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Physical Diagnosis > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What do Monntgomery’s glands do?

A

Secrete a protective lubricant during lactation

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2
Q

What quadrant is breast cancer MC in?

A

Upper Outer Quadrant & the Tail of Spence

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3
Q

What are extra nipples called?

A

Supernumerary Nipples

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4
Q

What is the MC benign tumor of the breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

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5
Q

What palpates as a single firm well defined mass that is freely movable? (Small Slippery Marble)

A

Fibroadenoma

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6
Q

What palpates as multiple soft round fluctuat masses that are freely moveable?

A

Fibrocystic breast disease (Benign)

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7
Q

What is Fibrocystic Breast Disease?

A

Alteration of estrogen/progesterone ration during lateral phase of the menstrual cycle

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8
Q

What is the MC breast cancer? What is the percentage?

A

Adenocarcinoma (80%)

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9
Q

Irregular, hard, fixed, with poorly defined margins breast mass

A

Carcinoma

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10
Q

Round, rubbery, mobile with well defined margins breast mass

A

Fibroadenoma

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11
Q

Bilateral modularity is seen in

A

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

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12
Q

What signs are present in Breast Carcinoma?

A
  • Retraction
  • Dimpling
  • nipple retraction
  • nipple deviation
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13
Q

Appears dry, red, scaling of the tissue surrounding nipple (similar to eczema)

A

Paget’s Intraductal Carcinoma

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14
Q

Bloody discharge from the nipple indicates:

A

Paget;s Intraductal Carcinoma

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15
Q

Bilateral milky discharge from the nipple (not associated with pregnancy ) indicates:

A

“Galactorrhea” (prolactin secreting pituitary tumor)

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16
Q

What is thickening of the skin with unusual prominent pores called?

A

Peau d’orange (Orange peel skin)

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17
Q

What is caused by cancers with fibrous strands attached to the skin and fascia?

A

Tethering

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18
Q

What is “proliferation of palpable glandular tissue”?

A

Gynecamastia

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19
Q

What muscle contracts to keep the Testis at a regulated temperature?

A

Cremaster

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20
Q

Excoriations are often indicative of:

A

Lice (crabs) or Scabies

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21
Q

Stage 1 of Syphillis

A

Sore forms (3-90 days post-exposure)

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22
Q

Stage 2 of Syphillis

A

Body Rash (4-10 weeks post-exposure)

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23
Q

Stage 3 of Syphilis

A

Affects internal organs (3-15 years post-exposure)

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24
Q

Triad of Reiter’s Syndrome

A

(1) Conjunctivitis
(2) Urethritis
(3) Arthritis

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25
Q

Cheesy, whitish material that may accumulate under prepuse

A

Smegma

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26
Q

Tight prepuce that once retracted, can’t be returned

A

Paraphimosis

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27
Q

Tight prepuce that cannot be retracted over the glans

A

Phimosis

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28
Q

Benign dome-shaped white/yellow scrotal nodules

A

Epidermoid cyst

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29
Q

Undescended testicle

A

Cryptochidism

30
Q

No tender, fluid-filled mass in the epidydimus

A

Spermatocele

31
Q

Other name for Tinea Cruris

A

Jock Itch

32
Q

What indicates a varicocele?

A

A temporary increase in the diameter of the spermatic cord

33
Q

What is Phren’s sign?

A

When the testis are elevated, the testicular pain decreases

34
Q

Name for inflamed testes

A

Acute Orchitis

35
Q

Femoral Hernia mnemonic

A

NAVEL
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty Space
Lymphatics

36
Q

What are the MC type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium oxalate > Calcium Phosphate

37
Q

What are the alkalizing Minerals?

A
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
38
Q

When is the Cremaster Reflex Absent?

A
  • Testicular torsion
  • upper/lower motor neuron lesions
  • L1/L2 spinal cord injury
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) injury
39
Q

What nerve roots are tested by the Bulbocavernous reflex?

A

S2-S4

40
Q

Where do most cervical cancers develop?

A

Transition Zone (area between the old and the new Squamocolumnar Junction)

41
Q

What does Menorrhagia mean?

A

Heavy mentrual bleeding

42
Q

What does Dyspareunia mean?

A

Painful sexual intercourse

43
Q

Salpingecttomy vs. Oophorectomy

A

Sal: removal of fallopian tubes
Oop: removal of the ovaries

44
Q

What HPV’s are cervical cancer?

A

16 & 18

45
Q

What HPV’s are genital warts?

A

6 & 11

46
Q

What age is cervical cancer most common?

A

30-50 y.o.

47
Q

CIN ___ & ___ are considered pre-cancerous

A

2 & 3

48
Q

What is the MC complication of STD?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory disease

49
Q

What is the MC pelvic tumor in women?

A

Uterine Fibroid (Leiomyoma)

50
Q

Macule

A

Flat lesion, not palpable

51
Q

Papule

A

Raised domed lesion, palpable above skin

52
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid-filled lesion

53
Q

Plaque

A

Large raised flat-topped lesions; plateau like

54
Q

Wheal

A

Transient localized dermal edema

55
Q

Pustule

A

Collection of neutrophils & keratin that appears white

56
Q

Furuncle

A

Inflamed hair follicle

57
Q

Carbuncle

A

Multiple enflamed hair follicles

58
Q

Subcutaneous cyst

A

Subcutaneous collections of fluid

59
Q

What is the MC type of Cancer in the U.S.?

A

Skin Cancer

60
Q

Where does skin cancer begin?

A

Epidermis

61
Q

What is the MC form of skin cancer?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

62
Q

Pink Papule with Overlying telangiectasia:

A

Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma

63
Q

MC locations for Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Scalp, Lips & Ears

64
Q

What cancer accounts for 70% of all cancer deaths?

A

Melanoma

65
Q

What type accounts for 15% of melanomas

A

Nodular melanoma

66
Q

Survival from melanoma strongly correlates with…

A

Tumor Thickness

67
Q

What is the most sensitive criteria for melanoma?

A

Evolution or Change

68
Q

Inflammation of hair follicles due to an infection, injury or irritation

A

Folliculitis

69
Q

Viral, rubbery, painless with central umbilications describes what?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

70
Q

2-10 cm Herald patch:

A

Pityriasis Rosea

71
Q

Autoimmune disease marked by blisters on skin and mucous membranes often accompanied by itching or burning

A

Pemphigus

72
Q

Red, round & slightly elevated bumps

A

Cherry Angiomas

Physical Diagnosis (7 decks)

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