Final exam

Question 1

Primary prevention

Answer 1

seek to maximize health, prevent disease or injury before it occurs

• altering unhealthy habits, preventing exposure to hazards, building immunity
• vaccinations, education, immunization

Question 2

Secondary prevention

Answer 2

reduce the impact of disease or injury

- regular exams, screening, diet/exercise programs

Question 3

Tertiary prevention

Answer 3

Softens the impact of an ongoing illness/injury with ongoing effects
- rehab, support groups

Question 4

Tertiary care:

Answer 4

long term management so that quality of life is retained
- palliative care/rehab, continuous assessments for HIV progression, watch for opportunistic infection and pain control

Supportive life choices that bring comfort to the client

Question 5

Disaster planning: preparedness

Answer 5

ID all hazards, proactive planning, evaluation possible damage

Question 6

Disaster planning: mitigation

Answer 6

take measures to limit damage, disability and loss of lfie

Question 7

Disaster planning: response

Answer 7

implement disaster plan, provide emergency care, restore communication/transportation

Question 8

disaster planning: recovery

Answer 8

stabilization, returns to normal status

Question 9

Disaster planning: evaluation

Answer 9

learn from past, prep for future

Question 10

Public health nursing intervention wheel

Answer 10

Focus on prevention

- creates a structure for IDand documenting interventions

Question 11

Policy making process

Answer 11

1. setting agenda
2. policy formation
3. policy adoption
4. policy implementation
5. policy assessment
6. policy modificiation

Question 12

Social determininants of health

Answer 12

The social condition in which people live, their income, social status, education, home, work environment, support network, gender, culture, availability of health services

Question 13

Health disarities:

Answer 13

Differences in healthcare and health outcomes; experienced by one population compared to another

Question 14

Recommendations of WHO and SOCIAL DETERMINANTS:

Answer 14

less than half of all countries have essential medications for basic healthcare

Question 15

Web of causation:

Answer 15

epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes of concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explainging illness

Question 16

Wheel of causation

Answer 16

Model the deemphasizes the agent as the sole cause of disease, while emphasizing the interplay of physical, biologic and social environments

Question 17

Chain of infection

Answer 17

the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host

Question 18

vehicle

Answer 18

intermediate, inanimate object

– food, water, contaminated hands

Question 19

vector

Answer 19

animal or insect carriers of infectious agents

Question 20

Important area of prevention focus is women and HIV. Read through the secondary (positive prevention) and tertiary prevention measures for women.

SECONDARY PREVENTION WOMEN HIV

Answer 20

screening and gaining initial recognition for the stage of the illness or physical challenge in order to minimze any further progress,

the need to use antiretroviral medication
any exacerbation of comorbidities that could affect HIV status
stopping possibility of spreading virus to others

Question 21

8 principles of public health nursing practice

Answer 21

1. client / unit or care = population
2. primary obligation to achieve greatest good for greatest number of people
3. PH nurses collaborate with the client as an equal partner
4. primary prevention is priority in selection appropriate activities
5. PH nurses focus on strategies that create healthy environmental, social, and economic conditions in which populations may thrive
6. PH nurse obligated to actively ID and reach out to all who might benefit from specific activity or service
7. optimal use of available resources and creation of new evidence-based strategies is necessary to assure the best overall improvement in health of populations
8. collaboration with other professionals, populations, organization and stakeholder groups is most effective way to promote/protect health of all people