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Pharmacology 1 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics are…

A

Naturally occurring substances produced by microorganisms

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2
Q

Stain Purple means

A

Gram-positive

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3
Q

Stain Pink means

A

Gram-Negative

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4
Q

What are culture and sensitivity test?(Petri dish)

A

Determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic

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5
Q

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

A

Acts against wide range of bacteria

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6
Q

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

A

Act against specific Families of bacteria

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7
Q

Penicillin is a …

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

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8
Q

Cephalosporins is a…

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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9
Q

Tetracyclines is a…

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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10
Q

Fluroquinolones is a…

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

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11
Q

Define Bactericidal

A

destroys rapidly proliferating bacteria

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12
Q

define Bacteriostatic

A

Slow the growth of bacteria for the host to destroy

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides and Beta-lactam antibiotics are…

A

Bactericidal

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14
Q

Metronidazole and Quinolones are…

A

Bactericidal

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15
Q

Vancomycin and tetracycline(sometimes) are…

A

Bactericidal

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16
Q

Chloramphenicol and clindamycin are…

A

Bacteriostatic

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17
Q

Macrolide and Nitrofurantoin are…

A

Bacteriostatic

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18
Q

Oxazolidinones and tetracycline are…

A

Bacteriostatic

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19
Q

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are…

A

Bacteriostatic

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20
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Acquired at healthcare facilities

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21
Q

Superinfection

A

secondary infection

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22
Q

Define Microbes

A

bacteria or virus organism that live everywhere

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23
Q

Microbes can cause…

A

Acute infection
Chronic Infections
Latent Infections

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24
Q

Define Acute infection

A

Short lived

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25
Q

Define Chronic Infection

A

Last week, months or a lifetime

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26
Q

Define Latent Infection

A

May not cause symptoms at first but can be reactivated

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27
Q

MOA Antimicrobial

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit cell wall function
inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
Antifolates

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28
Q

Bacterial Cell wall Synthesis

A

Antibacterials target cell walls, human cells = no cell wall therefore no human harm

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29
Q

Beta-Lactams target cell walls, examples

A

Penicillin
cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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30
Q

Bacterial Cell wall Function

A

Bind Bacterial membranes, causing cell contents to leak

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31
Q

Examples of bacterial Cell wall function

A

Polymixin B

32
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, reducing number of disease causing bacteria

33
Q

Bacterial DNA

A

self repilcating
carries genetic information

34
Q

Bacterial RNA

A

carries instructions ffrom DNA for controlling protein synthesis

35
Q

Define Antifolates

A

Blacks synthesis of folic acid in bacteria

36
Q

Define Microbial Resistance

A

Bacteria overcoming the bactericidal effects of an antibiotic

37
Q

What enzyme can destroy Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

A

Beta-lactamase

38
Q

What bacteria mutate to change transport mechanism

A

Bacteria that is resistant to tetracyclines

39
Q

-mycin

A

Aminoglycosides

40
Q

ceph- or cef-

A

Cephalosporin drugs

41
Q

-floxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

42
Q

-thromycin

A

Macrolides

43
Q

-cillin

A

Penicillin family

44
Q

Sulf-

A

Sulfonamides

45
Q

-cycline

A

Tetracycline

46
Q

Aminoglycosides are used…

A

for treatment of serious infections

47
Q

What do Aminoglycosides do?

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

48
Q

3 factors considered when choosing a antimicrobial

A

Host
Bacterial factors
Pharmacologic factors

49
Q

Serious ADRs linked to aminoglycoside use

A

Ototoxicity

50
Q

Fluoroquinolones fight infections by…

A

Inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis and DNA gyrase

51
Q

Macrolides fight infection by…

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

52
Q

Penicillin’s fight infections by…

A

Interfering with bacterial cell wall crosslinks

53
Q

Which antiretroviral is associated with intracranial hemorrhage

A

Tipranavir

54
Q

oral medication that is effective for nail fungal infection

A

Terbinafine

55
Q

Macrolides are primarily used to treat…

A

Upper respiratory infections

56
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

treatment for gram-positive bacterial infections

57
Q

Oxazolidines MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

58
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Inhibit cross-linkage of peptide side chains the bacterial cell well

59
Q

Carbapenems MOA

A

Beta-lactam ring binds to penem ring

60
Q

Treatment for Influenza A

A

Amantadine

61
Q

increased oral absorption in the treatment of HSV1

A

Valacyclovir

62
Q

Antivirals effect what?

A

Inhibit Viral Replication

63
Q

What will not influence the outcome of antiviral therapy

A

Ability of the virus to penetrate the PNS

64
Q

Aid cocktails are made up of…

A

3 or more medications

65
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Infusion Reactions

66
Q

Primary Mechanisms of action of antifungals

A

destroy fungal cell membrane
interfere with synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication
Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell wall

67
Q

How do imidazole and triazole drugs fight off infection

A

interfere with ergosterol

68
Q

Echinocandins treat which fungi?

A

Candida
Aspergillus

69
Q

Candida is…

A

yeast
trush

70
Q

Allylamine Antifungal is…

A

Terbinafine

71
Q

Allylamine Antifungal MOA

A

Block enzyme needed for ergosterol synthesis

72
Q

Polyene’s are…

A

Nystatin
Amphotericin B

73
Q

Polyene MOA

A

Bind irreversibly to ergosterol

74
Q

Thiocarbamates is…

A

Tolnaftate

75
Q

Thiocarbamates MOA

A

Stunts growth of susceptible dermatophytes

76
Q

Sulfonylureas are…

A

Glyburides
Gliclazide

Pharmacology 1 (2 decks)

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