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Pharmacology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

CIs for antacids

A

HF and HTN b/c they contain a lot of sodium

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2
Q

which drug classes inhibit indirect N/V triggers

A

serotonin antagonists
substance P /NK1 antagonists
dopamine antagonists

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3
Q

which drug classes inhibit direct trigger of N/V

A

anticholinergics
antihistamines
benzos

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4
Q

CIs for serotonin antagonists

A

heart problems –> prolongs QT

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5
Q

CIs for glucocorticoids for N/V

A

DM –> increases blood sugar

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6
Q

CIs for susbtance P/NK 1 antagonists

A

drugs will increase metabolism of warfarin and OCs

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7
Q

AEs of Phenothiazines (promethazine) (dopamine antagonist)

A
  • hypotension, sedation, resp depression, EPS
  • contraindicated in <2 years
  • tissue injury w/ extravasation!
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8
Q

AEs of Butyrophenones (haloperidol & Droperidol)

A
  • hypotension, sedation, resp depression, EPS
  • contraindicated in <2 years
  • tissue injury w/ extravasation!
  • QT prolongation
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9
Q

pt education for scopolamine patch

A

apply prophylactically

don’t touch eyes after

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10
Q

DOC for pregnancy induced N/V

A

doxylamine (antihistamine) + vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

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11
Q

why does loperamide (opioid) have low abuse potential

A

Low abuse potential b/c they are formulated with a drug that creates unpleasant side effects and not well absorbed

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12
Q

MOA of sulfasalazine

A

Metabolized by intestinal bacteria → to 5-ASA and sulfapyridine = suppression of PG synthesis and migration of inflammatory cells –>
5ASA - suppression of PG synthesis and local inflammation
Sulfapyridine = leads to AE

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13
Q

MOA of budenoside

A

formulated to release drug when it reaches the ileum/ascending colon (location of Crohn’s inflammation) → results in higher concentration where its needed and lower systemic effects

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14
Q

MOA of Metoclopramide

A

DA & 5HT receptor block in CTZ
Increases upper GI motility via ACh enhancing
Increase tone and motility of GI tract

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15
Q

CIs for metoclompramide

A

GI obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage

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16
Q

selective toxicity of antibiotics

A

Cell wall - gram positive and negative
Gram negative has envelope as well
Unique microbial enzyme critical to function of bacteria (inhibit it)
Unique microbial ribosomes (protein synthesis cannot occur)

17
Q

what drugs have the beta lactam ring

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
Carbapenems

18
Q

when don’t we give antibiotics

A

Viral infection
Fever of unknown origin
Before we know enough information
w/o surgically draining abscesses (abx will have limited efficacy)

19
Q

AEs of Gentamicin*
Tobramycin*
Amikacin*

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

20
Q

methotrexate Aes

A

Hepatic fibrosis
Bone marrow suppression
GI ulceration
Pneumonitis

21
Q

methotrexate CIs

A

blood dyscrasias, immunodeficiency, liver disease, pregnancy

caution: Vaccine risks - decreased efficacy, infection risk w/ live vaccines

22
Q

how to treat gout flare ups

A

NSAIDs: to treat symptoms
Glucocorticoids: PO or IM in those who can’t use NSAIDs
Colchicine: anti inflammatory agent specific for gout

23
Q

AE of Colchicine

A

Narrow TI: disruption of cellular microtubules = toxicity to rapidly proliferating cell groups
GI effects
Myelosuppression
myopathy

24
Q

MOA of xanthine oxide inhibitors

A

Inhibition of XO (enzyme required for uric acid formation) → decreased uric acid levels, prevention of tophi formation

25
Q

MOA of Bisphosphonates

A

Structural analogs of pyrophosphate (normal constituent of bone)
Drugs is incorporated into bone and remains active for years
Decreases osteoclast activity → decreased bone resorption

26
Q

most common AE of bisphosphonates

A

Esophagitis - Avoid by taking w/ fully glass of water and remain upright x30-60 mins

27
Q

SERMs

A 
Increases BMD
Protects against breast CA risk
Does not promote endometrial CA
Lowers LDL
No change in HDL
May cause hot flashes
Increases DVT/PE risk
Block box warning r/t CV disease
CI to developing fetus
28
Q

CIs for Gallium nitrate

A

prevents bone resorption but highly nephrotoxic –> kidney patients

29
Q

Edetate disodium

A

chelating agent, binds blood calcium for excretion (profund hypo can occur)
would not give to anyone with hypocalcemia

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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