final exam Flashcards
CIs for antacids
HF and HTN b/c they contain a lot of sodium
which drug classes inhibit indirect N/V triggers
serotonin antagonists
substance P /NK1 antagonists
dopamine antagonists
which drug classes inhibit direct trigger of N/V
anticholinergics
antihistamines
benzos
CIs for serotonin antagonists
heart problems –> prolongs QT
CIs for glucocorticoids for N/V
DM –> increases blood sugar
CIs for susbtance P/NK 1 antagonists
drugs will increase metabolism of warfarin and OCs
AEs of Phenothiazines (promethazine) (dopamine antagonist)
- hypotension, sedation, resp depression, EPS
- contraindicated in <2 years
- tissue injury w/ extravasation!
AEs of Butyrophenones (haloperidol & Droperidol)
- hypotension, sedation, resp depression, EPS
- contraindicated in <2 years
- tissue injury w/ extravasation!
- QT prolongation
pt education for scopolamine patch
apply prophylactically
don’t touch eyes after
DOC for pregnancy induced N/V
doxylamine (antihistamine) + vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
why does loperamide (opioid) have low abuse potential
Low abuse potential b/c they are formulated with a drug that creates unpleasant side effects and not well absorbed
MOA of sulfasalazine
Metabolized by intestinal bacteria → to 5-ASA and sulfapyridine = suppression of PG synthesis and migration of inflammatory cells –>
5ASA - suppression of PG synthesis and local inflammation
Sulfapyridine = leads to AE
MOA of budenoside
formulated to release drug when it reaches the ileum/ascending colon (location of Crohn’s inflammation) → results in higher concentration where its needed and lower systemic effects
MOA of Metoclopramide
DA & 5HT receptor block in CTZ
Increases upper GI motility via ACh enhancing
Increase tone and motility of GI tract
CIs for metoclompramide
GI obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage
selective toxicity of antibiotics
Cell wall - gram positive and negative
Gram negative has envelope as well
Unique microbial enzyme critical to function of bacteria (inhibit it)
Unique microbial ribosomes (protein synthesis cannot occur)
what drugs have the beta lactam ring
penicillins
cephalosporins
Carbapenems
when don’t we give antibiotics
Viral infection
Fever of unknown origin
Before we know enough information
w/o surgically draining abscesses (abx will have limited efficacy)
AEs of Gentamicin*
Tobramycin*
Amikacin*
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
methotrexate Aes
Hepatic fibrosis
Bone marrow suppression
GI ulceration
Pneumonitis
methotrexate CIs
blood dyscrasias, immunodeficiency, liver disease, pregnancy
caution: Vaccine risks - decreased efficacy, infection risk w/ live vaccines
how to treat gout flare ups
NSAIDs: to treat symptoms
Glucocorticoids: PO or IM in those who can’t use NSAIDs
Colchicine: anti inflammatory agent specific for gout
AE of Colchicine
Narrow TI: disruption of cellular microtubules = toxicity to rapidly proliferating cell groups
GI effects
Myelosuppression
myopathy
MOA of xanthine oxide inhibitors
Inhibition of XO (enzyme required for uric acid formation) → decreased uric acid levels, prevention of tophi formation
