Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Diagnosis > Exam 2: [ENT & Eyes] > Flashcards

Exam 2: [ENT & Eyes] Flashcards

1
Q

What are Tears composed of?

A

Water, Oil & Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Center of the Fiel of VIsion?

A

Fovea Centralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Innervation of the Eye Muscles

A

Superior Oblique: CN 4
Lateral Rectus: CN 6
Inferior Oblique, Medial Rectus, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus: CN 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presbyopia Definition

A

Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SNellen Chart

A

[Distance Vision]
- has to get more than 1/2 letters correct
- stands 20 feet away
- 20/70 = what pt reads from 20, normal eye can read from 70.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What reading on the SNellen chart is legally blind?

A

20/200 or worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rosenbaum Chart

A

[Near Vision]
- 14 inches from face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ishihara Plates

A

[Color blindness]
- stands 75cm from plates
- must read within 3 seconds
- less than or equal to 9 correct = deficient color vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blind spot is where?

A

15 degrees temporal to the line of gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anopsia Definition

A

[Visual Field Defect]
-hemianopia
- quadrantic defect
- mononuclear defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sparing of the Macula is seen when?

A

In Infarction of Occipital lobes due to PCA occlusion.
May be caused by collateral vascular supply to the macular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the Posterior cerebral artery is occulted…

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What types of light to use for Cornea & Lens, Iris & Corneal Reflection

A

Cornea & Lens: Oblique light
Iris: Tangenital light
Corneal Reflection: direct light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One eye vs both eyes protruding

A

One Eye: Cancerous growth in the eye
Both Eyes: abnormality of the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strabismus definition

A

Eyes will not look straight ahead together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lateral sparseness of the eyebrows indicates:

A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Scaliness of the eyebrows indicates

A

Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ptosis of the eyelids

A

[upper eye lid droop] (lazy eye)
NORMAL MAD = 4-4.5MM
- Upper eye lid should not cover the pupil
Myasthenia Gravis: CN III
Horner Syndrome: Congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Entropion of Eyelid

A

[Inward turning of lid margin]
- irritates conjunctiva & sclera
- MC in elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ectropion of eyelid

A

[Outward turning of lid margin]
- If punctum turns outward, eye cant drain well
- MC in elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lid Lag vs. Von Grafe’s Sign

A

Lid Lag: Static situation (lid higher than normal in downgaze)
Von Grafe’s: Dynamic sign (lid descends during downgaze)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Blepharitis

A

Chronic inflammation of eyelids at the base of the hair follicles
- S. Aureus
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- clogged sebaceous gland
- rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lesions of the Eye: Stye vs. Chalazion

A

Stye: Infection of margin, Ext = lash, Int = Obstructed Meibomian gland
Chalazion: Painless Obstructed Meibomian gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Raised, yellowish cholesterol plaque on nasal portion of eyelid
- Hyperlipidemia
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pinguecula

A

[harmless yellow nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva]
- deposition of protein, fat or calcium
- nasal then temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Corneal Arcus (Arcus senilis)

A
  • Gray/white arc around cornea
  • usually benign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Kayser-Fleischer Ring

A

Red/brown ring shading to green or blue from Copper deposition in cornea
-Genetic OR Copper accumulation in Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Keratoconus

A

[assymetric thinning results in cone-shaped cornea]
- weakening of central cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Keratoconus Results In:

A

Myopia & Astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What CN Opens & Closes the Eye Lid?

A

Opens: CN 3
Closes: CN 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Can’t close the eyes -> suspect what?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Bells Palsy
Loss of Conscoiusness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Corneal Injury or Infection Causes

A

Abrasion
Viral
Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Acute Iritis Causes

A

Herpes
TB
Autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Acute Angle Glaucoma Causes

A

Increased introcular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hyphema

A

[polling of blood in anterior chamber of eye]
- Results from: trauma, hemophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What do you inspect to cornea and lens for?

A

Cataracts (lens opacity)
Corneal Scars (superficial grayish white opacity of cornea)
Pterygium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pterygium

A

Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Increased introcular pressure results in a

A

Bulging Iris (shadow on medial iris w/ tangential lighting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ciliary Injecton of the Iris

A

Dilation of deeper vessels radiating from limbus

40
Q

Glaucoma definition

A

Set of irreversible progressive optic neuropathies that can lead to severe visual field lass & bblindness

41
Q

2 MC forms of Glaucoma

A

Primary open angle: family Hx, DM, Black, Hispanic
Primary angle closure: Asian, female

42
Q

With treatment of glaucoma…

A

1 in 7 patients will be blind in 20 years

43
Q

Glaucoma exam findings

A
  • Optic Disc cupping
  • Pain w/ eyelid palpation
  • medial shadow
  • halos around lights
  • loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)
44
Q

Exam finding during an acute episode of angle closure glaucoma include:

A
  • Mid-dilated pupil
  • conjunctival (ciliary) injection
  • cloudy cornea
45
Q

What does PERRLA stand for?

A

[Pupil observation]
Pupils
Equal
Round
React to
Light
Accommodate

46
Q

Normal pupil size in adults:

A

2-4mm in diameter (bright light)
4-8mm in diameter (dark)

47
Q

Coloboma

A
  • Congenital
  • Pupil loos like its drooping down the iris
48
Q

Anisocoria

A

[defect in contraction or dilation of one pupil]
- “Unequal pupil size”
When anisocoria is greater in bright light pupil cant constrict
When anisocoria is greater in dim light pupil cant dilate

49
Q

Pupillary constriction vs. Dilation

A

Constriction: Parasympathetic
Dilation: Sympathetic

50
Q

Blindness is a problem with what CN?

A

CN 2

51
Q

Light reaction in a blind eye

A
  • Unilateral blindness does not cause anisocoria.
  • light directed into the blind eye causes no response in either eye
52
Q

Convergence, Consteiction & Accommodation of the pupil are controlled by:

A

CN 3

53
Q

Mydriasis vs. Miosis

A

Mydriasis: dilation of the pupil
Miosis: excessive constriction of the pupil

54
Q

Parasympathetic Anisocoria

A

[failure of larger pupil to constrict]
- CN 3 Paralysis
- Tonic (Adie) Pupil

55
Q

Sympathetic Anisocoria

A

[failure of smaller pupil to dilate]
- Horner syndrome
- Argyll Roberson (small irregular pupils)

56
Q

What might cause an absent red reflex?

A
  • Detached retina
  • Corneal Abrasion
  • Cataract
  • Tumor/retinoblastoma
57
Q

3 C’s of the Optic Disc

A

1) Cup
2) Color
3) COntour

58
Q

Glaucomatous Cupping

A
  • Increased introcular pressure from glaucoma
  • Increased cupping due to nerve fiber loss
59
Q

Optic Atrophy

A

Optic cup occupies the entire optic disc
Entire disc appears pale/white
- Optic neuritis
- MS
- Temporal aretitis

60
Q

Papilledema

A

Engorgement & swelling of optic disc
Intracranial pressure causes edema along optic nerve
- blurred disc margins
- cup not visible

61
Q

A/V Nicking

A

“Apparent nicking at arteriovenous crossings”
Vein appears to taper down on either side of the artery
- Hyoertension

62
Q

Cotton Wool Patches

A

White ovoid lesion with soft edged
Extruded Axoplasm
- HTN
- DM

63
Q

Flame Hemorrhages

A

Superficial bundles of nerve fibers
- HTN
- Papillaedema
- Occlusion of retinal vein

64
Q

Drusen

A

Yellow spots between optic disc & macula
Dead retinal pigment epithelial cells
- age related macular degeneration
- Scotsman vs. loss of peripheral vision

65
Q

Conduction phase of the ear

A

External & Middle ear
(Air & Bone Conduction)

66
Q

Sensorineural Phase of the ear

A

Inner Ear

67
Q

Causes of Conductive External Ear hearing loss

A
  • Ceruman impaction
  • Infection (otitis external)
  • Trauma
  • foreign objects
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • Benign bony outgrowths (exostosis & osteomas)
68
Q

Causes of Conductive Middle Ear hearing loss

A
  • otitis media
  • congenital
  • cholesteatomas
  • otoscleosis
  • tumors
  • perforation of tympanic membrane
69
Q

Causes of Sensorineural Inner Ear hearing loss

A
  • congenital & hereditary
  • presbycusis
  • viral infections
  • Meniere disease
  • noise exposure
  • ototoxic drug exposure
  • acoustic neuromas
70
Q

How many decibels is dangerous/painful?

A

120db (ambulance siren)

71
Q

Whisper voice test at how many decibels?

A

20-40

72
Q

Weber test

A
  • In patients w/ unilateral hearing loss
  • on top of head
    Sound louder in bad ear = conductive hearing loss
    Sound louder in good ear = Sensorineural loss
73
Q

Sound lateralizes toward what ear?

A

Bad ear w/ conduction loss
Good ear w/ sensorineural loss

74
Q

Rinse test

A

Normal: Air conduction (AC) > Bone conduction (BC)

Conductive Loss: AC < BC OR AC = BC
Sensorineural Loss: AC > BC

75
Q

Causes of Sinus Obstruction

A
  • Allergies
  • Infections
  • Deviated septum
  • Environmental/chemical irritants
76
Q

Abnormal Nasal Passage findings

A
  • Swelling
  • Bleeding
  • Exudates
  • Growths (polyps, tumors, ulcers)
  • Deviated septum
  • Perforated septum
77
Q

Viral Rhinitis vs. Allergic RHinitis

A

Viral: red & swollen mucosa
Allergic: mucosa pale or grayish

78
Q

Deviated vs perforated septum

A

Deviated: congenital, trauma

Perforated: trauma surgery, cocaine, anphetamines

79
Q

What is Epistaxis & where does it occur?

A

Nose bleed
- Occurs in anterior portion of septum (children) Kiesselbach’s plexus
- Occurs in Posterior portion of septum (adults) in the, HTN & ASVD

80
Q

Exudates

A

CSF Leak (Salty, Unilateral, copious, clear)
Typically follow head trauma

81
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A

Will rise when tongue is protruded AND when a patient swallows

82
Q

The tongue deviates __________ the side of a CN 12 Lesion

A

Toward

83
Q

CN X Inspection in the throat includes:

A

Soft palate rise
(Soft palate will not rise on side of the lesion)

84
Q

Gag reflex tests

A

CN 9 by touching the posterior pharynx

85
Q

What is Horseness?

A

Change in voice quality, described as husky, rough, harsh or lower pitched than usual

86
Q

MC Causes of Hoarseness

A

Voice overuse
Viral Laryngitis
Neck Trauma

87
Q

If hoarseness lasts more than 2 weeks…

A

Refer to larynoscopy

88
Q

Attrition of teeth

A

Teeth worn down by repetitive use
(Dentin exposed)

89
Q

Recession of gums

A

Exposes roots
Infection, genetics, brushing

90
Q

Erosion of teeth

A

Chemical action
Dentin exposed

91
Q

Hutchinson teeth

A

Congenital syphilis
Widely spaced teeth taper toward the biting surface

92
Q

Abrasion of teeth w/ notching

A

Repetitive trauma
Bobby pin in mouth

93
Q

Gingivitis (gum disease)

A

Red, swollen gingival margins
Poor oral hygeine

94
Q

Actinic Chelitis

A

Predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma

95
Q

Carcinoma of te lip

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Scaly plaque or ulcer

96
Q

Angular chelitis

A

B2, no teeth, poor fitting dentures

97
Q

Exudative Tonsilitis

A

Fever & Enlarged anterior cervical nodes
Strep = anterior nodes
Mono = Posteriorr nodes

Physical Diagnosis (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions