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Politics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ideology ?

A

A set of interrelated ideas about governments, society, economy, human nature that affect political action.

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2
Q

What are the benefits of an ideology ?

A

Consistenet talking, necessary to politics

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3
Q

What are the drawbacks of an ideology?

A

Uncompromising, associated with terrorism and used to justify horrors.

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4
Q

What is the tematic approach ?

A

compare what ideologies says about specific themes, like human nature, economy.

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5
Q

What is a political party ?

A

Organizations that compete to mobilize voters to elects their candidate to piblic office and to control the goverment.

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6
Q

What definies Liberalism ?

A
  • Agaisnt arbitary rule of kings
  • Freedom centered
  • Rule of law and limited goverment are values.
  • Separation of religion and laws
  • Free market
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7
Q

What are the 3 strands of Liberalism ?

A
  • Classical
  • Reform ( market regulations, Gov more involved)
  • Neo-Liberalism : reduction in gov. intervention, less taxes.
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8
Q

What definies Conservatism ?

A
  • Agaisnt rapid change
  • Skeptical of human nature ( like Hobbes )
  • Goverent keep order, security and national unity
  • Old customs and religion
  • Individual responsibility
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9
Q

What are the two types of conservatism ?

A
  • Classical

- The New Right ( Weaking of the state, military foreign policy, Traditional values)

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10
Q

What definies Socialism ?

A
  • Agaisnt hardships
  • Cooperation and egalitarian
  • Common ownership
  • Breaking monopolies, keeping agri. ( no free market)
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11
Q

What is the other type of socialism ?

A

Social democracy : Focus on equality within the capitalist framework

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12
Q

What is facism ?

A

Inequalities, nationalism, strong leader, emotions more than reason, military values, corporate state economy etc

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13
Q

Three main types of regime ?

A

-Democracy and non-democracy and hybrid

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14
Q

What is the definition of democracy ?

A

Rule by and for the people

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15
Q

What are the five features of democracy ?

A

1: Political pluralism
2: Accountability
3:Transperency
4:Rule of law
5 : Popular participation

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16
Q

What is a regime ?

A

A set of rules in a state that define how decisions are made

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17
Q

What is political pluralism ?

A

Plurality of groups that can yeild power ( leadership, persuasions, inducement )
Non gov. organisation, media, political parties.

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18
Q

What are the 3 features of the rule of law ?

A
  • There is a body of law, known to all
  • Laws apply to everyone
  • Laws apply to the gov.
19
Q

What are the main features of accountability ?

A

-Check and change the gouverment

20
Q

What are the two types of accountability ?

A

1 : Vertical accountability : citizens have direct oversight of the gov. ( questions during parliament )
2 : horizontal accountability : Institutions have direct oversight on the different branches of gov.

21
Q

What is transperency and what is it linked to ?

A

Acces to info on gov activity. Necessary for accountability and political pluralism.

22
Q

What is popular particapation ?

A

Any citizen can vote.

23
Q

What is a non-democracy ?

A

A authoritarian : Arbitary rules, rules are for the rulers, rule is based on coercion and fear, common good is decided by a resticed number of people.

24
Q

What are the features of a totalitarian system ?

A

“All within the state, nothing outside the state nothing agaisnt the state.”

  • Official ideology ( ex: comm)
  • Single mass party
  • Monopoly of communications
  • Party controls all means of armed combat
  • Economy is planned and controlled.
25
Q

Different types of non-democracy

A
  • Absolute monarchies
  • Personal dictatorship
  • Party dictartorship
  • Military dictatorship
  • Theocratic dictatorship ( country run by religious elitist)
26
Q

What is a constitution ?

A
  • Fundamental rules and principles by which a state is governed
  • Supreme law
  • Liberal ideology heritage
  • Rule of law
  • Rights and freedom
27
Q

What are the three roles of a constitutions ?

A
  • Establishes fundamental rules and principles
  • Determines which institutions cans make laws and governing decisions
  • Sets the government relationship between the goverment and the people
28
Q

What are the 3 types of formats of a constitutions ?

A
  • Codifiers (formal text)
  • Conventions (traditions)
  • Unwritten principles
29
Q

What is a provisions ?

A

Elements of a constitutional documents. Each sections performs a distinct function within the document

30
Q

What are the 4 provisions ?

A
  • Preamble ( Basic values + goals)
  • Governing instituions (seperation of power, levels of goverment etc)
  • Rights and freedom (basic freedom, political freedom, notwithstanding clause, reasonable limit clause)
  • Amending formula ( allow change in constitution.)
31
Q

Who does a central goverment take decision for ?

A

A whole country

32
Q

What is power distributions ?

A

Specific power arragments between levels of government.

33
Q

What are the 3 power distributions?

A
  • Unitary system (Central is supperior, they grant power to provincial and local gov, uniformity of laws )
  • Federal system : Derive power from the constitution. No hierachy. Good for large countries. Limit gov. power.
  • Confederate system : Fully gov. states, thehy can leave the union)
34
Q

What is concurrent policy areas ?

A

Shared legislative powers between central and provincial gov.

35
Q

What is a parliamentary system ?

A

Form of government / system of governance adopted by some democracies, comes from UK

36
Q

What are three features that makes canada different from the uk ?

A
  • Federal system ( distribution of power)
  • Charter of rights and freedom
  • Can have written constituion, not UK
37
Q

What are the three branches of gov ?

A
  • Executive = execute laws ( Prime minister and cabinet) Introduce most bills to the parliament
  • Legislative = makes laws (Members of parliament)
  • Juridical = adjudicates laws
38
Q

Who chose the executive ?

A

Gov general : among the legislative.

39
Q

Who’s the head of state in Can ?

A

Head of the executive and legislative branch : Queen and governor general

40
Q

What’s the governor general’s job ?

A
  • Dissolve parliament at least each 4 years
  • gives royal assent to the bills
  • ensure that there is a prime minister
  • acts on adivce of the prime minister
41
Q

Who appointes the cabinet members ?

A

The prime minister

42
Q

Parliament is ?

A

Linked to the legislative branch, allows accountability, has 2 chambers : house of commons and senate

43
Q

House of commons ?

A
  • one member each district,

- Control executive with confidence vote

44
Q

Senate?

A

-Senators are appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister
They passe laws first voted by the house of commons

Politics (3 decks)

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