Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Psych 223 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

criteria for General Personality Disorder

A

A:
- an enduring pattern of 2 or more:
- cognition (ways of perceiving self, others, or
events)
- affectivity (range, intensity, and
appropriateness of emotional response)
- interpersonal functioning
- impulse control
B:
- enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive
across a broad range of personal and social
situations
C:
- enduring pattern leads to significant
distress/impairment in social, occupational, or
other important areas of functioning
D:
- pattern is stable and for a long time, can be
traced to childhood or adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three clusters of personality disorder

A
  • odd-eccentric
  • dramatic-emotional
  • anxious-fearful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cluster A defining characteristics for GPD

A
  • flat affect, odd thought or speech patterns
    3 disorders:
    • paranoid personality disorder
    • schizotypal personality disorder
    • schizoid personality disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cluster B defining characteristics of GPD

A
  • manipulative and potentially uncaring
  • emotional dysregulation
  • inappropriately sexual and seductive behavior
    • extreme focus on appearance

disorders:
- histrionic personality disorder
- antisocial personality disorder
- borderline personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cluster C defining characteristics for GPD

A

extreme concern of criticism and abandonment that leads to impaired relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • cluster A
  • symptoms of schizophrenia but not severe
    enough to warrant diagnosis
  • mild perceptual and cognitive distortions
  • discomfort with and deficits in interpersonal
    relations (wants close relations but often
    avoids them)
  • seen as bright and creative often times
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does cluster A in personality disorder differ from schizophrenia

A

Cluster A in personality disorder lists paranoia as a symptom but unlike schizophrenia, it does not reach a high level of severity

schizophrenia usually think widely, like the government is attacking them while cluster A focus more on people they know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

characteristics of antisocial personality disorder/ASPD

A
  • disregard for and violation of the rights of others:
    • failure to conform to social norms
    • deceitfulness
    • impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
    • lack of remorse
  • heavily genetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

histrionic personality disorder (characteristics, core beliefs, and learning history)

A
  • exaggerated emotionality that lacks depth
    (shallow and rapidly shifting emotions)
  • discomfort when not center of attention
    (constant seeking of reassurance, approval
    and praise)
  • inappropriately sexual and seductive behavior
    (extreme focus on appearance)

core beliefs:
- self: if I can’t entertain people, they will
abandon me
- other: if other people don’t respond, they are
rotten

learning history:
- selective interpersonal reinforcement by
family and peer relationships leads to
excessive attention-seeking behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

early learning environment in ASPD/environments ASPD is found in

A
  • moral insanity/constitutionally deficient in
    moral faculties
  • overrepresented in criminal and substance
    abuse settings
  • characterized by either passive/neglectful
    parenting attitudes or overly harsh parenting
    styles
    • passive: children who receive little attention
      for (+) behaviors may engage in (-) behavior
      for attention
  • incapable of profiting from
    reward/punishment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of healthy narcissism

A

helps one maintain:
- a positive self-image
- regulatory processes
- needs for validation and affirmation
- self-enhancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

behaviors associated with clinical/grandiose narcissism

A
  • arrogant, conceited and domineering attitudes and behaviors
    also internal manifestations:
    • repressing negative aspects of self
    • distorting disconfirming external information
    • engaging in regulatory fantasies of unlimited
      power, superiority, perfection, and adulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two primary characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • instability in emotion, cognition, behavior, sense of self, and interpersonal relationships
  • profound fears of abandonment (real or imagined) and esperate bids to avoid abandonment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

early learning experiences that are associated with Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • maternal / paternal absences
  • discord between parents
  • raised by other relatives or in a foster home
  • familial physical violence
    • physical or sexual abuse, neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the meaning of “good enough mothering”

A

parents don’t need to be perfect, just present enough to form their child into a functioning member of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does “good enough mothering” align with Linehan’s understanding of BP development

A

the child doesn’t learn to develop normally if this is the case, which leads to child’s inner experiences being met with erratic responses from parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

with respect to genetic factors, what do scientists believe is being inherited with respect to BPD

A

scientists believe that predisposing traits are being inherited, which leads to a propensity to the disorder but not inheriting the disorder itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the main limitation with twin studies on BPD

A

no adoption studies have been conducted, making it hard to rule out environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

particular features of OCPD

A

orderliness
perfectionism
mental and interpersonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a sexual paraphilia

A

sexual arousal to non-normative or deviant stimuli and the associated sexual behaviors
- qualitative aspects of sexuality / direction of
sexual feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which disorders belong to the victim/victimless categories

A

victimless:
- fetishism
- transvestic fetishism
- sexual masochism & sadism (receiving end)

victim:
- exhibitionism
- frotteurism
- pedophilia
- sexual masochism & sadism
(nonconsensual)
- voyeurism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

learning-based etiological models for sexual paraphilias

A

classical conditioning

imprinting

conditioning and fantasy rehearsal

early sexual trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dispositional factors that are often found in individuals with sexual paraphilias

A
  • men
  • impulsivity, anger, aggression, etc.
  • heterosocial deficits
  • early attachment problems
  • comorbid pathology:
    • mood disorder
    • anxiety
    • substance abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a potentially potent non-shared environmental factor in the development of psychopathy?

A

peer relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what area of the brain is thought to have learning deficits in psychopathy? is it the only part of the brain to be impacted like this?

A

amygdala; no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

response modulation hypothesis (RMH) and how does attention bottleneck factor in?

A

psychopaths’ inability to adapt their behavior to changing circumstances results from an inability to process peripheral cues in the midst of a dominant response

attention bottleneck - the simultaneous processing of multiple channels of information, which can be seen to be slowed/negatively affected in psychopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how does Gray’s BIS/BAS model shown in psychopathy

A

the BIS (sensitive to threat) can be seen as weak and along with a normal BAS (sensitive to reward) can be seen in psychopaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

6 criteria for psychopathy that have the strongest influence on current conceptualizations of the disorder

A
  • superficial charm and good intelligence
  • lack of remorse or shame (inability to feel it at all)
  • poor judgement and failure to learn by experience
  • inadequately motivated antisocial behavior
  • incapacity for love
  • general poverty in major affective reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

negative life events that characterize the youth of those later diagnosed with BPD

A

physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or neglect during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is considered a key environmental factor in the development of BPD?

A

invalidating family environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

2 core features of BPD listed in the textbook?

A

affective instability and fear/intolerance of aloneness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

in what ways are people with BPD “unstable”?

A

instability in self-image when patients have difficulty in maintaining a sense of who they are and /or what they want from their lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

psychopaths in relation to aversive stimuli

A
  • less influenced by fear reactions
  • don’t experience anxiety the same way as typical
    people as well as fear
    • experiences aren’t translating into behavior as
      experiences are rarely lumped with anxiety
  • chronic low levels of arousal and in need to increase arousal levels, ASPD individuals will engage in higher-risk sensation-seeking behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

high-functioning/exhibitionistic narcissism

A
  • exaggerated sense of self-importance
  • outgoing, articulate, and energetic
  • show “good adaptive functioning and use their narcissism as a motivation to succeed”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what statement do you ask to see if people could classify as a narcissist?

A

I am a narcissist
1 = not true –> 7 = true

36
Q

grandiose/malignant narcissism subtype is characterized by:

A
  • seething anger
  • manipulativeness
  • pursuit of interpersonal power and control
  • lack of remorse (get overridden by need of ego
    demands)
  • exaggerated self-importance
  • feelings of privilege
  • externalize negative life events
  • have little insight into their behavior
37
Q

fragile/hypersensitive/vulnerable narcissism subtype is characterized by:

A
  • inability to consistently maintain a grandiose sense of self
  • prone to narcissistic injury
  • emotional states characterized by shame, anxiety, depression, and feelings of inadequacy
38
Q

vulnerable vs. grandiose narcissism

A

vulnerable narcissistic is a lot closer to vulnerabilities while grandiose narcissists are a lot “better” at maintaining their grandiosity

39
Q

paraphilia vs. paraphilic disorder

A

p - not distressing you or others

disorder - paraphilia accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment or a nonconsenting person

40
Q

exhibitionism and what it is associated w/

A

recurrent urge for exposure of the genitals to strangers or unsuspecting persons
- arousal response to shock, fear or embarrassment
of victims

associated w/
- acts of sexual aggression
- antisocial traits / heterosocial deficits

41
Q

heterosocial

A

describes social relations with the opposite sex of the nonseexual nature (heterosocial deficits: lacking normal skills with the other sex)

42
Q

fetishism and partialism

A

f- erotic attraction to nonliving objects

p- a form of fetishistic behavior involving intense erotic attraction to specific parts of the body

43
Q

transvestic fetishism

A

heterosexual men for whom dressing in women’s clothing is found to be sexually arousing

44
Q

frotteurism and what it is associated w/

A

individual’s touching or rubbing his genitals against the leg, buttocks or other body parts of an unsuspecting person (usually undetected by victim)

associated w/
- withdrawn, immature or socially avoidant
personality style

45
Q

pedophilia and subtypes

A

adults for whom prepubescent children are the focus of erotic attraction and interest
- opportunistic
- pervasively angry
- sexual

46
Q

sexual sadism

A

involves excitement in response to the infliction of psychological or physical suffering

enjoyment of inflicting pain

47
Q

sexual masochism

A

involves excitement in response to being humiliated or made to suffer (some enjoy either role while others only are aroused in one or the other)

enjoyment of experiencing pain

48
Q

sadomasochistic behaviors

A

beating/burning
restraint
blindfolding
body piercing
humiliation

49
Q

voyeurism and essential feature

A

observation of an unsuspecting person or persons who are nude, disrobing or engaging in a sexual act

essential feature: lack of awareness of victim

50
Q

what is voyeurism associated with

A
  • sadism, aggression & sexual assault
  • little sexual experience and lack of
    heterosocial skills
  • strong feelings of inferiority
51
Q

paraphilia, NOS

A
  • telephone scatalogia (obscene telephone
    calling)
  • necrophilia (corpses)
  • zoophilia (animals)
  • coprophilia (feces)
  • urophilia (urine)
52
Q

difference between cluster B and C

A
  • function
  • manifestation (B is manipulative, lack of empathy, and high-risk behavior)
53
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A
  • feelings of extreme social inhibition, inadequacy, and sensitivity to negative criticism and rejection
  • avoidance of activities of daily living (work) involving people for fear of criticism or rejection
  • low self-esteem and social isolation
54
Q

dependent personality disorder

A
  • feelings of helplessness, submissiveness, dependence, reassurance seeking
  • difficulty making independent decisions
  • avoidance of adult activities and tolerance of abuse and maltreatment
55
Q

different between OCPD and other cluster C disorders

A

they have no sensitivity to criticism

56
Q

OCPD vs. OCD

A

OCPD - perfectionism

OCD - obsessions and compulsions due to
intrusive thoughts

57
Q

when does OCPD begin

A

early adulthood

58
Q

what do people with OCPD give up within their disorder

A
  • flexibility
  • openness
  • efficiency
59
Q

4 or more of the following are needed to diagnose OCPD:

A
  • preoccupied with rules / lists
  • shows perfectionism interfering w/ task
    completion
  • excessively devoted to work, excluding leisure
  • inflexible about morality, ethics or values
  • unable to discard worn-out clothes
  • reluctant to work w/ others unless it is done
    their way
  • money is something that is hoarded, not
    spent in case of disaster
  • rigidity and stubbornness
60
Q

based on your textbook, the term “borderline” stems from who’s viewpoint?

A

stern (1938)

61
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive personality requires at least 5 symptom characteristics (t/f)

A

false, 4

62
Q

there have been efforts to change the name of Borderline PD to

A

Unstable Personality Disorder

63
Q

On average how many introverted people are likely to be diagnosed with Histrionic Personality Disorder?

A

none!

64
Q

sexual paraphilias always involve a victim in some way (t/f)

A

false

65
Q

“If I don’t entertain people, they will abandon me” is an example of which disorder’s core belief?

A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

66
Q

Psychopathy is a highly inheritable disorder (t/f)

A

false

67
Q

Mckenna is unaware of her conceded nature. She feels entitled to special treatment from others. what is her diagnosis?

A

Grandiose Narcissism

68
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of BPD?

fears of abandonment
tumultuous interpersonal relationships
emotional instability
none of the above

A

none of the above

69
Q

A person who is uncomfortable when not the center of attention, whose emotions lack depth / change rapidly could have …

A

histrionic personality disorder

70
Q

Per lecture, overly harsh or neglectful parenting styles are potential characteristics of what?

A

Psychopathy

71
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by which of the following?

less severe symptoms of schizophrenia
showing little regard for the safety of others and
possibly their own
inappropriately sexual and seductive behavior
extreme feelings of paranoia

A

less severe symptoms of schizophrenia

72
Q

“I can’t trust or make friends with anyone, because they’re going to stab me in the back”, is an example of

A

paranoid personality disorder

73
Q

what is a “narcissistic injury”?

A

constructive criticism toward a narcissistic person

74
Q

John likes to dress up in mini skirts and high heels because he finds it very sexually arousing. This displays …

A

Transvestic Fetishism

75
Q

A common theme across theoretical models of borderline personality disorder is

A

invalidating early attachment

76
Q

fetishism is considered a psychological disorder (t/f)

A

false

77
Q

which of the following is not found to be inherited in individuals with BPD?

anxiety
impulse control problems
narcissism
mood disorders

A

narcissism

78
Q

which is inaccurate regarding features of psychopathic individuals?

they’re easily aroused
they engage in negative behaviors for attention
have neglectful parents
they’re slow to adapt a conditioned response to
fear

A

they’re easily aroused

79
Q

narcissism is both old as an ____ and a ______

A

idea; formal psychological construct

80
Q

when was narcissism added as a formal diagnosis / in which DSM?

A

DSM-III

81
Q

what does the tower of babel reference with Narcissistic personality?

A

clinical and social/personality psychologists differ in how they conceptualize and measure narcissism, making there be no one gold standard definition or theoretical model of narcissism

82
Q

high scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) show:

A

-negative associations with trait neuroticism and depression
-positive associations with achievement motivation and self-esteem

83
Q

Autonomy subtype of healthy narcissism

A
  • correlated with self-ratings and partner-ratings of creativity, empathy, achievement orientation, and individualism
  • prototype generally associated with positive trajectories in longitudinal studies
84
Q

why does the “I am a narcissist” statement work?

A
  • we don’t know fully
  • works for vulnerable because they are more
    willing to admit as they are more tuned with
    insecurities
85
Q

developmental and learning history for narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • overvaluation by parents not balanced w/ realistic
    feedback
  • lack of valuation and idealization by parents

two opposing styles produce the same end

86
Q

cluster C disorders

A
  • avoidant personality
  • dependent personality
  • OCPD

Behavioral Psych 223 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions