assesses all aspects of communication, cognitive-communicative functioning and swallowing

20
Q

Dynamic Assessment

A

Informal assessments are essential in determining which areas to probe.
An evaluation method used to identify an individual skill as well as their learning potential.
Ongoing Assessment.

21
Q

Intervention Approaches for TBI

A

Cognitive Rehabilitation
RCA
Restorative approach
compensatory appraoch
adaptive approach

22
Q

Cognitive rehabilitation for TBI

A

Involves increasing the individual’s ability to process incoming information in order to increase their functional independence

23
Q

RCA

A

acrocym for restore, compensate and adapt

24
Q

Restorative Approach

A

attempts to rebuild neural circuitry and function through repetitive activitives

25
Q

Compensatory Approach

A

Cenceding that some functions will not be recovered and we develop alternatives

26
Q

Adaptive approach

A

relates to modifying an individual’s environment to increase safety

27
Q

3 stages of TBI Intervention

A

Early
Middle
Last stage treatments

28
Q

Early State of TBI Intervention

A

focuses on orientation, sensorimotor stimulation, and recognition of familiar people and common objects and events.

29
Q

Middle Stage of TBI Intervention

A

More structured and formal.
Goals are developed to reduce confusion, improve memory and increase goal-directed behavior.
Focus is directed towards increasing client’s orientation to everyday activities.
Receptive language is addressed, with primary focus on listening skills, auditory comprehension, and following directions.
Also focuses on increasing client’s ability to sue descriptive statement to describe

30
Q

Late Stages of TBI Intervention

A

Goals relate to achieving functional independence.
SLP presents complex info to improve comprehension, ability to follow directions and engage in in-depth convo using appropriate social skills.
Alternative strategies are developed.
Conversational problem-solving tasks are targeted.

31
Q

Dementia Definition

A

Umbrella term for a group of both pathological conditions and syndromes that result in declining of memory and at least one other cognitive ability that is significant enough to interfere with daily life activities

32
Q

Causes of Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, degenerative diseases

33
Q

Cognitive Impairments of Dementia

A

Memory impairments= short term, immediate are very affected
Poor reasoning and judgement skills
impaired abstract thinking- lots of choices, not happening in real time, thinking ahead
Inability to attend to relevant information
impaired communication- trouble expressing
personality changes- can become more aggressive, irritable, can fluctuate during disease process

34
Q

Cortical Dementia

A

Alheimer’s and Picks diseases, resemble those of of focal impairments such as aphasia and RHBD.
Deficits are…
visuospatial deficits
memory problems
judgements and abstract thinking disturbances
language deficits (naming, reading, writing, and auditory comprehension)

35
Q

Subcortical Dementia

A

Patients experience a slow deterioration of cognitive functioning with deficits noted in memory impairments, problem-solving difficulty, receptive and expressive language impairment, poor neuromuscular control

36
Q

Part of Brain most damaged with Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Hippocampus and temporal area

37
Q

Assessment Techniques for Alzheimer’s

A
  1. Neuroimaging Techniques: determines loss of function in the temporal lobe
  2. Pupil dilation: can be an indicator of the presence of disease in early stages
  3. computerized assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (CAMCI)
  4. Medical history and behavioral observations: collecting family history, neurological health, communication in different environments
  5. writing assessment: difficulty writing a letter is one of the earliest affect areas of linguistic performance
38
Q

Cognitive Rehabiliation for Dementia

A

SLP, Client, health professionals, and families develop individualized goals and implement strategies based on those goals EX: utilizing recall strategies to remember family member’s names

39
Q

Cognitive Training for Dementia

A

An approach used to denote structured practice to improve specific cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and executive functions EX: drilling

40
Q

Cognitive stimulation for Dementia

A

Less direct appraoch, can typically be done in a group setting. EX: working on puzzles

Adult Language Disorders (2 decks)

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