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Medical Terminology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

dysentery

A

“Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea”

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2
Q

“halitosis”

A

“Foul-smelling breath”

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3
Q

“melena”

A

“Dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach”

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4
Q

“ulcerative colitis”

A

“Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon”

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5
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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6
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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7
Q

“atel/o”

A

incomplete; imperfect (atel/ectasis)

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8
Q

“steth/o”

A

chest

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9
Q

“phren/o”

A

Diaphragm

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10
Q

“paroxysmal”

A

“sudden and violent”

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11
Q

“consolidation”

A

“lung tissue loses its spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged”

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12
Q

“nares”

A

“Flaring of the nostrils”

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13
Q

“Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)”

A

“condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively”

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14
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

NRDS

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15
Q

“atelectasis”

A

“Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung”

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16
Q

“coryza”

A

“Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called rhinitis”

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17
Q

“epistaxis”

A

“Nasal hemorrhage; also called nosebleed”

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18
Q

“pertussis”

A

“Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound; also called whooping cough”

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19
Q

“pleural effusion”

A

“Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs”

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20
Q

“pleurisy”

A

“Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis”

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21
Q

SIDS

A

“sudden infant death syndrome

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22
Q

“antral lavage”

A

“Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management”

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23
Q

“aerosol therapy”

A

“Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways”

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24
Q

AIDS

A

“acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”

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25
Q

CPAP

A

“continuous positive airway pressure”

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26
Q

CXR

A

“chest x-ray, chest radiograph”

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27
Q

DPT

A

“diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus”

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28
Q

DVT

A

“deep vein thrombosis”

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29
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

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30
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker of the heart

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31
Q

systole

A

“contraction phase”

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32
Q

diastole

A

“relaxation phase”

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33
Q

“ather/o”

A

fatty plaque

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34
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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35
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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36
Q

“phleb/o”

A

vein

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37
Q

“sphygm/o”

A

pulse

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38
Q

“atheroma”

A

“buildup of a plaquelike substance composed of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris “

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39
Q

“infarction”

A

localized tissue death

40
Q

“ischemia”

A

“localized tissue anemia”

41
Q

“angina”

A

“chest pain and tightness”

42
Q

“endovenous ablation”

A

Destroying the tissue within the vein

43
Q

“aneurysm”

A

“Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

44
Q

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart

45
Q

auscultation

A

the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.

46
Q

bruit

A

Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both; also called murmur

47
Q

coarctation

A

“Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta”

48
Q

“Holter monitor test”

A

Procedure that uses a small, portable system to record and store the electrical activity of the heart over a 24- to 48-hour period; also called event monitor test

49
Q

“echocardiography (ECHO)”

A

Ultrasound test that produces moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, and assesses cardiac output

50
Q

“erythrocytes” vs Leukocytes

A

red blood cells & white blood cells

51
Q

“diapedesis”

A

“WBCs migrate through endothelial walls of capillaries and venules”

52
Q

“agglutin/o”

A

“clumping, gluing”

53
Q

aden/o

A

gland

54
Q

“myel/o”

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

55
Q

“poikil/o”

A

“varied, irregular”

56
Q

“-penia”

A

“decrease, deficiency”

57
Q

“aniso-“

A

“unequal, dissimilar”

58
Q

“hypochromia”

A

“deficiency in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin within the red blood cells”

59
Q

“indurated”

A

skin becomes red, swollen, and hardened following allergen test

60
Q

“urticaria”

A

hives

61
Q

“disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)”

A

Abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues, resulting in damage to body organs

62
Q

“graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)”

A

“Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against the recipient’s organs, commonly severely enough to cause death”

63
Q

“infectious mononucleosis”

A

“Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits; also called mono and kissing disease”

64
Q

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

A

“Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement; also called malignant neoplasm of soft tissue”

65
Q

“systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)”

A

“Widespread autoimmune disease that affects the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin”

66
Q

“sentinel node excision”

A

“Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells”

67
Q

“bone marrow aspiration”

A

“Removal of bone marrow (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle”

68
Q

tuberosity

A

“Large, rounded process”

69
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable

70
Q

synarthrosis

A

Immovable

71
Q

“leiomy/o”

A

“smooth (visceral) muscle”

72
Q

“rhabd/o”

A

“rod-shaped (striated)”

73
Q

“spondyl/o”

A

“vertebrae (backbone)”

74
Q

“ankyl/o”

A

“stiffness; bent, crooked”

75
Q

“fasci/o”

A

“band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)”

76
Q

“lord/osis”

A

curve; swayback

77
Q

“scoli/o”

A

“crooked, bent”

78
Q

“-asthenia”

A

“weakness, debility”

79
Q

“sarcomas”

A

“Malignancies that originate from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, and cells of the lymphatic system”

80
Q

“talipes equinovarus”

A

“Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot “

81
Q

“subluxation”

A

“Partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae”

82
Q

Paget disease

A

Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull”

83
Q

“osteomyelitis”

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone

84
Q

“claudication

A

Lameness, limping

85
Q

contracture

A

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint”

86
Q

“crepitation

A

Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone rubbing together

87
Q

“sequestrectomy”

A

“Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)”

88
Q

“azot/o”

A

“nitrogenous compounds”

89
Q

“pyel/o”

A

“renal pelvis”

90
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy :Treatment includes pulverizing the stone using concentrated ultrasound shock waves, generated from a machine outside the body

91
Q

Menarche

A

“initial menstrual period”

92
Q

“colp/o”

A

vagina

93
Q

“gynec/o”

A

“woman, female”

94
Q

“salping/o”

A
95
Q

“-arche”

A

beginning

96
Q

“-cyesis”

A

“pregnancy”

97
Q

dyspareunia

A

“Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse”

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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