Final Exam Flashcards
What are the actions of the splenius cervicis?
- Cervical Lateral Flexion
- Cervical Rotation
- Cervical Extension
What are the actions of the splenius capitis?
- Head/Cervical Extension
- Head/Cervical Lateral Flexion
- Head/Cervical Rotation
What is the difference between the splenius cervicis and the splenius capitis?
The splenius Capitis travels from the Cervical and Thoracic spine and inserts on the base of the skull so it can perform cervical and head actions.
The Splenius Cervicis travels from the Transverse spine to the cervical spine so it only completes cervical actions.
List the three erector spinae muscles and their differences in action
- Iliocostalis: Only controls the spine. Most Lateral = Stronger
- Longissimus: Spine and Head
- Spinalis: Spine and Head
All do extension, lateral flexion, and Rotation
External Obliques VS Internal Obliques
External: Superior Lateral to Inferior Medial. More wrapping in the transverse plane and diagonal fibers = Stronger Rotation and contralteral
Internal: Superior Medial to Inferior lateral. Ispilateral rotation
Stability of the Spine
- Vertebrae interlock tightly, cervical is more mobile and less stable. Lumbar is less mobile and more stable.
- Ligaments connect vertebral bodies then transverse processes, then spinous processes
- Erector Spinae always working against gravity
- a lot of muscle volume in lumbar colum
Lordosis
- Anterior Pelvic Tilt
- Strong lumbar extensors/hip flexors
- weak Lumbar flexors/hip extensors
- abs not engaged enough
kyphosis
- Strong neck flexors and thoracic extensors
- Weak Neck extensors and thoracic flexors
Herniated disc
Nucleus Pulposus leaks out and become pinched by spinous processes. Caused by excessive rotation, aging, or pressure
What do the gluteus minimus and medius both do?
Hip Abduction
Joint actions of the gluteus minimus
- abduct hip
- internally rotate hip
- assist in hip flexion
Joint actions of the gluteus medius
- abduct hip
- extend hip/ ER hip (Posterior fibers)
- Flex hip/ IR hip (Anterior fibers)
Joint actions of the gluteus maximus
- extend/ ER hip
- assist hip abduction (Upper fibers)
- Assist hip adduction (Lower fibers)
- Stabilize knee in extension
Joint actions of the gluteus maximus
- extend/ ER hip
- assist hip abduction (Upper fibers)
- Assist hip adduction (Lower fibers)
- Stabilize knee in extension
What do the glute max upper fibers do vs the lower fibers
Upper: hip abduction
Lower: hip adduction
What do the Glute med anterior fibers do vs the posterior fibers
Anterior: Flex hip and internally rotate hip
Posterior: Extend hip and externally rotate hip
Are hip adductors and abductors stronger?
Adductors are stronger. Gravity is constantly pushing on our legs so the adductors must become stronger to prevent them from caving in. We also have more adductor muscle volume
Semimembranosus/semitendinosus vs biceps femoris
Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus: Hip extension and hip internal rotation
Biceps Femoris: Hip extension and hip external rotation
Semis have a medial side biase with a posterior med to lat pull
Biceps femoris has a lateral side bias with a lat to med posterior pull
Iliacus VS Pectineus
- Both do external Rotation and hip flexion
- Pectineus also does Hip Adduction
- Iliacus run very vertical and the pectineus run med to lat with diagonal fibers.
Sartorius VS Tensor Fascia Lata
- Both originate on the ASIS but sartorius inserts on medial tibia and TFL inserts on IT band (Lateral leg). This is why Sartorius does ER and TFL does IR. Sartorius can also do knee actions
Adductor brevis, longus, and magnus
- Magnus is strongest as it is largest in size and has the best leverage as it is the most distal along the femur.
Hip external vs internal rotators
External is stronger due to more muscles and larger muscles. also used more often
Hip extensors vs flexors
Extensors stronger than flexors due to being used more and having more muscle volume
Hip adductors vs abductors
- more muscle volume and used more often
Hip Joint Stability
-Bony Architecture: decent. The hip socket is fairly tight but still allows for mobility
-Ligaments: Surround femoral head, thick, and strong
-Dynamic Stability: Muscle redundancy, leg control through hip, knee, and ankle
Is the biceps femoris or sartorius stronger at knee flexion?
The biceps femoris is because it is larger and has a vertical fiber orientation going across the knee joint. The Sartorius is small and slightly wraps across the knee joint which weakens its flexion ability. The biceps femoris also runs perpendicular with the knee joint so it further increases its strength.
is the semimembranosus or gracilis stronger at knee internal rotation?
The semimembranosus is stronger because it is larger and has stronger lateral to medial transverse plane wrapping across the knee joint.
Knee joint stability
- the knee joint lacks bony architecture
- Has many ligaments
- large muscles along the front and back of the leg in the sagittal plane
- knee hip control
