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Health BC > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Confidence in oneself, specifically for our context, confidence in ability to engage in health-related behaviors.

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2
Q

Who pioneered Self Efficacy Theory?

A

Albert Bandura

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3
Q

What is the main focus of Self Efficacy model?

A

Cognitive determinants of behavior

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4
Q

4 Strategies to increase Self-Efficacy (constructs):

A
  1. Vicarious Experience: learning from observing others be successful performing the behavior
  2. Mastery Experience: performing the behavior yourself and being successful
  3. Verbal Persuasion: social support or encouragement
  4. Minimizing Somatic & Emotional States: when we try to influence people’s self-efficacy under conditions where they are highly emotionally energized or charged, we’re not successful.
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5
Q

Who pioneered Social Cognitive theory?

A

Albert Bandura

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6
Q

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

A

A middle ground between the psychological determinants of behavior and the environmental determinants of behavior. Both ideas are important in changing behavior.

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7
Q

What is the main focus of the Social Cognitive model?

A

Cognitive determinants of behavior

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8
Q

Social Cognitive Theory: What is the triadic model of reciprocal determinism?

A

3 factors: overt behavior, environmental influences, and personal factors are all interconnected and influence each other.

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9
Q

What is the difference between a tenant and a construct?

A

Tenants are the foundation of the theory, the proof of the theory works. (you don’t need to know these). Constructs are the framework on top of the foundation. They are the things that interventionists try to change in order to change behavior.

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10
Q

Social Cognitive Theory: What are the constructs included in this theory?

A

Knowledge, Situational Perception, Outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, environment, self-efficacy, and reinforcement. *Be able to define each of these

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11
Q

Theory of reasoned action/ planned behavior: What is the purpose behind this theory?

A

Behavior is driven by intention to behave, which are influenced by attitudes and subjective norms

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12
Q

Theory of reasoned action or planned behavior: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Cognitive determinants of behavior

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13
Q

What is the difference between the TPB and the TRA?

A

The TPB includes the added component of Perceived Behavioral Control

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14
Q

Who pioneered the TRA?

A

Martin Fishbein & Icek Azjen

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15
Q

What are the constructs included in the TPB?

A

Intentions, Attitudes, Behavioral Beliefs, Outcome Evaluations, Subjective Norms, Normative Beliefs, Motivation to Comply, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Power, Control Beliefs. *Be able to define all of these

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16
Q

Health Belief Model: What are the origins of the model?

A

Investigations into why people were signing up for free tuberculosis screenings in the 1950’s.

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17
Q

Health Belief Model: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Cognitive determinants of behavior

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18
Q

Health Belief Model: What does the model try to understand?

A

People’ perceptions about health outcomes and how that relates to them engaging in health-related behaviors.

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19
Q

Health belief Model: What are the constructs that make up the model?

A

Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Modifying Variables (influences), Cues to Action, Self-Efficacy *Be able to define all of these

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20
Q

Trans theoretical Model: What are the origins of the model?

A

James Prochaska, a prominent researcher in the area of substance abuse was one of the first individuals to use the model.

21
Q

Trans theoretical Model: What is another commonly known name for the model?

A

The Stages of Change Model

22
Q

Trans theoretical Model: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Cognitive determinants of behavior

23
Q

Trans theoretical Model: What does the model suggest?

A

Behavior change is a continuum, not a discrete event.

24
Q

Trans Theoretical Model: What are the Stages of Change?

A

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, & Maintenance.

25
Q

Trans theoretical Model: What are the Processes of Change?

A

Consciousness Raising, Dramatic Belief, Self-Re-evaluation, Environmental Re-evaluation, Counterconditioning, Contingency Management, & Stimulus Control. *Be able to define each of these and know during what stage of change each would be most effective

26
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis: Why are these methods sometimes neglected from behavior change interventions?

A

Because interventionists often hope people will change behavior solely because they want to change, not because of an external reward, which is usually not the case.

27
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Environmental Determinants of Behavior

28
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis:

  1. What is the definition of topography?
  2. What is the definition of function?
  3. Which is more important to address?
A
  1. How the behavior looks
  2. The purpose of the behavior
  3. Function
29
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis: What are the ”constructs” of this theory?

A

Behaviors exist because they serve a purpose, New behaviors that serve a purpose can be developed easily, Practice is important in developing new behaviors, and Coercion interferes with learning and uptake of new behaviors.

30
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis: What is the 3-term contingency?

A

Behavior can be broken into 3 parts- stimulus, operant response, and reinforcer/punishment

31
Q

Ecological Model: What is the origins of this model?

A

It was first put forth by Bronfenbrenner and modernized by James Sallis.

32
Q

Ecological Model: What does this model suggest?

A

Behavior is affected by multiple levels of influence and different levels in the environment each play an important role in health behaviors.

33
Q

Ecological Model: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Environmental determinants of behavior

34
Q

Ecological Model: What are the levels in this model?

A

Intrapersonal Level, Interpersonal Level, Organizational Level, Community Level, & Policy Level. *Be able to define each of these levels

35
Q

What is the difference between the Behavioral Ecological Model and the traditional Ecological Model?

A

The BEM includes concepts from Applied Behavioral Analysis.

36
Q

Behavioral Ecological Model: What is the main focus of this model?

A

Environmental determinants of behavior

37
Q

BEM: Define hierarchical or cascading contingency:

A

situations where levels of the BEM influence each other.

38
Q

Behavioral Ecological Model: What is the best example of the BEM in practice?

A

The California Tobacco Control Program.

39
Q

Behavioral Ecological Model: What are the levels of the BEM?

A

Individual Level, Local Network, Community Level, & Society Level. *Be able to define each level

40
Q

Social Determinants of Health: Who is the pioneer for this theory?

A

Sir Michael Marmot

41
Q

Sir Michael Marmot calls the Social Determinants of Health “the causes of the causes. ” What does this mean?

A

The Social Determinants in themselves don’t cause illness; they cause the conditions which cause illness.

42
Q

Social Determinants of Health: What does this theory suggest? Why?

A
  • Wealthier individuals fare better and poorer individuals suffer more in health related areas.
  • Because access to health care and education is limited as a person moves down the social gradient and conditions of work, leisure, home environment, etc., are all better the higher up a person is on the social gradient.
43
Q

Social Determinants of Health: What are the prominent social determinants?

A

Social gradient, stress, early life, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support, addiction, food, and transportation.

44
Q

Define Social Capital:

A

The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively (Wikipedia).

45
Q

Social Capital Theory: What is the idea proposed in this lesson?

A

Social capital may be able to buffer the side effects of low Social Determinants of Health

46
Q

Current reductions in social capital is mirrored by trends in the US regarding:

A

Bowling Leagues

47
Q

Which region of the US demonstrates the lowest level of Social Capital?

A

The Southeast region.

48
Q

What are the prominent types of social capital?

A

Bridging & Bonding. *Be able to define both of these

49
Q

https://quizlet.com/128259095/health-335-final-flash-cards/

A

yes do it

Health BC (2 decks)

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